Regional-scale volcanology in support of site-specific investigations

2010 ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Site Specific

scholarly journals Overview of Selected Multivariate Statistical Methods and Their Use in Phytopathological Research

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To disentangle the nature of a pathosystem or a component of the system such as disease epidemics for descriptive or predictive purposes, mensuration is conducted on several variables of the physical and chemical environment, pathogenic populations, and host plants. For instance, it may be desired to (i) distinguish pathogenic variation among several isolates of a pathogen based on disease severity; (ii) identify the most important variables that characterize the structure of an epidemic; and (iii) assess the potential of developing regional scale versus site-specific postmanagement schemes using weather and site variation. In all these cases, a simultaneous handling of several variables is required, and entails the use of multivariate statistics such as discriminant analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, correspondence analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. These tools have been used to varying degree in the phytopathological literature. A succinct overview of these tools is presented with cited examples.

Wildlife habitat selection on landscapes with industrial disturbance

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOGDAN CRISTESCU ◽  
GORDON B. STENHOUSE ◽  
MARC SYMBALUK ◽  
SCOTT E. NIELSEN ◽  
MARK S. BOYCE
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Animal Populations

SUMMARYTechnological advancements in remote sensing and telemetry provide opportunities for assessing the effects of expanding extractive industries on animal populations. Here, we illustrate the applicability of resource selection functions (RSFs) for modelling wildlife habitat selection on industrially-disturbed landscapes. We used grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) from a threatened population in Canada and surface mining as a case study. RSF predictions based on GPS radiocollared bears (nduring mining = 7; npost mining = 9) showed that males and solitary females selected areas primarily outside mineral surface leases (MSLs) during active mining, and conversely inside MSLs after mine closure. However, females with cubs selected areas within compared to outside MSLs irrespective of mining activity. Individual variability was pronounced, although some environmental- and human-related variables were consistent across reproductive classes. For males and solitary females, regional-scale RSFs yielded comparable results to site-specific models, whereas for females with cubs, modelling the two scales produced divergent results. While mine reclamation may afford opportunities for bear persistence, managing public access will likely decrease the risk of human-caused bear mortality. RSFs are powerful tools that merit widespread use in quantitative and visual investigations of wildlife habitat selection on industrially-modified landscapes, using Geographic Information System layers that precisely characterize site-specific conditions.

The Hydrogeologic Environment for a Proposed Deep Geologic Repository in Canada for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Sykes ◽  
Stefano D. Normani ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Mark R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Ordovician Limestone ◽  
Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
The Impact

A Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) for low and intermediate level radioactive waste has been proposed by Ontario Power Generation for the Bruce nuclear site in Ontario, Canada. As proposed the DGR would be constructed at a depth of about 680 m below ground surface within the argillaceous Ordovician limestone of the Cobourg Formation. This paper describes the hydrogeology of the DGR site developed through both site characterization studies and regional-scale numerical modelling analysis. The analysis provides a framework for the assembly and integration of the site-specific geoscientific data and examines the factors that influence the predicted long-term performance of the geosphere barrier. Flow system evolution was accomplished using both the density-dependent FRAC3DVS-OPG flow and transport model and the two-phase gas and water flow computational model TOUGH2-MP. In the geologic framework of the Province of Ontario, the DGR is located on the eastern flank of the Michigan Basin. Borehole logs covering Southern Ontario combined with site-specific data from 6 deep boreholes have been used to define the structural contours and hydrogeologic properties at the regional-scale of the modelled 31 sedimentary strata that may be partially present above the Precambrian crystalline basement rock. The regional-scale domain encompasses an approximately 18500km2 region extending from Lake Huron to Georgian Bay. The groundwater zone below the Devonian includes units containing stagnant water having high concentrations of total dissolved solids that can exceed 300g/L. The Ordovician sediments are significantly under-pressured. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the Cobourg limestone is estimated to be 2 × 10−14 m/s based on straddle-packer hydraulic tests. The low advective velocities in the Cobourg and other Ordovician units result in solute transport that is diffusion dominant with Peclet numbers less than 0.003 for a characteristic length of unity. Long-term simulations that consider future glaciation scenarios include the impact of ice thickness and permafrost. Solute transport in the Ordovician limestone and shale was diffusion dominant in all simulations. The Salina formations of the Upper Silurian prevented the deeper penetration of basal meltwater.

scholarly journals Impacts of Spatial Zonation Schemes on Yield Potential Estimates at the Regional Scale

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Fen Huang ◽  
Wenjun Zuo ◽  
Yongchao Tian ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Spatial Zonation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Crop Growth Models

