Email Analysis in Fraud Investigation: Digital Forensic and Network Analysis Approach

Email is an imperative method of communication that is changing the way people share their data and information. It provides effective and efficient communication, especially in business, convenience, and easy access and replication. Those electronic data should be considered by a fraud investigator to comprehend the investigation. Email can be divided into two parts: the head of the email and the email body. The head of the email is metadata that consists of unstructured data, and the body and its attachment consist of semi-structured data. The email data usually comes in large volumes and ranges of types. Therefore, a manual investigation of an email should be avoided. This paper uses the Design Science Research Methodology to discover the most profound framework in an email fraud investigation. Using email metadata and email body, this research performs a digital forensic framework: preparation, gathering, processing, and presentation, combines with social network analysis to be applicable in the investigation. The result shows that digital forensics process, network analysis, data visualization provides a more valuable and comprehensive insight into email analysis.

Analysis of Policy, Supervision and Control Functions Through the Level of Efficiency, Effectiveness and Activity of the Village Budget (Case Study in Dawuan Tengah Village, Karawang for the Period 2017-2019)

The purpose of this research is to determine the function of policy, supervision and control through the ratio of effectiveness level, efficiency level and activity level of Village Budget in Dawuan Tengah Village. The Village Budget Report was obtained from the Secretary of Dawuan Tengah Village. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. Processing the data analysis is done by means of the likert scale method and quantitative method by calculating the ratio of effectiveness level, efficiency level and activity level. Overall, it can be concluded that during a period of 3 years (2017-2019) the results and achievements of the village budget management have been very effective, very efficient and very maximal. The performance of the village government in allocating village fund budget is excellent. Village funds are able to make a better changes for Dawuan Tengah Village. The implementation of policy, supervision and control of the village budget is quite effective and efficient and all activities run very optimally so that there is no potential for fraud.

The Role of Independend Commisioners in Moderating the Effect of Profitability, Company Size and Company Risk on Tax Avoidance

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the the role of Independent Commissioners in moderating the effect of profitability, company size, and company risk on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2016-2018 with a total of 77 companies. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a total observation are of 231 firm-years. With multiple regression analysis, this research showed that the Company’s Profitability and Risk had a significant positive effect on Tax Avoidance, while Company Size did not have a significant effect on Tax Avoidance. The Independent Commissioners succeeded in weakening the positive influence of profitability and company risk on tax avoidance.This research succeeds in proving that as a component of the corporate governance mechanism, the Independent Commissioner has a role in supervising managerial decisions, including tax decision.

Exploring the ‘Free-Corruption Zone’ Award using the Theory of Change among the Indonesian National Police: A Case Study of Gowa Resort Police

The current study aimed to address the nature of the programme of the “Free-Corruption Zone” Award, and whether the competition lessened the corruption. The study employed a qualitative method using exploratory approach on Gowa Resort Police. The Gowa Resort Police was selected as it had already been granted the ‘Free-Corruption Zone’ Award twice. The collected data were interviews, legal regulations, and state documents. The evaluation were carried out by doingsurveys contain the supporting and field components. The results yield that the inadequency of socialisation occurred, and a deterioration became barriers to the success of the competition. Further, the study offered recommendations according to the diagnosis tree and the Theory of Change to be engaged later by the INP, the MABR, and other public sectors.

The Implementation of Fraud Risk Assessment and Anti-Fraud Strategy in Government Institution XYZ

Government Institution XYZ is one of the government institutions trying to build bureaucratic reform and minimize fraud risk. This study attempted to conduct a fraud risk assessment to identify, analyze, evaluate, and determine appropriate anti-fraud strategies to various fraud risk scenarios that may occur in Government Institution XYZ. The research was conducted qualitatively with a case study approach. The data were collected through document analysis, questionnaires, interviews, and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). Based on the FRA results, researchers identified thirteen fraud risk scenarios that organization needs to anticipate. Considering the organization’s risk appetite, there are two very high-level risk scenarios, four high-level risk scenarios, four medium-level risk scenarios, and three low-level risk scenarios among all of these risk scenarios. Several anti-fraud strategies need to be implemented to reduce fraud risk, including preventive, detective, and responsive strategies by optimizing existing and other relevant anti-fraud strategies.

