Palaeolithic Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. French
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Oriented Approach

In this book, Jennifer French presents a new synthesis of the archaeological, palaeoanthropological, and palaeogenetic records of the European Palaeolithic, adopting a unique demographic perspective on these first two-million years of European prehistory. Unlike prevailing narratives of demographic stasis, she emphasises the dynamism of Palaeolithic populations of both our evolutionary ancestors and members of our own species across four demographic stages, within a context of substantial Pleistocene climatic changes. Integrating evolutionary theory with a socially oriented approach to the Palaeolithic, French bridges biological and cultural factors, with a focus on women and children as the drivers of population change. She shows how, within the physiological constraints on fertility and mortality, social relationships provide the key to enduring demographic success. Through its demographic focus, French combines a 'big picture' perspective on human evolution with careful analysis of the day-to-day realities of European Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer communities—their families, their children, and their lives.

scholarly journals Above and below the surface: Genetic and cultural factors in the development of values

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dellantonio ◽  
Luigi Pastore ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Relational Values

AbstractIn the Attitude–Scenario–Emotion (ASE) model, social relationships are subpersonnally realized by sentiments: a network of emotions/attitudes representing relational values. We discuss how relational values differ from moral values and raise the issue of their ontogeny from genetic and cultural factors. Because relational values develop early in life, they cannot rely solely on cognition as suggested by the notion of attitude.

scholarly journals Population changes and characteristics of demographic processes in Tbilisi

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Giorgi Meladze ◽  
Nika Loladze
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Demographic Processes

At the beginning of the 1990s, as a result of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, an instant termination of economic relations that had existed for dozens of years took place in Georgia. Along with the armed conflicts in the regions of Tskhinvali and Abkhazia it has led to a full-fledged socio-economic and political crisis in Georgia. These unordinary events have had a great influence on the demographic processes at hand in Tbilisi. This article aims to establish the effects of the main socio-economic and cultural factors on population change and demographic processes in post-Soviet Tbilisi and offers prognosis on population change according to low, medium and high estimates for 2015–2030.

Gazing upon the Invisible: Women and Children at the Old Baton Rouge Penitentiary

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie H. Nobles
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Historic Document

AbstractThis research involves analysis of two works related to the same archaeological site. The archaeologists’ unconscious exclusion of information found in their scholarly report resulted in a public booklet that tells only part of the history of this site. A third historic document supplements this comparison and provides detailed information relevant to this analysis. Professional archaeologists interact with the public on multiple levels and their connections with education and curricula are established through their writings as well as more deliberate and obvious choices. Increasing levels of consciousness and recognition of responsibility to public education could result in more careful analysis of material culture, interpretation, and choices for all works involving archaeological sites. Foucault (in Gordon 1980) discussed the inclusion of hidden ruses and discourses about decisions, regulations, and strategies pertaining to particular institutions. Using the work of critical theorists, these issues are interwoven to examine this archaeological investigation with connections to the past through patterns that still pervade today.

A Systematic Review of the Socioeconomic Effects of Exposure to Political Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-124
Author(s):  
Sami H. Miaari ◽  
Amit Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Violent Conflicts

In violent political conflicts, the ways in which victims both are affected by and adapt to the harsh circumstances to which they are subjected vary. Academic literature suggests differences in the ways that men, women, and children react to political violence. The research covering the socioeconomic effects of conflict is considerable, but there has not yet been a systematic review that reveals the big picture. This chapter provides such an overview by exploring the differences in vulnerabilities of different members of the household exposed to political violence, and the main mechanisms through which violent conflicts affect them. Existing literature is reviewed on the effects of violent political conflicts on families, men, women, and children in the fields of earnings, employment, education, and child labor. Strong evidence is found that exposure to political violence has a significant negative effect on human capital and labor market outcomes but that it affects men, women, and children differently.

Children’s Everyday Lives Shadowed by Stalking: Postseparation Stalking Narratives of Finnish Children and Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nikupeteri ◽  
Merja Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women And Children

This qualitative study discusses postseparation stalking and its implications in children’s everyday lives. Based on narratives of 13 Finnish children and 20 women, the research fills a gap in the knowledge regarding the psychosocial, emotional, and physical impacts of stalking on children when their mothers are stalked by a former partner. It identifies four forms of impact: (a) an atmosphere of fear and feelings of insecurity; (b) disguised acts of stalking and the father’s performance of care, love, and longing; (c) exploitation of children in stalking; and (d) physical abuse, acts of violence, and threats of death. The findings indicate that stalking severely constrains children’s everyday lives and strengthens, yet often distorts, the mother–child bond. The study concludes that in cases where mothers are stalked, professionals in the social and health services, law enforcement, and criminal justice should view the children, too, as victims and construct supportive social relationships for women and children facing threatening life situations.

