One Road to Riches?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Gjerløw ◽  
Carl Henrik Knutsen ◽  
Tore Wig ◽  
Matthew Charles Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
State Building ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Development Outcomes

Building effective state institutions before introducing democracy is widely presumed to improve different development outcomes. Conversely, proponents of this “stateness-first” argument anticipate that democratization before state building yields poor development outcomes. In this Element, we discuss several strong assumptions that (different versions of) this argument rests upon and critically evaluate the existing evidence base. In extension, we specify various observable implications. We then subject the stateness-first argument to multiple tests, focusing on economic growth as an outcome. First, we conduct historical case studies of two countries with different institutional sequencing histories, Denmark and Greece, and assess the stateness-first argument (e.g., by using a synthetic control approach). Thereafter, we draw on an extensive global sample of about 180 countries, measured across 1789–2019 and leverage panel regressions, preparametric matching, and sequence analysis to test a number of observable implications. Overall, we find little evidence to support the stateness-first argument.

Sports Mega-Events and Economic Growth: A Synthetic Control Approach

2022 ◽  
pp. 152700252110710
Author(s):  
Michał Marcin Kobierecki ◽  
Michał Pierzgalski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Olympic Games

This paper contributes to the current literature investigating whether hosting sports mega-events brings tangible economic benefits to the host country. Specifically, we examine whether staging the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cups leads to observable economic growth. The research has been conducted through a quasi-experimental study in the spirit of the difference-in-differences method. The research subject includes states in which the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup were held between 2010 and 2016: Canada, South Africa, Great Britain, and Brazil. We found that there is no significant effect of hosting sports mega-events on economic growth.

scholarly journals What We Talk about When We Talk about Poverty: Culture and Welfare State Development in Britain, Denmark and France

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Cathie Martin ◽  
Tom Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
Welfare State Development ◽  
Political Agents ◽  
Cross National

Why did historical anti-poverty programs in Britain, Denmark and France differ so dramatically in their goals, beneficiaries and agents for addressing poverty? Different cultural views of poverty contributed to how policy makers envisioned anti-poverty reforms. Danish elites articulated social investments in peasants as necessary to economic growth, political stability and societal strength. British elites viewed the lower classes as a challenge to these goals. The French perceived the poor as an opportunity for Christian charity. Fiction writers are overlooked political agents who engage in policy struggles. Collectively, writers contribute to a country's distinctive ‘cultural constraint’, or symbols and narratives, which appears in the national-level aggregation of literature. To assess cross-national variations in cultural depictions of poverty, this article uses historical case studies and quantitative textual analyses of 562 British, 521 Danish and 498 French fictional works from 1770 to 1920.

scholarly journals Impact of drought on crime in California: A synthetic control approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0185629
Author(s):  
Dana E. Goin ◽  
Kara E. Rudolph ◽  
Jennifer Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Control Approach

scholarly journals The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19-related mortality: A generalized synthetic control approach across 169 countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mader ◽  
Tobias Rüttenauer
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background: Most governments have introduced various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in response to the pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since early 2020. While NPIs aim at avoiding fatalities related to COVID-19, the previous literature on their efficacy has focused on infections and on data of the first half of 2020. Still, findings of early NPI studies may be subject to underreporting and missing timeliness of reporting of cases. Moreover, the low variation in treatment timing during the first wave makes identification of robust treatment effects difficult.Methods: To circumvent problems of reporting and treatment variation, we analyse data on daily confirmed COVID-19-related deaths per capita from Our World in Data, and on 10 different NPIs from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for 169 countries from 1st July 2020 to 31st May 2021. To identify the causal effects of introducing NPIs on COVID-19-related confirmed fatalities per capita, we apply the generalized synthetic control (GSC) method to each NPI, while controlling for the remaining NPIs, weather conditions, vaccinations, and NPI-residualized COVID-19 cases.Findings: We do not find substantial and consistent mitigating effects of any NPI under investigation on COVID-19-related deaths per capita. We see a tentative change in the trend of COVID-19-related deaths around 30 days after workplace closing, public transport closing, and stay at home rules have been implemented, but none of them exerts a statistically significant effect.Interpretation: The study enhances the literature on the effectivity of NPIs with respect to the time frame, the number of countries, and the analytical approach. The results provide further guidance to judge the proportionality of NPIs.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE READINESS OF INDONESIAN PEOPLE AND REGULATIONS IN HANDLING FRAUD ON TECHNOLOGY EXPLOITATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mustika Prabaningrum Kusumawati ◽  
Ari Nur Rahman ◽  
Panzi Aulia Rahman ◽  
Henry Adrian Sumule ◽  
Endrojoyo Sigit Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Economic Growth Factors

The development of information technology has a big influence in supporting business continuity among producers, consumers, distributors, and financial service institutions. The development of Financial Technology (Fintech) has now become a trend in modern society that follows the current developments. The positive side of technological development, especially in supporting fast and smooth financial services, can actually create a large gap in the readiness of the use of technology in the industrial revolution 4.0. Without strong preparation, this will increasingly create a big gap in the formation of the Fintech technology-based fraud chain. This paper discusses how a qualitative research using the grounded research model can find out the use of recht vacuum loopholes to commit fraud in the exploitation of technology. In addition, it also encourages the establishment of a regulation that supports the creation of a healthy Fintech ecosystem which is the main key in increasing Indonesia's economic growth. Factors influencing the occurrence of fraud include the lack of public knowledge about how to transact using Fintech, the looseness of applicable regulations, the arrogance of Fintech consumer in utilizing bug software Fintech to get profit as much as possible without thinking about legal consequences, the arrogance of the Fintech company in minimizing the large risks that will occur, and not maximum formation of the Fintech ecosystem with other traditional financial service institutions. The situation is exacerbated by the unavailability of the Whistleblowing System (WBS) through a complaint channel specifically for Fintech. The establishment of the Fintech ecosystem, with the adoption of an anti-fraud system as one of the factors that drive Indonesia's economic growth, can be done by creating a technology-savvy community, especially Fintech; making an integrity pact to support anti-fraud and anti-money laundering among regulators, the Fintech association, and the Fintech companies at the time of making official registration with the regulator; Regulators need to get rid of egotism between institutions by synchronizing verbally or nonverbally through technology channels that are automatically integrated between state institutions and preparing special channels for whistleblower systems or consumer complaints channel specifically for Fintech.

scholarly journals A dinâmica da integração internacional das economias e o Brasil: um exercício teórico

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Eiiti Sato
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Since the exchange of goods, services, and capital became a worldwide system some nations have succeeded becoming wealthy and prosperous while many others have failed remaining in poverty. Over the last three decades the dynamism of the increasing integrated world economy became an essential part of the process of economic growth, and as a consequence growth has been meager in countries like Brazil whose authorities have remained systematically hesitant to integrate the domestic markets into the world economy, staying apart from the main flows of trade and capital. The article discusses also why economic development studies has moved from the field of Economy to the field of International Relations forming the area of International Political Economy studies which is mainly driven to understand the trends and changes in the relationship between the state institutions and the market forces in the national and international levels. The essay concludes that to any country the process of integrating into the world economy means exploring and improving national potentialities rather than abandoning national identity and interests. 

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