scholarly journals Solitary Confinement, Prisoner Litigation, and the Possibility of a Prison Abolitionist Lawyering Ethic

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Federal Prisons ◽  
Prisoner Rights ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper considers the role that litigation might play in ending the human rights crisis of solitary confinement in Canada while also examining the relationship of prisoner rights litigation to broader, anti-carceral social movements. The paper proceeds in four parts. The first section provides a brief overview of the widespread use of solitary confinement in Canada’s federal prisons and in provincial and territorial jails. Next, current litigation seeking an end to solitary confinement in the federal prisons system is located in the context of a long history of prisoner rights litigation in both the US and Canada. The third section considers the possibilities and challenges of pursuing prisoner rights litigation with broader critiques of the carceral state in mind. The paper ends with examples of anti-carceral lawyering efforts and identifies some elements of a prison abolitionist lawyering ethic.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
City State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This prologue provides an overview of the history of early and medieval West Africa. During this period, the rise of Islam, the relationship of women to political power, the growth and influence of the domestically enslaved, and the invention and evolution of empire were all unfolding. In contrast to notions of an early Africa timeless and unchanging in its social and cultural categories and conventions, here was a western Savannah and Sahel that from the third/ninth through the tenth/sixteenth centuries witnessed political innovation as well as the evolution of such mutually constitutive categories as race, slavery, ethnicity, caste, and gendered notions of power. By the period's end, these categories assume significations not unlike their more contemporary connotations. All of these transformations were engaged with the apparatus of the state and its progression from the city-state to the empire. The transition consistently featured minimalist notions of governance replicated by successive dynasties, providing a continuity of structure as a mechanism of legitimization. Replication had its limits, however, and would ultimately prove inadequate in addressing unforeseen challenges.

The Comintern

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vatlin ◽  
Stephen A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The essay falls into two sections. The first examines the history of the Third International (Comintern) from its creation in 1919 to its dissolution in 1943, looking at the imposition of the Twenty-One Conditions on parties wishing to join the new International in 1920, the move from a perspective of splitting the labour movement to one of a united front in the early 1920s, the shift to the sectarian ‘third period’ strategy in 1928, and the gradual emergence of the popular front strategy in the mid-1930s. It examines the institutions of the Comintern and the Stalinization of national communist parties. The second section looks at some issues in the historiography of the Comintern, including the extent to which it was a tool of Soviet foreign policy, conflict over policy within the Executive Committee of the Comintern (ECCI), and the relationship of ECCI to ‘national sections’, with a particular focus on the Vietnamese Communist Party. Finally, it discusses problems of cultural and linguistic communication within the Comintern.

scholarly journals Gratia praesupponit naturam

Diacovensia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81.-93.
Author(s):  
Boris Vulić
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Nature And Grace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
History Of Theology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the article, the contemporary lack of representation of the axiom “grace presumes nature” is recognized as a providential opportunity for its renewal in theology and spirituality. After indicating some of the causes for neglecting this scholastic axiom, the second chapter interprets its theological interiority through an attempt to answer the inexhaustible question of the relationship of grace and nature. The third chapter brings further clarification through the axioms “grace does not destroy nature” and “grace perfects nature”. In analogy with Christ’s incarnation, it becomes apparent that nature, or creation, should always be understood in the perspective of grace, which is the first fact of the history of salvation. The restoration and deepening of these axioms contributes to linking the entire history of salvation, but also the history of theology and spirituality, and to a deeper understanding of what is truly natural and what is divine, graceful, and what as a gift and opportunity defines a man to the very foundation of his created nature.

Race, Class, and Labor: White Skin Privilege and Oppression

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Harris
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article examines the relationship of race and class using the lens of working-class experiences inside the US steel and auto industries. It focuses on the applicability of white skin privilege to the conditions of labor, and introduces the concept of comparative forms of oppression. Additionally, it considerations white skin privilege from the perspective of human rights, and ends with detailed statistical information and consideration of race and gender in relationship to various job categories.

Altruism and Helping: The Evolution of a Field: The 2008 Cooley-Mead Presentation1

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Allyn Piliavin
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

I present a selective history of the evolution of the study of altruism and helping behavior, using a series of questions and answers. Some of the topics covered include the motives for helping, the origins of helping and altruism in evolution and child development, the relationship of organizations to helping, and the psychological and health consequences for the helper. A framework within which to view the current structure of the field is presented, and a challenge is issued for scholars in the areas of social movements and helping behavior to come together to synthesize the two fields.

