scholarly journals Participatory integrated control strategies and elimination of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e998-e999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey D Mazigo
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Integrated Control Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Giardiasis Co-Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Can a One Health Approach Improve Control of Each Waterborne Parasite Simultaneously?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Archer ◽  
Lisa O’Halloran ◽  
Hajri Al-Shehri ◽  
Shannan Summers ◽  
Tapan Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Sub Saharan

Both intestinal schistosomiasis and giardiasis are co-endemic throughout many areas of sub-Saharan Africa, significantly impacting the health of millions of children in endemic areas. While giardiasis is not considered a neglected tropical disease (NTD), intestinal schistosomiasis is formally grouped under the NTD umbrella and receives significant advocacy and financial support for large-scale control. Although there are differences in the epidemiology between these two diseases, there are also key similarities that might be exploited within potential integrated control strategies permitting tandem interventions. In this review, we highlight these similarities and discuss opportunities for integrated control of giardiasis in low and middle-income countries where intestinal schistosomiasis is co-endemic. By applying new, advanced methods of disease surveillance, and by improving the provision of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) initiatives, (co)infection with intestinal schistosomiasis and/or giardiasis could not only be more effectively controlled but also better understood. In this light, we appraise the suitability of a One Health approach targeting both intestinal schistosomiasis and giardiasis, for if adopted more broadly, transmission of both diseases could be reduced to gain improvements in health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Doumbe-Belisse ◽  
E. Kopya ◽  
C. S. Ngadjeu ◽  
N. Sonhafouo-Chiana ◽  
A. Talipouo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Entomological Inoculation Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa is registering one of the highest urban population growth across the world. It is estimated that over 75% of the population in this region will be living in urban settings by 2050. However, it is not known how this rapid urbanization will affect vector populations and disease transmission. The present study summarizes findings from studies conducted in urban settings between the 1970s and 2020 to assess the effects of urbanization on the entomological inoculation rate pattern and anopheline species distribution. Different online databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Google were screened. A total of 90 publications were selected out of 1527. Besides, over 200 additional publications were consulted to collate information on anopheline breeding habitats and species distribution in urban settings. The study confirms high malaria transmission in rural compared to urban settings. The study also suggests that there had been an increase in malaria transmission in most cities after 2003, which could also be associated with an increase in sampling, resources and reporting. Species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were the predominant vectors in most urban settings. Anopheline larvae were reported to have adapted to different aquatic habitats. The study provides updated information on the distribution of the vector population and the dynamic of malaria transmission in urban settings. The study also highlights the need for implementing integrated control strategies in urban settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis in Nigerian livestock: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Hussaini Ojagefu Adamu ◽  
Rahimat Oshuwa Hussaini ◽  
Cedric Obasuyi ◽  
Linus Irefo Anagha ◽  
Gabriel Oscy Okoduwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMastitis is a disease of livestock that directly impede livestock production and thus hindering the socio-ecological development of sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have estimated the prevalence of this disease in 30% of Africa countries, with Ethiopia having the highest prevalence. The coverage is low, despite the wide livestock and dairy farms distribution in Africa. Furthermore, estimated economic losses due to the impact of mastitis are lacking in Nigeria. The disease is endemic in Nigeria as indicated by the available data and there are no proposed management plans or control strategies. This review is thus presented to serve as a wakeup call to all parties involved to intensify efforts towards the diagnosis, control, and management of the disease in Nigeria.

EFFECTS OF FLORIDA CITRUS PEST CONTROL PRACTICES ON THE CITRUS BLACKFLY (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) AND ITS ASSOCIATED NATURAL ENEMIES

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Ronald H. Cherry ◽  
Robert V. Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Aleurocanthus Woglumi ◽  
Integrated Control Strategies ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Amitus Hesperidum ◽  
Predator Complex

AbstractThe postbloom and summer sprays recommended in Florida commercial citrus cultures for management of insect and mite pests and phytopathogenic diseases caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, infesting urban dooryard citrus. There were no observed adverse chronic effects on populations of the parasite Amitus hesperidum Silvestri, or the predator complex consisting of spiders, chrysopids, and coccinellids attributable to the chemical treatments. The absence of chronic pesticide-induced interference with biological control agents was interpreted as an indication of the potential for development of integrated control strategies against A. woglumi should this insect invade commercial citrus areas in Florida.

scholarly journals Research on Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease and Developments Towards Better Understanding of Epidemiology, Management, and Control Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S127-S129
Author(s):  
Samuel Kariuki ◽  
Ellis Owusu-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control

Abstract During the 11th International Conference on Typhoid and Other Invasive Salmonelloses held in Hanoi, Vietnam, a number of papers were presented on the burden of disease, epidemiology, genomics, management, and control strategies for invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease, which is increasingly becoming an important public health threat in low- and middle-income countries, but especially in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Although there were minor variations in characteristics of iNTS in different settings (urban vs rural, country to country), it was observed that iNTS has gained greater recognition as a major disease entity in children younger than 5 years. Renewed efforts towards greater understanding of the burden of illness, detection and diagnostic strategies, and management and control of the disease in communities in sSA through the introduction of vaccines will be important.

scholarly journals Development of integrated control strategies for wattle. II. Control of unwanted wattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Campbell ◽  
D. C. Naudé ◽  
R. L. Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Integrated Control Strategies

