Estimation of the amount of dietary starch available to different populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bright-See ◽  
Vartouhi Jazmaji
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Total Starch

The daily per capita availability of dietary starch was estimated for 38 selected countries using food disappearance data from the FAO provisional food balance sheets (1972–1974 average); starch availability was also estimated for Canada from 1960 to 1987 using Agriculture Canada disappearance data. Total starch availability varies fourfold among the different countries; the availability of different sources of starch vary up to 80-fold. Wheat and roots–tubers were the major sources of starch in countries with low total starch availability. Either corn and pulses, rice and pulses, or wheat and potatoes were the major sources of starch in those countries with high total starch availability. Starch availability in Canada, both total and by source, has been relatively constant over the 27 years examined. Slight increases in total starch and starch from cereals and pulses in 1987 will need to be followed to determine whether these represent the beginning of a real change in per capita starch availability.Key words: starch, availability.

scholarly journals Nut consumption in Spain and other countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S3-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Aranceta ◽  
Carmen Pérez Rodrigo ◽  
Ada Naska ◽  
Virginia Ruiz Vadillo ◽  
Antonia Trichopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

In countries of the Mediterranean region, nuts have been consumed in moderate quantities since ancient times. Epidemiological studies show lower risk of cardiovascular diseases in populations with frequent nut consumption, independent from other dietary components. This article assesses nut consumption in Spain and other countries using different sources of data collected at the country, household or individual levels. The per capita consumption of nuts in Spain in 2001 was 7·9 g/person/d. The varieties most widely consumed are walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts and peanuts. Results of the eVe study estimate an average nut consumption in the Spanish population aged 25–60 years of 3·3 g/person/d. No significant statistical differences were observed between men and women. Consumption is higher in men aged between 35 and 44 years (4·5 g/d) and in women aged between 45 and 54 years (3·5 g/d). In the population of 2–24 years, according to the enKid study, nut consumption is estimated at 4·9±18·5 g/person per d. The age group with the highest consumption is teenagers between 14 and 17 years. The northeastern, northern and eastern regions of Spain show the highest consumption. According to FAO balance sheets, in 2001, Lebanon (16·5 kg/person peryear) and Greece (11·9 kg/person per year) were the countries in the Mediterranean region with the highest consumption of nuts, followed by Spain (7·3 kg/person per year), Israel and Italy.

scholarly journals Less than half of the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption are satisfied by national seafood supplies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Lofstedt ◽  
Baukje de Roos ◽  
Paul G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Purpose To review the seafood dietary recommendations of European countries and compare them to national seafood supplies. Methods Current seafood dietary recommendations were collated from national health authorities across Europe. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAO, and appropriate conversion factors were applied to each seafood commodity. Average net per capita seafood supplies from 2007 to 2017 were derived from data on imports and production for food from both capture fisheries and aquaculture, accounting for exports. Results Both national dietary recommendations and seafood supplies varied considerably throughout Europe. At a national level, on a per capita basis, only 13 out of the 31 of European dietary recommendations for fish consumption were satisfied by national seafood supplies. Most of the countries with coastal access, as well as those with traditional fish-eating cultures, such as France and countries in Northern Europe, had adequate seafood supplies to meet their recommendations. The landlocked countries of Central and Eastern Europe did not have enough seafood supplies to satisfy their recommendations. Conclusions Our findings emphasise the need to not only consider consumer health outcomes when developing and advocating dietary recommendations, but also the sustainability of food production systems. As many foods are not necessarily locally sourced but traded as part of global production and distribution systems, it is important to consider greater consistency between national dietary recommendations to facilitate more sustainable marine food systems.

