Verter: helping drug users near the USA–Mexico border

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e495
Author(s):  
David Agren
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border

scholarly journals A systematic review of potential habitat suitability for the jaguar Panthera onca in central Arizona and New Mexico, USA

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eric W. Sanderson ◽  
Kim Fisher ◽  
Rob Peters ◽  
Jon P. Beckmann ◽  
Bryan Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Conservation Plan

Abstract In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.

Reflections on FDA and WHO recommendations concerning clinical trials

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Dreyfus ◽  
D. Cremniter ◽  
J.D. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryWe are still confronted by numerous different nosographic models and problems concerning the objective evaluation of patients progress during treatment. It is interesting to consider the consequences of this situation in psychiatry which still involves a relative diversity of practical methods used in clinical trials. The recommendations of the USA Food and Drug Administration, on the one hand, constitute a highly structured and precise reference. The World Health Organization, on the other hand, promulgates general recommendations resulting from a compromise designed to satisfy the greatest number of clinicians.Despite the apparently diverse principles and the different practical methods they propose, both those sets of recommendations have been useful in inspiring clinicians to reflect upon these different methodological approaches. The qualities of the inclusion criteria used in the study of patients and the sensitivity of the different measuring instruments have allowed psychotropic drug users as well as producers to recognize the need for a certain rigour in clinical trials.The FDA and WHO guidelines have certainly improved the quality of clinical trials in psychopharmacology. However, they also represent a source of resistance to innovation.A series of consensus meetings to first reconcile US and European points of view and later to include new techniques in the recognized sets of methods would therefore be helpful.

scholarly journals Structural vulnerability: migration and health in social context

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. e005109
Author(s):  
Lauren Carruth ◽  
Carlos Martinez ◽  
Lahra Smith ◽  
Katharine Donato ◽  
Carlos Piñones-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Care Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Training And Support

Based on the authors’ work in Latin America and Africa, this article describes and applies the concept ‘structural vulnerability’ to the challenges of clinical care and healthcare advocacy for migrants. This concept helps consider how specific social, economic and political hierarchies and policies produce and pattern poor health in two case studies: one at the USA–Mexico border and another in Djibouti. Migrants’ and providers’ various entanglements within inequitable and sometimes violent global migration systems can produce shared structural vulnerabilities that then differentially affect health and other outcomes. In response, we argue providers require specialised training and support; professional associations, healthcare institutions, universities and humanitarian organisations should work to end the criminalisation of medical and humanitarian assistance to migrants; migrants should help lead efforts to reform medical and humanitarian interventions; and alternative care models in Global South to address the structural vulnerabilities inherent to migration and asylum should be supported.

scholarly journals Increasing presence of xylazine in heroin and/or fentanyl deaths, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043968
Author(s):  
Jewell Johnson ◽  
Lia Pizzicato ◽  
Caroline Johnson ◽  
Kendra Viner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Usa

Reports from active drug users state that xylazine, the veterinary tranquilliser, has been increasing in the illicit drug supply in Philadelphia. To describe trends and characteristics of unintentional deaths from heroin and/or fentanyl overdose with xylazine detections occurring in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health analysed data on deaths from unintentional heroin and/or fentanyl overdose from the Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office over a 10-year period (2010–2019). Xylazine went from being detected in less than 2% cases of fatal heroin and/or fentanyl overdose between 2010 and 2015 to 262 (31%) of the 858 fatal heroin and/or fentanyl overdose cases in 2019. Currently, information is limited on the presence of xylazine in continental United States. Xylazine’s association with adverse outcomes in other locations indicates that potential health consequences should also be monitored in the USA. Whenever possible, jurisdictions should consistently test for xylazine.

scholarly journals 0836 BORN IN THE USA OR BORN IN MEXICO? IMPLICATIONS FOR SLEEP DURATION, SLEEP QUALITY, SLEEP DISORDERS SYMPTOMS AT THE US-MEXICO BORDER

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A309-A310
Author(s):  
A Okuagu ◽  
K Granados ◽  
P Alfonso-Miller ◽  
O Buxton ◽  
S Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Us Mexico Border

Destination food image, satisfaction and outcomes in a border context: tourists vs excursionists

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Toudert ◽  
Nora L. Bringas-Rábago
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Food Image ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of cognitive destination food image in food expectation, satisfaction and visit outcomes within a local context of the USA–Mexico border. The differences between tourists and excursionists were also assessed for their possible implications in strengthening an active market strategy in the framework of the same objective.Design/methodology/approachFour hypotheses were examined through Squares SEM techniques. The model validation was carried out assessing the measurement and structural model. Additionally a multi-group analysis was performed to test the tourists and excursionists moderation effect. The study used 518 questionnaires completed by US visitors in three important gastronomic regions of the coast of Baja California, Mexico.FindingsThe results suggest that tourists and excursionists obey different dimensions when structuring cognitive destination food image which showed a significant impact on visitor satisfaction and future intentions.Originality/valueThe moderation function of tourists and excursionists in the causal relationships of the research model was analyzed as one of the first explorations in food tourism marketing. In conjunction with other findings, this paper offers specific theoretical and practical implications on how to stimulate gastronomic consumption in these two segments of visitors.

Relationship between marijuana and other illicit drug use and depression/suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namkee G. Choi ◽  
Diana M. DiNitto ◽  
C. Nathan Marti ◽  
Bryan Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
The Usa

ABSTRACTBackground:Despite growing numbers of older-adult illicit drug users, research on this topic is rare. This study examined the relationship between marijuana and/or other illicit drug use and major depressive episode (MDE) and serious suicidal thoughts among those aged 50+ years in the USA.Methods:The public use files of the 2008 to 2012 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) provided data on 29,634 individuals aged 50+ years. Logistic regression analysis was used to test hypothesized associations between past-year marijuana and/or other illicit drug use and MDE and serious suicidal thoughts.Results:Nearly 6% of the 50+ years age group reported past-year marijuana and/or other illicit drug use. Compared to non-users of any illicit drug, the odds of past-year MDE among those who used marijuana only, other illicit drugs only, and marijuana and other illicit drugs were 1.54 (95% CI = 1.17–2.03), 2.75 (95% CI = 1.75–4.33), and 2.12 (95% CI = 1.45–3.09), respectively. Those who used marijuana and other drugs also had higher odds (2.44, 95% CI = 1.58–3.77) of suicidal thoughts than non-users of any illicit drug. However, among users of any illicit drug, no difference was found among users of marijuana only, marijuana and other illicit drugs, and other illicit drugs only. Among marijuana users, marijuana use frequency was a significant correlate of suicidal thoughts only among those with MDE.Conclusions:Health and mental health (MH) service providers should pay close attention to the potential reciprocal effects of marijuana and other illicit drug use and MDE and suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Fatal attraction: A narrative of early opioid addiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Morphine Addiction ◽  
Fatal Attraction ◽  
The Usa

Norway’s first clinic to treat drug abuse was established in 1961. Most patients had been initiated into drug use through the healthcare system, i.e., in an iatrogenic manner. However, we know little about the drug users from this period. Here, we present an in-depth interview with a woman born into a wealthy family in the early 1920s who developed a heavy morphine addiction. In the course of the interview, she gradually reveals how her husband, who was a physician, as well as two other physicians, who were also erotically attracted to her, had key roles in this development. The narrative illustrates and elaborates how females from the upper strata of society with close links to male physicians may have been at particular risk of opioid misuse in the period before 1960. We now witness a new wave of iatrogenic drug abuse, particularly in the USA. We suggest that experiences from this period may again be relevant.

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