The Rescue of the Third Class on the Titanic

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gleicher
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

This work seeks to understand why a disproportionately large number of third class passengers, particularly women and children, died during the sinking of the Titanic in relation to the first and second classes. It examines the gender, class, social, and cultural factors that influenced this disparity. It aims to uncover both why and how five hundred and thirty one third class passengers died on the night of April 14th 1912. A key area of focus is the difficult relationship between the ship’s authorities and the men of the third class, and the extent to which this determined the fate of passengers during the rescue efforts. The introduction asks ‘Who were the third class passengers?’ and uses ethnic and economic backgrounds to suggest the third class belonged to the ‘Old Immigration’ wave of migrants, rather than the contemporary ‘New Immigration’ of the first and second. The first chapter concerns the exclusion of third class narratives in the ‘popular story’ of the Titanic. Chapters two through seven determine the whereabouts of the third class during every stage of evacuation, and flags the discrepancies in testimonies from both the British and American inquiries. Chapter eight provides a conclusion, which claims the ‘popular story’ includes a great many falsehoods with regard to the third class - including their treatment by crew, their behaviours, and their survival rates. The first appendix tables nationalities into regions; the second outlines the twenty routes to the lifeboats, as testified by one of the Titanic design architects; and the third provides deck plans for every level of the ship.

Singlewomen and Illicit Pregnancy in Late Medieval France

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-558
Author(s):  
Sara McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval France ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Moyen Âge ◽  
Moyen Age

Abstract This article examines the consequences of extramarital pregnancy for women in late medieval France. Pregnancy outside marriage is typically thought of as a disaster for women and children alike and for their families. However, careful analysis of records of royal pardon, other legal and prescriptive sources, and a wide range of other materials all suggests otherwise. The article demonstrates that, at least for some single mothers in late medieval France, illicit pregnancy did not necessarily mean disaster at all. Pregnant women could help themselves, and were helped by others. All this has important implications for our understanding of the regulation of sexuality and reproduction in late medieval France, and of the role of mercy in medieval justice. Cet article examine les conséquences des grossesses illicites pour les mères célibataires dans le Nord de la France à la fin du Moyen Age. La grossesse hors mariage est traditionnellement considérée comme une catastrophe pour les mères et les enfants, ainsi que pour leurs familles. Une analyse des documents relatifs à la grâce royale, d'autres sources juridiques et normatives et d'un large éventail d'autres documents suggère tout le contraire. L'article montre que, du moins pour certaines mères célibataires de la France médiévale tardive, une grossesse illicite ne signifie pas nécessairement une catastrophe. Les mères pouvaient s'aider elles-mêmes et étaient aidées par d'autres. Cette conclusion a des implications importantes pour la réglementation de la sexualité et de la reproduction, et pour le rôle de la miséricorde dans la justice médiévale.

In situ SAXS/XRD on mesoscopically ordered surfactant-silica mesophases; What can we learn?

2004 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Lindén ◽  
Cilaine V. Teixeira ◽  
Heinz Amenitsch ◽  
Viveka Alfredsson ◽  
Freddy Kleitz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Composite Formation ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

ABSTRACTIn situ investigations have proven to be a very useful means of understanding the different processes involved in the formation of mesoporous materials. In this communication, we demonstrate the potential of in situ small angle x-ray scattering, SAXS and x-ray diffraction, XRD, measurements for giving both qualitative and quantitative results on the structural evolution during the early stages of the surfactant-silicate composite formation. The examples given are based on results obtained for 2D hexagonal structures, synthesized both under acidic and alkaline conditions. Careful analysis of both the scattering and diffraction patterns allows the different stages of the formation to be described in some detail. Thus, new synthesis approaches can be foreseen that allow the structure of the final hybrid mesophase to be rationally controlled.

The Societal Impact of the World Wide Web - Key Challenges for the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Janice M. Burn ◽  
K.aren D. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Information Society ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Women And Children

In the first section we document the current state of information technology diffusion and connectivity, and related factors such as GDP, population density, and cultural attitudes. The second section examines more fully the question of who comprises the “haves” and the “have-nots” so frequently mentioned. Across and within country comparisons are made, noting in particular disadvantaged groups, urban vs. rural communities, and women and children as groups that are frequently forgotten, but who are vital to true transformation to a global information society. The third section offers some concrete suggestions as to how the Internet may be used to address the growing gap between those who have and those who don’t. We report some country examples which illustrate both the progress and the magnitude of the challenge as societies, governments, and other key change agents attempt to redress the problem. Finally, we make two observations. One is that for those who don’t have, there is little demand to have, as well. This is in large part explained by the second observation, which is that a multilevel complex challenge must be overcome in order to leverage technology-based services, such as offered by the Internet, as a sociological tool to reduce economic disparity. We challenge the reader to look inward for each one’s individual responsibility in this big picture.

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