scholarly journals Nut consumption in Spain and other countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S3-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Aranceta ◽  
Carmen Pérez Rodrigo ◽  
Ada Naska ◽  
Virginia Ruiz Vadillo ◽  
Antonia Trichopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

In countries of the Mediterranean region, nuts have been consumed in moderate quantities since ancient times. Epidemiological studies show lower risk of cardiovascular diseases in populations with frequent nut consumption, independent from other dietary components. This article assesses nut consumption in Spain and other countries using different sources of data collected at the country, household or individual levels. The per capita consumption of nuts in Spain in 2001 was 7·9 g/person/d. The varieties most widely consumed are walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts and peanuts. Results of the eVe study estimate an average nut consumption in the Spanish population aged 25–60 years of 3·3 g/person/d. No significant statistical differences were observed between men and women. Consumption is higher in men aged between 35 and 44 years (4·5 g/d) and in women aged between 45 and 54 years (3·5 g/d). In the population of 2–24 years, according to the enKid study, nut consumption is estimated at 4·9±18·5 g/person per d. The age group with the highest consumption is teenagers between 14 and 17 years. The northeastern, northern and eastern regions of Spain show the highest consumption. According to FAO balance sheets, in 2001, Lebanon (16·5 kg/person peryear) and Greece (11·9 kg/person per year) were the countries in the Mediterranean region with the highest consumption of nuts, followed by Spain (7·3 kg/person per year), Israel and Italy.

Estimation of the amount of dietary starch available to different populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bright-See ◽  
Vartouhi Jazmaji
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Total Starch

The daily per capita availability of dietary starch was estimated for 38 selected countries using food disappearance data from the FAO provisional food balance sheets (1972–1974 average); starch availability was also estimated for Canada from 1960 to 1987 using Agriculture Canada disappearance data. Total starch availability varies fourfold among the different countries; the availability of different sources of starch vary up to 80-fold. Wheat and roots–tubers were the major sources of starch in countries with low total starch availability. Either corn and pulses, rice and pulses, or wheat and potatoes were the major sources of starch in those countries with high total starch availability. Starch availability in Canada, both total and by source, has been relatively constant over the 27 years examined. Slight increases in total starch and starch from cereals and pulses in 1987 will need to be followed to determine whether these represent the beginning of a real change in per capita starch availability.Key words: starch, availability.

Cockleburs

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Mitich
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
North American ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Far East ◽  
North American Indians ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Mediterranean

Although the word “xanthium” may conjure up visions of the exotic Far East, it is the generic name of spiny cocklebur (Xanthium spinosum L. #3 XANSP) and common cocklebur (X. strumarium L. # XANST). A familiar weed of fields and roadsides, cocklebur may have originated in the Mediterranean region and has plagued farmers and shepherds since Biblical times. Common cocklebur was considered a beneficient herb in ancient times. Its roots, seeds, and leaves were used as a diuretic and as a tonic to purify the blood. North American Indians used the leaves of spiny cocklebur to counteract hydrophobia.

Use of cisterns during antiquity in the Mediterranean region for water resources sustainability

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Water Proofing ◽  
Water Resources Sustainability

From the early civilizations people in arid and semi-arid regions have relied on collecting or ‘harvesting’ surface water from rainfall and storing the water in human-made reservoirs or ‘cisterns.’ The storage of rainwater runoff has been constructed in the entire region around the Mediterranean and the Near East since the 3rd millennium bc. Not only were cisterns used to store rainfall runoff they were also used to store aqueduct water to allow for seasonal variations in the supply. Cisterns during ancient times ranged from the construction of irregular shaped holes (tanks) dug out of sand and loose rock, and then lined with plaster (stucco) water proofing, to the construction of rather sophisticated structures such as those built by the Romans and Byzantines. The primary objective herein is to provide a review of the use of cisterns by ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean region, and to relate the use of these cisterns to water resources sustainability of the past and the present, outlining the lessons learned.

scholarly journals Demand for Selected Animal Sourced Protein Food Items in United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Kazi Tamim Rahman ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
M. Salauddin Palash
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

AbstractConsumers’ preference for food is ever-changing from carbohydrate to protein since protein plays a vital role in the balanced and healthy growth of human being. Among different sources of protein, animal sourced protein foods are getting popularity over time in United States. How demand for animal sourced protein food items are changing, and to be specific which animal food items are preferred by consumers are necessary to know both for producers and suppliers. This study estimates consumer demand for animal sourced food items in U.S. employing linear approximation of AIDS (LA-AIDS) model. Monthly per capita consumption expenditure data on aggregate and disaggregate animal protein items and price indices at national level from 1995 to 2016 have been collected from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of United States. The data consists of monthly per capita consumption expenditure on beef and veal, pork, other meats, poultry, and fish and seafood, and their price indices. The result shows exogenous growth in the budget share of all meat items. Estimated expenditure and cross price elasticities suggest that all goods are normal in nature and substitute to each other. In addition, weak separability test suggests that meat items are separable from non-meat items. The findings of the study would be helpful understanding consumer preferences and behavior for allocating budget among different sources of animal protein.

scholarly journals Diuretic Plants Cited in the “Moretum” Poem from the Appendix Vergiliana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. pocj.5000205
Author(s):  
Luigi Iorio ◽  
Natale Gaspare De Santo ◽  
Giovanni Aliotta
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Nutritional Balance ◽  
Ancient Texts

The authors first deal with the poor man's diet in ancient times, considering the moretum a short poem of the Appendix Vergiliana (Ist century BC) that describes in detail the making of a focaccia by the farmer Simulo. Then, they compare the Moretum with the guidelines reported in ancient texts such as the Bible and Flos Medicinae or Regimen Sanitatis Salerni (13th century), a manual of practical medicine that describes all the rules that help us live a healthy life, with the human body as a harmonic part of all Creation. Finally, modern aspects are discussed. Core tip: Nutritional balance has been associated with some ancient diuretic plants of the Mediterranean Region used for making the focaccia known as moretum.

Market Analysis of the Per Capita Consumption of Smoke Condensate and Nicotine in the Federal Republic of Germany Between 1961 – 1970/Trendanalysen zum Problem des Verbrauches an Nikotin und Rauchkondensat in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die Jahre 1961-1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Misfeld ◽  
J. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bundesrepublik Deutschland ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

AbstractOn the basis of numerous research results and data on the development of nicotine and condensate contents of German cigarettes, of their respective shares in the market, the smoked length of cigarettes, and of the pro capita consumption of cigarettes in the Federal Republic of Germany, an estimate has been prepared on the yearly pro capita consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic covering the years 1961-1970. The values for 1961 amount to 40.2 g of smoke condensate (crude) and to 2.04 g of nicotine. The values for 1970 are found to be only 29.4 g and 1.63 g respectively. That means that the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic has decreased during the last ten years. The share of smokers having remained almost the same, the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine per smoker is, as well, found to have decreased by about 27 % and 20 % respectively during the years between 1961 and 1970 despite an increased cigarette consumption.

Existing areas and past changes of wetland extent in the Mediterranean region: an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Perennou ◽  
Coralie Beltrame ◽  
Anis Guelmami ◽  
Pere Tomàs Vives ◽  
Pierre Caessteker
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Wetland Extent ◽  
The Mediterranean
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