Evaluation of the three different sources of dietary starch in an extruded feed for juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 736242
Author(s):  
Seong-Mok Jeong ◽  
Sanaz Khosravi ◽  
Sang Yoon Lee ◽  
Kang-Woong Kim ◽  
Bong-Joo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Extruded Feed ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Olive Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in Barbados: trends in macronutrient supply from 1961 to 2003

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sheehy ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Per Capita

Barbados has been experiencing increasing rates of obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases characteristic of a country in nutrition transition. However, few studies have been carried out on how precisely the diet has changed in recent decades. Our aim was to analyse the FAO food balance sheets for Barbados from 1961 to 2003 in order to characterise the changes that have taken place in the macronutrient supply of the country during that period. Annual food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAOSTAT database, and per capita supply for twelve commodity groupings was analysed for energy and macronutrient levels using WISP dietary analysis software (Tinuviel Software, Llanfechell, Anglesey, UK). The food supply in 2003 provided over 2500 kJ (about 600 kcal) more energy per capita per d than it did in 1961. Energy from carbohydrate as a percentage of total energy has fallen from 70 % in 1961 to 57 % in 2003 and is now at the lower end of WHO recommendations. Energy from fat as a percentage of total energy increased from 19 % to 28 % and now lies at the upper end of WHO recommendations. Sugars, at over 17 % of dietary energy, are well above the upper limit set by the WHO. Despite having methodological limitations associated with the use of food balance statistics, our data suggest that these imbalances need to be addressed as a matter of priority in order to try to reverse the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases that are projected to cause increasing disability and premature death in the country in the coming years.

scholarly journals Current World Supplies of and Requirements for Essential Amino Acids

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hoshiai Kazuo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Amino Acid Data ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Food Commodities

Correlations of GDP per capita per year with total protein supplies per capita per day and animal-protein ratios were computed by pooling data prom 164 countries. Average supplies for 1972–1974, 1975–1977, 1979–1981, and 1984–1986 were determined from FAO food balances sheets. Essential amino acid (EAA) supplies by country were computed using amino acid data for food commodities shown in FAO food balance sheets and other data. The EAA requirements for the four periods were estimated by country. When the latest amino acid requirement estimates are used, lysine is the limiting amino acid in all predominantly cereal diets.

scholarly journals The growing Canadian energy gap: more the can than the couch?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2216-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Slater ◽  
Christopher G Green ◽  
Gustaaf Sevenhuysen ◽  
Barry Edginton ◽  
John O’Neil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Gap ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Food Commodities

AbstractObjectiveThe present study describes the trajectory of the energy gap (energy imbalance) in the Canadian population from 1976 to 2003, its temporal relationship to adult obesity, and estimates the relative contribution of energy availability and expenditure to the energy gap. It also assesses which foods contributed the most to changes in available energy over the study period.DesignAnnual estimates of the energy gap were derived by subtracting population-adjusted per capita daily estimated energy requirements (derived from Dietary Reference Intakes) from per capita daily estimated energy available (obtained from food balance sheets). Food balance sheets were used to assess which foods contributed to changes in energy availability. Adult obesity rates were derived from six national surveys. The relationship to the energy gap was assessed through regression analysis.ResultsBetween 1976 and 2003, per capita daily estimated energy availability increased by 18 % (1744 kJ), and increased energy availability was the major driver of the increased energy gap. Salad oils, wheat flour, soft drinks and shortening accounted for the majority of the net increase in energy availability. Adult obesity was significantly correlated with the energy gap over the study period.ConclusionsThe widening energy gap is being driven primarily by increased energy availability. The food commodities driving the widening energy gap are major ingredients in many energy-dense convenience foods, which are being consumed with increasing frequency in Canada. Policies to address population obesity must have a strong nutritional focus with the objective of decreasing energy consumption at the population level.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Innovation Investment Support on SME Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Grzegorz Mentel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Eu Structural Funds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Research Show

This article examines financial support (especially EU Structural Funds as the main tool of cohesion policy) for investments as a lever for the development of SME innovativeness in Poland. The European Commission strongly stresses the importance of their cohesion policy and support for SMEs. European enterprises have suffered significantly from the credit crunch, and the situation could worsen as banks engage in restructuring to eliminate impaired assets from their balance sheets. Supporting SMEs and promoting entrepreneurship is essential for economic development and competitiveness, especially in less developed regions. The main aim of this study is to establish the impact of financial support for investments, especially from EU Structural Funds, on SME competitiveness in Poland. We have analyzed empirically the data drawn from CATI carried out among 805 firms. We have learned how SMEs assess the financial support from different sources along with the resulting impact on the competitiveness of SMEs. The main statistical test for relationships and dependencies was the chi-square independence test and Cramer’s V. The results of our research show that SMEs have not used financial support efficiently. Moreover, micro-enterprises were shown to be the least effective after receiving financial support from EU funds. This support often has a demand-driven effect, but it does not improve firm competitiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of Starch on Oral Health: Systematic Review to Inform WHO Guideline

