Germplasm diversity and genetics to drive plant breeding for Africa

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Wayne Powell ◽  
Tina Barsby
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Germplasm Diversity

scholarly journals Evaluations and Plant Descriptors of New Collections of Lesquerella fendleri

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 814A-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Dierig ◽  
Anson E. Thompson ◽  
Terry A. Coffelt ◽  
Stacy E. Arnold ◽  
Gail H. Dahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri ◽  
The Past ◽  
Germplasm Diversity ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
Oil Characteristics ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Seed Increase

Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. (Brassicaceae) is a potential oilseed crop with many commercial applications, primarily as lubricant additives, but also in resins, waxes, plastics, and cosmetics. This species is native to the southwestern United States where new populations have been collected over the past 2 years to increase germplasm diversity for plant breeding. Some of these new accessions were evaluated and seeds increased at Phoenix, Ariz., over the 1994–95 season. Measurements of stand establishment; plant height and width; leaf, shoot, and flower characteristics; and growth habit were taken over the season. Plants were also examined for autofertility and male sterility. Seed-oil characteristics, seed size and yield, glucosinalate content, and seedcoat gum content will be measured at harvest. Plant descriptors for Lesquerella have been developed as a result of these measurements. Following seed increase, germplasm will be entered into the National Plant Germplasm System. This information will be useful in determining the most promising material for plant breeding.

scholarly journals Predicting the future of plant breeding: complementing empirical evaluation with genetic prediction

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Cooper ◽  
Carlos D. Messina ◽  
Dean Podlich ◽  
L. Radu Totir ◽  
Andrew Baumgarten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Germplasm Diversity

For the foreseeable future, plant breeding methodology will continue to unfold as a practical application of the scaling of quantitative biology. These efforts to increase the effective scale of breeding programs will focus on the immediate and long-term needs of society. The foundations of the quantitative dimension will be integration of quantitative genetics, statistics, gene-to-phenotype knowledge of traits embedded within crop growth and development models. The integration will be enabled by advances in quantitative genetics methodology and computer simulation. The foundations of the biology dimension will be integrated experimental and functional gene-to-phenotype modelling approaches that advance our understanding of functional germplasm diversity, and gene-to-phenotype trait relationships for the native and transgenic variation utilised in agricultural crops. The trait genetic knowledge created will span scales of biology, extending from molecular genetics to multi-trait phenotypes embedded within evolving genotype–environment systems. The outcomes sought and successes achieved by plant breeding will be measured in terms of sustainable improvements in agricultural production of food, feed, fibre, biofuels and other desirable plant products that meet the needs of society. In this review, examples will be drawn primarily from our experience gained through commercial maize breeding. Implications for other crops, in both the private and public sectors, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Insights into Marker Assisted Selection and Its Applications in Plant Breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Kumawat ◽  
Chander Kanta Kumawat ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
Saurabh Pandey ◽  
Subhash Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Germplasm Diversity

Burgeoning the human population with its required food demand created a burden on ever-decreasing cultivated land and our food production systems. This situation prompted plant scientists to breed crops in a short duration with specific traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has emerged as a potential tool to achieve desirable results in plants with the help of molecular markers and improves the traits of interest in a short duration. The MAS has comprehensively been used in plant breeding to characterize germplasm, diversity analysis, trait stacking, gene pyramiding, multi-trait introgression, and genetic purity of different cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and fiber crops, etc. Mapping studies pointed out several marker-trait associations from different crop species, which specifies the potential application of MAS in accelerating crop improvement. This chapter presents an overview of molecular markers, their genesis, and potential use in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Keragaman Fenotipik dan Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Talas (Colocasia esculenta) Pulau Bangka berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Yani Kusumawati ◽  
Eries Dyah Mustikarini ◽  
Dan Gigih Ibnu Prayoga Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Diversity ◽  
Parameters Analysis ◽  
Morphological Relationship

Germplasm diversity of local taro in Bangka as genetic resources for plant breeding purposes is still unknown. This research aimed to provide information on Bangka Taro’s variability and relationship for plant breeding programs. This research was conducted in December 2017 until February 2018. Characterization of the germplasm was performed on qualitative and quantitative parameters. Analysis of morphological relationships used the UPGMA method. Exploration obtained 27 germplasm of Bangka local taro. The results of the morphological relationship analysis showed nine clusters at a 0.57 coefficient (57%). Cluster one consisted of Tungkuk, Sayur, Hitam/Nyatoh, Rakit Hijau, Lilin, and Cantik Manis accessions. Cluster two consisted of Rakit Hitam accession. Cluster three consisted of Ganjung, Trans 2, Sungai Tebuk and Trans 1 accessions. Cluster four consisted of Sayang Anak, Pak Ugo and Trans 3 accessions. Cluster five consisted of Angit and Kelat Mentak Kelapa accessions. Cluster six consisted of Pelawan Toboali, Wangi/Colet and Simbang accessions. Cluster seven consisted of Alar accession. Cluster eight consisted of Pelawan Rukem, Kelat Mentak Rukem, Selaseh, Pinangbo and Telok Simbang accessions.Cluster nine consisted of Butir/Pikul and Butir Mentaram accessions. Bangka local taro had wide phenotypic variability in the observed morphological characters. Keywords: accesion, fenotipic, cluster, relationship, variability

A Problem Based Learning Exercise on Food Security: Understanding the Role of Genomic Variation and Plant Breeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolie WAX ◽  
Zhu Zhuo ◽  
Anna Bower ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Susan Gachara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Genomic Variation

Statistical analysis and molecular markers in plant breeding for heterosis (review)

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Chesnokov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Kocherina ◽  
A.M. Artemyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding

Directions of production improvement in plant breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Yarygina I.V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Technical Innovations

Effective resource conservation can be achieved with the help of information technologies, which in this case should be understood as all those organizational methods and technical innovations that make it possible to track and regulate the use of all resources in an enterprise as accurately as possible.

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