Integrity, Religiosity, Gender: Factors Preventing on Academic Fraud

The purpose of this study is to explain and predict the effect of respondent integrity and religiosity in relation to the possibility of academic fraud, which is mostly done by students. The study was also supposed to look at the effect of gender on students’ academic fraud behavior. This study involved 102 accounting students from public universities in Malang, Indonesia. Researchers used survey methods to collect data, and data were analyzed by SPSS software using multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis. The findings of this study indicate that a lack of integrity and religion has a negative impact on the likelihood of academic fraud. This shows that students with higher levels of honesty and religion are less likely to commit academic fraud. While gender did not appear to have a substantial impact on the effect between integrity, religiosity, and the likelihood of academic cheating, both male and female students had similar levels of integrity and religiosity. The findings of this study will be useful for universities in formulating academic policies related to academic fraud prevention measures.

Analysis of the Effect of Sharia Compliance and Islamic Corporate Governance on Fraud in Islamic Banks in Indonesia 2017-2019

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the occurrence of fraud in Islamic banks in Indonesia. Measurement of fraud in Islamic banks is based on the number of internal frauds that occur in the financial year. The population in this study is Islamic banks in Indonesia for the period 2017-2019. The sample is selected using purposive sampling method and the number of samples obtained is 24 samples. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of financial reports and corporate governance reports. Data analysis is performed using classical assumption tests and regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that Islamic corporate governance has a significant effect on internal fraud in Islamic banks in Indonesia. Meanwhile, partially the profit sharing ratio and Islamic investment ratio do not have a significant effect on internal fraud in Islamic banks in Indonesia. Islamic banking must comply with accounting standards and Auditing Organizations for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) to minimize fraud in operations.

Supreme Audit Institution of Indonesia: Interference in it’s Independence

Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) is the Supreme Audit Institutionof Indonesia. As afull member ofInternational Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI), BPK is expected to abideby INTOSAI Framework of Professional Pronouncements (IFPP). IFPPcontains three categories of professional pronouncements which are principle, standard and guidance. All of themserve as a formal and authoritative announcement of the INTOSAI members. One of the most important and fundamental IFPP’s principle is the independence of SAI. SAI can only accomplish their tasks effectively and objectively if they are independent of the audited entity and are protected against anyinterference. This study discusses the implementation of IFPP’s principle ofthe independence of SAI byBPK, particularly on the aspect of independence to manage its own resources. The results of the study found that BPKhas not yet fully independent to manage itsown budget and audit staff.

Implementation of Regulatory and Supervisory Policy Authority in the Establishment of Internal SOP Against Credit Fraud in Indonesian Banking

Banking is one of the drivers and centers of a country's economy. Based on the authority they have, it is not surprising that the risk held by banks is very high. Therefore, banking is one of the business sectors that have very strict supervision. This paper discusses how the implementation of regulatory policy authorities applicable in Indonesia related to the establishment of internal banking Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in minimizing the potential for credit fraud and how internal and external supervisory authorities can become benchmarks in supporting the creation of anti-fraud policies, especially in credit fraud. There are two main factors that can create a potential credit fraud chain that leads to financial statement fraud: first, delays in updating regulatory policies; and second, ineffective and insensitive internal and external banking supervision. In addition, there needs to be a certain regulatory policy that deals with credit fraud, whether issued by the government, Bank Indonesia, OJK or internal Banking SOP itself.

Machine Learning Algorithms in Fraud Detection: Case Study on Retail Consumer Financing Company

This study aims to implement a machine learning algorithm in detecting fraud based on historical data set in a retail consumer financing company. The outcome of machine learning is used as samples for the fraud detection team. Data analysis is performed through data processing, feature selection, hold-on methods, and accuracy testing. There are five machine learning methods applied in this study: Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Historical data are divided into two groups: training data and test data. The results show that the Random Forest algorithm has the highest accuracy with a training score of 0.994999 and a test score of 0.745437. This means that the Random Forest algorithm is the most accurate method for detecting fraud. Further research is suggested to add more predictor variables to increase the accuracy value and apply this method to different financial institutions and different industries.