Emerging Infectious Disease (EID) Communication During the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Outbreak: Literature Review (2009-2013) of the Methodology Used for EID Communication Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Gesser-Edelsburg ◽  
Nathan Stolero ◽  
Emilio Mordini ◽  
Matthew Billingsley ◽  
James J. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis year alone has seen outbreaks of epidemics such as Ebola, Chikungunya, and many other emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). We must look to the responses of recent outbreaks to help guide our strategies in current and future outbreaks or we risk repeating the same mistakes. The objective of this paper was to conduct a systematic literature review of the methodology used by studies that examined EID communication during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic outbreak through different communication channels or by analyzing contents and strategies.MethodsThis was a systematic review of the literature (n=61) studying risk communication strategies of H1N1 influenza, published between 2009 and 2013, and retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts by use of specific search criteria. Searches were followed by review, categorization, and mixed qualitative and quantitative content analysis.ResultsOf 41 articles that used quantitative methods, most used surveys (n=35); some employed content analyses (n=4) and controlled trials (n=2). The 16 articles that employed qualitative methods relied on content analyses (n=10), semi-structured interviews (n=2) and focus groups (n=4). Four more articles used mixed-methods or nonstandard methods. Seven different topic categories were found: risk perception and effects on behaviors, framing the risk in the media, public concerns, trust, optimistic bias, uncertainty, and evaluating risk communication.ConclusionsUp until 2013, studies tended to be descriptive and quantitative rather than discursive and qualitative and to focus on the role of the media as representing information and not as a medium for actual communication with the public. Several studies from 2012, and increasingly more in 2013, addressed issues of discourse and framing and the complexity of risk communication with the public. Formative evaluations that use recommendations from past research when designing communication campaigns from the first stages of crises are recommended. Research should employ diverse triangulation processes based on representatives from different stakeholders. Further studies should address the potential offered by social media to create dialogue with individuals and the public at large. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:199-206)

scholarly journals How Loud and Clear Rung the Alarm Bell: The Communication Efforts of WHO on the Beginning of COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142110249
Author(s):  
Huriye Toker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
International Development ◽  
International Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Releases ◽  
The Media ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Health Organization

As seen clearly from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health is an important foreign policy and diplomatic issue connected with security, economic well-being, and international development. According to risk communication researchers, effective, transparent, and timely information sharing is the most important tool after vaccines for responding to pandemics. This study aims to start a scholarly discussion on the risk communication efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) during the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed WHO’s communication efforts during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the leading international health organization, WHO was responsible for providing rapid, up-to-date, and credible information for the public and the media. The selected research items were 42 news releases and statements provided by WHO between December 31, 2019, and March 30, 2020. These were subjected to qualitative and quantitative content analyses using the NVivo 12 qualitative analysis software program for coding. The data were coded under 6 variables (date of publication, topics, frequency, wording of the COVID-19 outbreak, sourcing, and themes of the releases). While 54.7% of WHO's communications were devoted to the COVID-19 outbreak, more than half were not issued until March. That is, instead of early risk communication and clear warnings about the outbreak, WHO acted overcautiously, preferring messages related to solidarity and cooperation during the most devastating pandemic of the 21st century.

Exoneree Engagement in Policy Reform Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zieva Dauber Konvisser ◽  
Ashley Werry
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Media

Through a lens of resilience and growth alongside continuing distress, this exploratory research study examines a convenience sample of exonerees and innocence movement personnel who are engaged in the policy reform process to understand how exoneree involvement may change exonerees themselves, the innocence movement, and possibly the criminal justice system. Data were collected through pre-questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, supplemented with archival material, and analyzed using a narrative approach. Findings emphasize both the personal and broader societal value of exoneree engagement in educating, generating awareness, and advocating about wrongful conviction and the power of having the human voice and face in front of legislators, the public, and the media—vividly portraying that “if they can do it to me, they can do it to anybody.” Findings also caution to be sensitive to where individuals may be in their lives and to honor their choices to engage or not.

scholarly journals Flattening the Curve

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Power
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Communication Plan ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Dialogue Theory

This paper explores Canada’s communications approach to the population during the global pandemic of COVID-19. Canada’s perceptive risk communication plan consists of quick response, transparency, and credible figures as representatives of information that are deemed the current principles of success (as of April 2020). The literature review inaugurates the necessary definitions for the topic and provides detailed information about the action Canada has taken in the 2020 pandemic, while the discussion evaluates and debates Canada’s communicative strengths while acknowledging areas for improvement. Following the tactics explored, comparisons are made against the United States’ pandemic response along with a review of practices to avoid in risk communication, such as blame. Finally, transformative dialogue theory is analyzed as a potential answer to the successful interactions between the Canadian government, authoritative figures, and the public. 

scholarly journals The Mobile Phone & Its Impact In Teenagers`Daily Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bujane Topalli
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Public Space ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Media

The mobile phone, as a medium has influenced the ways in which we can interact with other media. It is considered like a channel between traditional and new media. Its specific characteristics, social functions and also its uses may vary in different contexts and cultures. The mobile phone, has contributed in increasing the idea of personal media, and the emergence of new kinds of media behavior. According to Morley (2002), communication technologies transform and rearrange relations between the domestic and the public space. In particular, mobile communication functions to broaden the sphere of the home outside the physical household; to blur the boundaries between the public and private spheres. In this study we aim to discuss through the literature review the role of the phone in the everyday life, and to know more about the different ways and reasons why 12-15 year old teenagers, part of Municipality of Shkoder, use mobile phone. This qualitative research is based on semi structured interviews with children. The identified problems consist in: First: The children use more mobile phones in order to use the internet and social networks and this makes it really difficult for their parents to control them. This exposes more the children towards negative effect of internet usage. The second problem is that parents do not have enough knowledge on the usage of new technology. Third: Children have taken information about the risk of internet from the media or by friends and they haven't discussed about this subject at school with teachers.