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Halvorsrud ◽  
J. Lewney ◽  
D. Craig ◽  
P.J. Moynihan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Quality Evidence ◽  
Total Starch

A systematic review was conducted to update evidence on the effect of total dietary starch and of replacing rapidly digestible starches (RDSs) with slowly digestible starches (SDSs) on oral health outcomes to inform updating of World Health Organization guidance on carbohydrate intake. Data sources included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, and Wanfang. Eligible studies were comparative and reported any intervention with a different starch content of diets or foods and data on oral health outcomes relating to dental caries, periodontal disease, or oral cancer. Studies that reported total dietary starch intake or change in starch intake were included or where comparisons or exposure included diets and foods that compared RDSs and/or SDSs. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) statement, and evidence was assessed with the GRADE Working Group guidelines. From 6,080 papers identified, 33 (28 studies) were included in the RDS versus SDS comparison: 15 (14 studies) assessed the relationship between SDS and/or RDS and dental caries; 16 (12 studies) considered oral cancer; and 2 studied periodontal disease. For total starch, 23 papers (22 studies) were included: 22 assessed the effects on dental caries, and 1 considered oral cancer. GRADE assessment indicated low-quality evidence, suggesting no association between total starch intake and caries risk but that RDS intake may significantly increase caries risk. Very low-quality evidence suggested no association between total starch and oral cancer risk, and low-quality evidence suggested that SDS decreases oral cancer risk. Data on RDS and oral cancer risk were inconclusive. Very low-quality data relating to periodontitis suggested a protective effect of whole grain starches (SDS). The best available evidence suggests that only RDS adversely affects oral health.

scholarly journals Does reducing food losses and wastes in sub-Saharan Africa make economic sense?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerta Aragie ◽  
Jean Balié ◽  
Cristian MoralesOpazo
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

Reducing food losses and waste (FLW) is one of the sustainable ways of closing the food requirement gap in developing countries. However, there is not yet adequate knowledge on the extent of FLW by commodity type and stage of the food supply chain (FSC). Focusing on ten agrarian countries in Africa and building mainly on the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Food Balance Sheets (FBSs), this study generates some new insights on the level of FLW by country, FSC and food type. Across the FSC, we find that these countries lose a cumulative amount equivalent to 28% (641 kilocalories per capita per day – kcal/cap/day) of the current calorie intake. Within the FSC, the production and post-harvest handling stages contribute the greater shares of the total losses with 38% or 244 kcal/cap/day and 34% or 218 kcal/cap/day, respectively. Our results also show that farm incomes would increase by 20% if the avoidable losses and waste were recovered. These results are troublesome given the level of poverty and food insecurity in these countries and suggest inefficient and unsustainable use of natural resources (water and cropland) associated with the FSC losses.

Causes of Growth of MENA and East European Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 293-350
Author(s):  
Milenko Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Capital Account Liberalization ◽  
East European ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Different Sources

This chapter provides comparative analysis of the proximate causes of growth of MENA and East European countries. The first section covers comparative sources of growth analysis for GDP. Apart from this conventional sources-of-growth analysis, both the demand and the industry side decomposition of the GDP growth rate is briefly given here too. In the demand side of the sources-of-growth analysis, special attention is devoted to the issue of the level of capital account liberalization and its influence on growth anatomy. Connected with this is the issue of industry / sectors side sources-of-growth analysis. The second section covers comparative source-of-growth analysis for GDP per capita as an approximation of growth of standard of living. The results of the above mentioned different sources-of-growth approaches present a good basis for further research of fundamental causes of growth of these countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document