The Greater Wonder of God's Subjection in John Donne's Holy Sonnet “Why are wee by all Creatures waited on?”

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Michael D. Terranova
Keyword(s):  
John Donne ◽  
Philosophical Idea ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nature And Grace ◽  
Great Chain Of Being ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphysical Question ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In his deceptively simple, but really extremely rich, sonnet, “Why are wee by all Creatures waited on?”, John Donne uses all the tools of prosody available to him and plays with the English and Italian forms of the sonnet to give a rich meditation on the order of creation, the history of salvation, and the relationship of nature and grace. He begins with what seems an irenic scholastic discussion, asking why humans are able to subjugate elements and animals which are purer and stronger than they. In the third quatrain, however, he shifts to a deep moral plaint. At the same time, he interweaves the philosophical idea of the Great Chain of Being with the theological distinction between nature and grace. He does so by employing both the Italian and the English sonnet forms simultaneously. The Italian sonnet poses and then resolves the question about the order of nature, while the English sonnet takes the question of the order of nature up into the question of the order of redemption. In the final couplet, he goes beyond both the metaphysical question and the moral plaint by turning the reader's attention to the Incarnation, in which God subjects Himself to both that which is lower and that which is worse than Himself. In doing so Donne transforms the images he evokes in a poem surprisingly devoid of his typical metaphysical conceits into one sustained conceit which elicits in the reader a humble awe before the Divine condescension.

scholarly journals Socio-environmental rights and the riddle of history

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Bruce Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
United Nations Declaration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Broadly speaking, this paper is about the relationship of the human rights tradition to substantive issues of social justice, including class exploitation and environmental destruction.  These themes I take to be of global concern, but I will examine them today as they arise from conflicts and struggles situated in Brazil.   The key to the argument is to show that the human rights tradition recognizes necessary features of self-determination, and that claims for socio-environmental rights in Brazil and elsewhere derive their legitimacy from the same kind of argument that justifies individual rights, such as the 1948 United Nations Declaration, and collective rights, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 and the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of 2007.  That is, I will try to show that individual, collective and socio-environmental rights are each necessary conditions but, on their own, insufficient conditions for the possibility of self-determination.  The need for such rights emerges in the history of the struggle for justice.  This this paper will also defend the claim that the universality of rights necessarily emerges from the historicity of social life and solves what Marx calls the “riddle of history.” Keywords : Socio-enviromental rights; riddle of history.     Resumo: De um modo geral, este artigo trata da relação da tradição dos direitos humanos com questões substantivas de justiça social, incluindo a exploração de classes e a destruição ambiental. Esses temas são de interesse global, mas vou examiná-los hoje, pois eles surgem de conflitos e lutas no Brasil. A chave do argumento é mostrar que a tradição dos direitos humanos reconhece as características necessárias à autodeterminação, e que as reivindicações por direitos socioambientais no Brasil e em outros lugares derivam sua legitimidade do mesmo tipo de argumento que justifica os direitos individuais, como o Declaração das Nações Unidas de 1948, e direitos coletivos, como o Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais de 1966 e a Declaração dos Direitos dos Povos Indígenas das Nações Unidas de 2007. Ou seja, tentarei mostrar que os direitos individuais, coletivos e Direitos socioambientais são, cada um, condições necessárias, mas, por si só, condições insuficientes para a possibilidade de autodeterminação. A necessidade de tais direitos surge na história da luta pela justiça. Este artigo também defenderá a afirmação de que a universalidade dos direitos surge necessariamente da historicidade da vida social e resolve o que Marx chama de "enigma da história".

Human Rights and Power

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Stammers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social History ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is an initial attempt to link the concepts of human rights and power from a social constructionist perspective. It looks at aspects of the social history of natural and human rights and the relationship of this history to extant power relations. It suggests that conceptions of human rights have both challenged and sustained particular forms of power, thus playing a highly ambivalent role. The paper also examines and criticises the philosophical underpinnings of liberal and marxist approaches to the concept of human rights. In a concluding section it considers the possibility of constructing a power analysis which might provide a way of anchoring the concept of human rights in social practices.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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