Social Rights and the Politics of Obligation in History

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Social Obligation ◽  
History Of

This pioneering volume explores the long-neglected history of social rights, from the Middle Ages to the present. It debunks the myth that social rights are 'second-generation rights' – rights that appeared after World War II as additions to a rights corpus stretching back to the Enlightenment. Not only do social rights stretch back that far; they arguably pre-date the Enlightenment. In tracing their long history across various global contexts, this volume reveals how debates over social rights have often turned on deeper struggles over social obligation – over determining who owes what to whom, morally and legally. In the modern period, these struggles have been intertwined with questions of freedom, democracy, equality and dignity. Many factors have shaped the history of social rights, from class, gender and race to religion, empire and capitalism. With incomparable chronological depth, geographical breadth and conceptual nuance, Social Rights and the Politics of Obligation in History sets an agenda for future histories of human rights.

scholarly journals Aristocratic libraries in Slovakia – status, research, history

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
Michaela Sibylová
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

The author has divided her article into two parts. The first part describes the status and research of aristocratic libraries in Slovakia. For a certain period of time, these libraries occupied an underappreciated place in the history of book culture in Slovakia. The socialist ideology of the ruling regime allowed their collections (with a few exceptions) to be merged with those of public libraries and archives. The author describes the events that affected these libraries during and particularly after the end of World War II and which had an adverse impact on the current disarrayed state and level of research. Over the past decades, there has been increased interest in the history of aristocratic libraries, as evidenced by multiple scientific conferences, exhibitions and publications. The second part of the article is devoted to a brief history of the best-known aristocratic libraries that were founded and operated in the territory of today’s Slovakia. From the times of humanism, there are the book collections of the Thurzó family and the Zay family, leading Austro-Hungarian noble families and the library of the bishop of Nitra, Zakariás Mossóczy. An example of a Baroque library is the Pálffy Library at Červený Kameň Castle. The Enlightenment period is represented by the Andrássy family libraries in the Betliar manor and the Apponyi family in Oponice. 

Igołomia i Wawrzeńczyce – dwa kościoły przy Wielkiej Drodze / Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce – two churches by the Great Road

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-203
Author(s):  
Monika Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
World War ◽  
Mary Magdalene ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The parish churches in Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce were founded in the Middle Ages. Their current appearance is the result of centuries of change. Wawrzeńczyce was an ecclesial property – first of Wrocław Premonstratens, and then, until the end of the 18th century, of Kraków bishops. The Church of St. Mary Magdalene was funded by the Bishop Iwo Odrowąż. In 1393 it was visited by the royal couple Jadwiga of Poland and Władysław Jagiełło. In the 17th century the temple suffered from the Swedish Invasion, and then a fire. The church was also damaged during World War I in 1914. The current furnishing of the church was created to a large extent after World War II. Igołomia was once partly owned by the Benedictines of Tyniec, and partly belonged to the Collegiate Church of St. Florian in Kleparz in Kraków. The first mention of the parish church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary comes from the first quarter of the fourteenth century. In 1384, a brick church was erected in place of a wooden one. The history of the Igołomia church is known only from the second half of the 18th century, as it was renovated and enlarged in 1869. The destruction after World War I initiated interior renovation work, continuing until the 1920s.

18. Human Rights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
World War ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Human

This chapter examines the concept of human rights, which derives primarily from the Charter of the United Nations adopted in 1945 immediately after World War II. It first provides a brief account of the history of the concept of human rights before describing the international human rights regime. It then considers two persistent problems that arise in applying the concept of human rights to the developing world: the relations between the claim that the concept is universally valid and the realities of cultural diversity around the world; and the relations between human rights and development. In particular, it explores cultural imperialism and cultural relativism, the human rights implications of the rise of political Islam and the so-called war on terror(ism), and globalization. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new political economy of human rights.

‘African philosophy’ The History of an Expression

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Souleymane Bachir Diagne
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
World War ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Souleymane Bachir Diagne’s text is on the history of what has been called ‘African philosophy,’ a phrase with origins in the early post-World War II period. Diagne begins by tracing the complex history and legacy of the book Bantu Philosophy (1949), which was written by the philosopher and theologian Placide Tempels, a Franciscan missionary and Belgian citizen. Diagne argues that that text represented an important break with the way in which Africa had been ignored and set aside in philosophical circles (a practice that Diagne traces to Hegel). From there, he outlines how currents in African philosophy first imitated, and then later broke with, Tempels’s model. He concludes with observations on current trends in African philosophy, which above all focus on democratic transitions, human rights, the future of the arts, citizenship, and languages in use on the continent today.

scholarly journals Hungarian Cookbooks for Israeli Readers: A Comparative Literary-Cultural Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Ilana Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

How long and how strong is Diasporic memory? How many generations can it encompass? How deeply can generations that never lived in the old country relate to its landscape, language, colors and tastes? In the case of Israelis of Hungarian origin, these questions inevitably have to do with the history of Hungarian Jews in the late nineteenth- and early-to-mid twentieth-century, with a focus placed more acutely upon World War II and the Holocaust. Written by a female Israeli researcher of folk and documentary culture who belongs to the second-generation of Hungarian-Jewish Holocaust survivors, the present article strives to deal with the foregoing and other relevant questions through a comparative literary-cultural analysis of the only two presently existing Hebrew-language Hungarian cookbooks. These two cookbooks were published in Israel in 1987 and 2009, respectively, by two male cultural celebrities, the first by a Hungarian-born journalist, author and politician and the second by an Israeli-born gastronomer and grandson of Hungarian-Israelis.