Simulations based on site-specific crop growth models have been widely used to obtain regional yield potential estimates for food security assessments at the regional scale. By dividing a region into nonoverlapping basic spatial units using appropriate zonation schemes, the data required to run a crop growth model can be reduced, thereby improving the simulation efficiency. In this study, we explored the impacts of different zonation schemes on estimating the regional yield potential of the Chinese winter wheat area to obtain the most appropriate spatial zonation scheme of weather sites therein. Our simulated results suggest that the upscaled site-specific yield potential is affected by the zonation scheme and by the spatial distribution of sites. As such, the distribution of a small number of sites significantly affected the simulated regional yield potential under different zonation schemes, and the zonation scheme based on sunshine duration clustering zones could effectively guarantee the simulation accuracy at the regional scale. Using the most influential environmental variable of crop growth models for clustering can get the better zonation scheme to upscale the site-specific simulation results. In contrast, a large number of sites had little effect on the regional yield potential simulation results under the different zonation schemes.

scholarly journals Rice Pest Constraints in Tropical Asia: Characterization of Injury Profiles in Relation to Production Situations

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Savary ◽  
Laetitia Willocquet ◽  
Francisco A. Elazegui ◽  
Paul S. Teng ◽  
Pham Van Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cropping Practices

A protocol for characterizing patterns of rice cropping practices and injuries due to pathogens, insects, and weeds was developed and used in six sites in tropical Asia covering a wide range of environments where lowland rice is cultivated. The data collected in a total population of 456 individual farmers' fields were combined to site-specific weather data and analyzed using non-parametric multivariate techniques: cluster analyses with chi-square distance and correspondence analyses. The main results are: (i) patterns of cropping practices that are common across sites can be identified; (ii) conversely, injury profiles that are common across sites can be determined; (iii) patterns of cropping practices and injury profiles are strongly associated at the regional scale; (iv) weather patterns are strongly associated with patterns of cropping practices and injury profiles; (v) patterns of cropping practices and injury profiles allow for a good description of the variation in actual yield; and (vi) patterns of cropping practices and injury profiles provide a framework that accurately reflects weather variation and site diversity, and reliably accounts for variation in yield. The mean estimated yield across sites (4.12 t ha-1) corresponds to commonly cited averages in the region and indicates the potential for increased productivity with better management practices, especially an improved water supply. Injuries due to pests are secondary compared with other yield-limiting factors. Injury profiles were dominated by stem rot and sheath blight (IN1); bacterial leaf blight, plant hoppers, and leaf folder (IN2); and sheath rot, brown spot, leaf blast, and neck blast (IN3). IN1 was associated with high (mineral) fertilizer inputs, long fallow periods, low pesticide use, and good water management in (mostly) transplanted rice crops of a rice-rice rotation. IN2 was associated with direct-seeded rice crops in an intensive rice-rice rotation, where fertilizer and pesticide inputs are low and water management is poor, or where fertilizer and pesticide inputs are high and water management is adequate. IN3 corresponds to low input, labor intensive (hand weeding and transplanting) rice crops in a diverse rotation system with uncertain water supply. Weed infestation was an omnipresent constraint. This study shows the potential for developing pest management strategies that can be adapted throughout the region, rather than being site-specific.

scholarly journals Sediments and the “System”: from site-specific to regional-scale research

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Salomons ◽  
Ulrich Förstner
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Site Specific

SENSITIVITY MAPPING WORLDWIDE: HARMONIZATION AND THE NEEDS OF DIFFERENT USER GROUPS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Jenifer M. Baker ◽  
Mark Spalding ◽  
Jon Moore
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
Prospective User ◽  
Sensitivity Maps

ABSTRACT Prospective user groups of sensitivity maps for oil spill response have a variety of needs related to different categories of oil spill, ranging from localized tier 1 spills at fixed installations (such as oil terminals) to catastrophic tier 3 spills. The latter may affect large areas and possibly more than one country. Uses of maps range from planning practical site-specific shore cleanup to strategic planning on a regional scale for “passing ship” scenarios in remote areas. The paper discusses different map types, map scales, categories of information to be included, and symbology, bearing in mind the requirements of different users. Reference is made to international examples. A considerable degree of harmonization of approach for sensitivity maps worldwide can be achieved. However, given that resources can vary tremendously from one region to another, it seems better to promote a broad consistency with respect to symbology rather than an exhaustively detailed scheme to cover every possible resource worldwide.

scholarly journals A coastal transect of McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) snow and firn: marine and terrestrial influences on glaciochemistry

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (183) ◽  
pp. 681-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Williamson ◽  
K.J. Kreutz ◽  
P.A. Mayewski ◽  
N.A.N. Bertler ◽  
S. Sneed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Specific Factors