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Associated with Cassava and the Occurrence of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Zambia

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Patrick Chiza Chikoti ◽  
Mathias Tembo ◽  
James Peter Legg ◽  
Rudolph Rufini Shirima ◽  
Habibu Mugerwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Brown Streak

Bemisia tabaci is an important vector of cassava brown streak viruses and cassava mosaic begomoviruses, the causal agents of cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), respectively. A study was carried out to determine the genetic variability of B. tabaci associated with cassava and the occurrence of CMD in Zambia in 2013 and 2015. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of only the sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) genetic group in Zambia. The SSA1 population had three population subgroups (SGs): SSA1-SG1, SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3. All three SSA1 population subgroups occurred in Western Province. However, only SSA1-SG3 occurred in Eastern Province, while only SSA1-SG1 occurred in North Western and Luapula Provinces. Adult B. tabaci were most abundant in Western Province in 2013 (11.1/plant) and 2015 (10.8/plant), and least abundant (0.2/plant) in Northern Province in both 2013 and 2015. CMD was prevalent in all seven provinces surveyed, with the highest incidence recorded in Lusaka Province in both 2013 (78%) and 2015 (83.6%), and the lowest in Northern Province in both 2013 (26.6%) and 2015 (29.3%). Although SSA1-SG1 occurred at greater abundances than the other subgroups, there was no direct association demonstrated between whitefly subgroup and incidence of CMD. Establishing which B. tabaci genetic groups and populations are associated with CMD and their distribution in the country is a key factor in guiding the development of CMD control strategies for cassava-dependent households.

Integrated Control Strategies Supporting Autonomous Functionalities in Mobile Robots

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sights ◽  
H. R. Everett ◽  
E. B. Pacis ◽  
G. Kogut ◽  
M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Integrated Control Strategies

Antibiotics resistance in Sub Saharan Africa; literature review from 2010 – 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A. Balala ◽  
T.G. Huong ◽  
S.G. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sub Saharan

Antibiotics saves millions of lives in human and animal from bacterial infections, but resistance has been occurred and spreading borderless which pose health and economic problems. This study aimed to describe epidemiology (prevalence) of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human and animals and describing risk factors with strategic control efforts in Sub-Sahara Africa countries. Total 72 articles published from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed which reported on bacterium resistance to commonly-used antibiotics of different groups. Majority of isolated bacteria were highly resistant to b-lactams, Tetracycline and Sulphonamide, moderate resistant to Gentamycine and Aminoglycoside with low resistant to cephalosporin and quinolones for bacteria isolated from human while isolates from animal have high resistance to majority of antibiotic. High antibiotic resistant was associated by presence of weak/no regulation and irrational antibiotics use in Animal and Human health system, despite there is paucity of published data from central and southern African countries, lack of data sharing among laboratories and presence of few initiatives on control strategies of antimicrobial resistance while most of them are faced by resource limitations (skilled personnel, Equipments and Fund allocation). This study recommend that awareness on rational antibiotic use must be created, strong regulation to limit accessibility of antibiotics over the counter prescription, strengthening laboratory based diagnosis and surveillance, Infection control and prevention in hospitals with strong biosafety and biosecurity in animal farms are crucial. Adoption of “One Health Approach” is very important through multisectoral involvement, information sharing and networking.

War and Disease: Recent Trends and Future Threats

War Epidemics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Smallman-Raynor ◽  
Andrew Cliff
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
International Peacekeeping

In the foregoing chapters, we have focused on the intersection of war and infectious disease over the 140-year period from 1850. We have examined long-term trends in disease activity in civil, military, and displaced populations (Chs. 3–5), outlined some of the analytical approaches used to describe the spread of war epidemics (Ch. 6), and we have explored in a regional context recurring themes at the interface of war and infectious disease (Chs. 7–12). In this concluding chapter, we examine the epidemiological consequences of wars and war-like events in the years since 1990.We begin in Section 13.2 by reviewing the empirical evidence for the spread of diseases in association with three recent conflicts: the Gulf War (1990–1); the Bosnian Civil War (1992–5); and Afghanistan and the ‘War on Terrorism’ (2001–). In Section 13.3, we examine the role of war both as an obstacle to disease eradication and to disease-control strategies while, in Section 13.4, we focus on biological weapons as one of the foremost threats to global security in the modern world. Finally, in Section 13.5, we isolate a series of further war-related issues (militarism; economic sanctions; international peacekeeping; disease re-emergence; and post-combat syndromes) that—given the balance of probabilities—are likely to be of continuing epidemiological significance in the current century. As we enter a new millennium, there is an undercurrent of academic thought that nuclear weaponary and the end of the Cold War have rendered war obsolete; that war is, and will be, increasingly supplanted by economic competition between states and regions (see e.g. Black, 2000).Yet it is clear from Figure 13.1 that wars—of greater or lesser intensity—have continued to increase, rather than decrease, in number over the last few decades. This increase has remained largely focused in the less developed regions of the world (van der Wusten, 1985; Brogan, 1992; Arnold, 1995). By way of illustration, Figure 13.2 delimits the global pattern of conflict in the year 2000. As the map shows, levels of conflict intensity were highest in some of the poorest of the world’s regions—in Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South Asia (Murray et al., 2002).

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