Comprehending the Past: Soviet Visions, Post-Soviet Revisions and Modern Concepts in "Ukrainian Historical Journal" (1957— 2017)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World History ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historical Journal

Th is book elucidates complex and long process of the "Ukrainian Historical Journal" transformation from the republican professional publication, founded in 1957 in the Ukrainian SSR, to a modern journal of Ukrainian historians. Esseys and materials connected with the journal's history are published consisting of two main segments: 1) materials covering the history of Ukraine in the Soviet and post-Soviet times; 2) esseys with analytical interpretation of journal's publications and its changes with regards to the defi nite problems, topics, periods and epochs of the history of Ukraine, in particular, history of the Middle Ages and early modern history, history of the XIXth — the early XXth centuries, the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, inter-war and post-war history of Soviet Ukrsine, Ukrainian dimension of the history of World War II, and also studying the problems of the world history in the journal's publications, etc.

11. Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-240
Author(s):  
Tom Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World War ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Human Rights Movement

This chapter focuses on human rights. Human rights are derived historically from the idea of natural law as it developed on a strong religious basis in late medieval Europe and, later, in a more secularized form during the more rationalist period of the Enlightenment. Meanwhile, the contemporary human rights movement stems from the aftermath of World War II. It is associated, domestically, with constitutional bills of rights and, internationally, with the work of the United Nations. Human rights may be defined as universal rights of great moral and political significance that belong to all human beings by virtue of their humanity. They are said to be overriding and absolute. Human rights may be divided into three overlapping groups: civil and political rights; economic, social, and cultural rights; and group or collective rights for development and self-determination.

A PATH LEAST TAKEN: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS AND THE PROSPECTS OF CONFLICT PREVENTION AND PEACEBUILDING IN AFRICA

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shedrack C. Agbakwa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
World War ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Individual

In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the initiators of the UN system and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) were convinced that respect for human rights and the dignity of the individual was essential to peace and conflict prevention. Perhaps, this was a realistic assessment of events informed by the experience of the failure of interwar agreements to protect especially minorities from genocidal butchery and dehumanization. Human rights was therefore seen as a primary means of conflict prevention and of promoting peaceful coexistence. Having evolved into a formidable global moral and political language of our time, human rights has since become the battle cry of many oppressed persons or groups.

Reflections on the History of Nerve Repair – Sir Sydney Sunderland's Final Presentation to the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. E373-E382
Author(s):  
Gavin A Davis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
World War ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Neurosurgical Society ◽  
History Of

Abstract Sir Sydney Sunderland (1910-1993) was an eminent physician and anatomist who identified the fascicular structure of nerves, and developed the eponymous 5-tiered classification of nerve injuries. Not long before his death, he presented a keynote address to the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. Recently, the videotape of his presentation was discovered. In the presentation, Sir Sydney included discussion on the history of nerve repair, commencing with Herophilus and Galen, and progressing through the Middle Ages, including Leonardo of Bertapaglia, and he further noted the discoveries during the 1800s of the microscope, the axon, and nerve histology (including Remak, Schwann, Nissl, and Golgi), Waller's findings on nerve degeneration, and nerve injury (His, Cajal, Forsmann, and Harrison). Sir Sydney discussed nerve injuries sustained during World War I, with the deleterious effects of infection, and following the many nerve injuries sustained during World War II, he discussed his own discoveries of internal topography of nerve fascicles, and the anatomical substrate of nerve fascicles that limit surgery for nerve repair, nerve grafts, and the basic science of spinal cord repair. This paper presents a transcript of Sunderland's presentation and includes many of his original images used to illustrate this tour de force of nerve repair.

scholarly journals The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Modern History of Human Rights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Duan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Standards

Beginning with the phrase “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights,” the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) proclaims its purpose of establishing global human rights from the outset. As a common standard of achievement for all signatory nations, the UDHR constitutes an essential cornerstone in the modern history of human rights by drawing upon ancient to contemporary philosophies, responses to the heinous crimes of World War II, and various visions for future human rights standards. Despite diverging viewpoints from many of the drafting parties and states, the UDHR eventually transcended conflict to form the underpinnings of a moral compass for all of humankind.This essay first explores how the UDHR came into formation by reviewing the historical origins of human rights, global dynamics prior to the UDHR, the drafting process and key debates involved, and finally its achieved compromise and ultimate unanimous adoption. Then, the essay examines ways in which the UDHR has evolved, from both a legal and moral angle, since its adoption in the context of past achievements and current challenges. From a historical point of view, I argue that the UDHR is a living document that has and is expected to change as our societies continue to evolve.

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