Samples of snow and firn from accumulation zones on Clark, Commonwealth, Blue and Victoria Upper Glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (∼77–78º S, 161–164º E), Antarctica, are evaluated chemically and isotopically to determine the relative importance of local (site-specific) factors vs regional-scale influences in defining glaciochemistry. Spatial variation in snow and firn chemistry confirms documented trends within individual valleys regarding major-ion deposition relative to elevation and to distance from the coast. Sodium and methylsulfonate (MS–), for example, follow a decreasing gradient with distance from the coast along the axis of Victoria Valley (350–119 µg L−1 for Na+; 33–14 µg L−1 for MS–); a similar pattern exists between Commonwealth and Newall Glaciers in the Asgaard Range. When comparing major-ion concentrations (e.g. Na+, MS−, Ca2+) or trace metals (e.g. Al, Fe) among different valleys, however, site-specific exposures to marine and local terrestrial chemical sources play a dominant role. Because chemical signals at all sites respond to particulates with varying mixtures of marine and terrestrial sources, each of these influences on site glaciochemistry must be considered when drawing temporal climate inferences on regional scales.

scholarly journals Site-specific to local-scale shallow landslides triggering zones assessment using TRIGRS

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bordoni ◽  
C. Meisina ◽  
R. Valentino ◽  
M. Bittelli ◽  
S. Chersich
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Landslide Triggering

Abstract. Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are common phenomena in many parts of the world, affecting cultivation and infrastructure and sometimes causing human losses. Assessing the triggering zones of shallow landslides is fundamental for land planning at different scales. This work defines a reliable methodology to extend a slope stability analysis from the site-specific to local scale by using a well-established physically based model (TRIGRS-unsaturated). The model is initially applied to a sample slope and then to the surrounding 13.4 km2 area in Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy). To obtain more reliable input data for the model, long-term hydro-meteorological monitoring has been carried out at the sample slope, which has been assumed to be representative of the study area. Field measurements identified the triggering mechanism of shallow failures and were used to verify the reliability of the model to obtain pore water pressure trends consistent with those measured during the monitoring activity. In this way, more reliable trends have been modelled for past landslide events, such as the April 2009 event that was assumed as a benchmark. The assessment of shallow landslide triggering zones obtained using TRIGRS-unsaturated for the benchmark event appears good for both the monitored slope and the whole study area, with better results when a pedological instead of geological zoning is considered at the regional scale. The sensitivity analyses of the influence of the soil input data show that the mean values of the soil properties give the best results in terms of the ratio between the true positive and false positive rates. The scheme followed in this work allows us to obtain better results in the assessment of shallow landslide triggering areas in terms of the reduction in the overestimation of unstable zones with respect to other distributed models applied in the past.

Hydrogeologic Modelling in Support of a Proposed Deep Geologic Repository in Canada for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Sykes ◽  
Stefano D. Normani ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Eric A. Sykes ◽  
Mark R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

A Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) for Low and Intermediate Level radioactive waste has been proposed by Ontario Power Generation for the Bruce Nuclear Power Development site in Ontario, Canada. The DGR is to be constructed at a depth of about 680 m below ground surface within the argillaceous Ordovician limestone of the Cobourg Formation. This paper describes a regional-scale geologic conceptual model for the DGR site and analyzes flow system evolution using the FRAC3DVS-OPG flow and transport model. This provides a framework for the assembly and integration of site-specific geoscientific data that explains and illustrates the factors that influence the predicted long-term performance of the geosphere barrier. In the geologic framework of the Province of Ontario, the Bruce DGR is located at the eastern edge of the Michigan Basin. Borehole logs covering Southern Ontario combined with site specific data have been used to define the structural contours at the regional and site scale of the 31 sedimentary strata that may be present above the Precambrian crystalline basement rock. The regional-scale domain encompasses an 18.500km2 region extending from Lake Huron to Georgian Bay. The groundwater zone below the Devonian is characterized by units containing stagnant water having high concentrations of total dissolved solids that can exceed 300g/l. The computational sequence involves the calculation of steady-state density independent flow that is used as the initial condition for the determination of pseudo-equilibrium for a density dependent flow system that has an initial TDS distribution developed from observed data. Long-term simulations that consider future glaciation scenarios include the impact of ice thickness and permafrost. The selection of the performance measure used to evaluate a groundwater system is important. The traditional metric of average water particle travel time is inappropriate for geologic units such as the Ordovician where solute transport is diffusion dominant. The use of life expectancy and groundwater age is a more appropriate metric for such a system. The mean life expectancy for the DGR and base case parameters has been estimated to be in excess of 8 million years.

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