scholarly journals Food for thought - Communicating food-related risks

2003 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. A01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Sturloni
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media

In the last few years, a continuous series of food alerts have caught the attention of the media and the public in Europe. First, eggs and pork contaminated with dioxins; then, "mad cow" disease, while, all along in the background, a battle against genetically modified plants has been in progress. These food alerts have had complex repercussions on the perception of risks associated with food production. Experts have often been divided over these issues, and the uncertainty of scientific data has been indicated on more than one occasion as one of the factors that influence risk perception. However, the most important factor seems to be undoubtedly the way in which the risk has been communicated (or not communicated) to the public. Therefore, risk communication analysis offers an excellent opportunity to understand the profound changes that are taking place in relations among the scientific community, mass media and other members of civil society now that they are fully aware that scientific and technological innovation, the real driving force of modern industrial society, is a source of development but also a source of risks which are not always acceptable. Within this different context, a debate open to all interested parties appears to have become a dire necessity for the "risk society", especially as far as food is concerned because food has extremely important psychological, ethical and cultural values.

Ethics, Decision-Making, and Risk Communication in the Era of Terroredia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Eid
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Media ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Target ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Terrorism today is one of the most frequent global severe stress situations. The advanced and widespread new media and information technologies as well as modern tactics of terrorism make the public of any nation in exposure, directly and indirectly, to uncertain potential acts of terrorism. The relationship between terrorists and media personnel has grown widely influential, and has been described recently by the term terroredia, in which the public is the main target of both terrorism and the media. Both responsibility and rationality are fundamental weights for the effectiveness of risk communication during times of terrorism. This paper critically analyzes how policymakers in several Western countries have communicated to the public, through the media, the risk of terrorist attacks by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against their individuals and societies. The study uncovers that rationality and responsibility are lacking in Western media decision-making regarding the risk of ISIL's potential activities.

Ethics, Decision-Making, and Risk Communication in the Era of Terroredia

2016 ◽  
pp. 616-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Eid
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Media ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Terrorism today is one of the most frequent global severe stress situations. The advanced and widespread new media and information technologies as well as modern tactics of terrorism make the public of any nation in exposure, directly and indirectly, to uncertain potential acts of terrorism. The relationship between terrorists and media personnel has grown widely influential, and has been described recently by the term terroredia, in which the public is the main target of both terrorism and the media. Both responsibility and rationality are fundamental weights for the effectiveness of risk communication during times of terrorism. This paper critically analyzes how policymakers in several Western countries have communicated to the public, through the media, the risk of terrorist attacks by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against their individuals and societies. The study uncovers that rationality and responsibility are lacking in Western media decision-making regarding the risk of ISIL's potential activities.

Accomplishments and relevance of consumer protection organizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo L. Ryngelblum ◽  
Nadia Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
The Media

Purpose Despite the special attention given to consumers by the business and academic literature, the dissatisfaction of Brazilian consumers has increased significantly. This manifest mainly through the initiation of complaints’ procedures against companies at Procon and other civil society consumer protection organizations (CPOs) that began to take over these issues complementarily to governmental action. This paper aims to examine the accomplishments and relevance of these organizations in protecting consumers and in preparation of related public policies. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study was conducted involving an in-depth collection of information about a restricted system, which included multiple sources. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with CPOs’ executives and documents from the other participating organizations in the consumer protection field. Findings The CPOs have been positively evaluated by participants from the consumer protection field, for their effective action in the intermediation of complaints and in proposing laws and regulations on consumer protection. However, this picture is contrasted with the difficulties imposed by the practices of other field logics, such as legal procedures, media priorities and business interests that, however, collaborate in various occasions. Research limitations/implications CPOs’ relevance is more easily evaluated through social legitimation such as endorsements and declarations by the media, the public, by the CPOs’ own publicity and so on. As consumers can choose from alternative channels for redress, firms should be updated with the different procedural norms of each. Originality/value This paper draws a picture of the work developed by CPOs and indicates a possible assessment of their relevance in a scenario of logics complexity, which can be useful for policy makers.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERAN HUMAS PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI BENGKULU DALAM MENJALANKAN HUBUNGAN DENGAN PERS (Studi pada Dinas Perhubungan, Komunikasi dan Informatika Provinsi Bengkulu)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetti Herawati ◽  
Linda Astuti ◽  
Maryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media

Government Public Relations could serve as a means or channel of government agencies in running relationship with the press, including the Local Government of Bengkulu province. This study aimed to see at how public relations play this role. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method in which the data collection was conducted by semi- structured interviews to research subjects. It’s possible for researchers to develop questions appropriate to the situation and condition so it was possible to get complete data. From the research, the role of PR in the Bengkulu Provincial Government ran good relationship with the press. The good role of the public relations could be demonstrated by the implementation of most of the series of activities such as: building and maintaining a good relationship with the press, served and understood the media, press interviews, broadcast rebuttal, filling out the important public section in the press, and documentation.Keywords : Public Relation Role, Mass Media Relation 

scholarly journals Development of a Health Literacy Program for Parents of Children with Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Bahrami ◽  
Ahmad Ali Eslami ◽  
Alireza Moafi ◽  
Somaye Sayahi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Living With Cancer

Objectives: Parents’ health literacy plays an important role in the proper management of symptoms and providing appropriate care for their children living with cancer. However, studies conducted on health literacy in Iranian culture is very limited. Therefore, this study will identify the health literacy needs of parents of children with cancer and will design a program for promoting their health literacy. Methods: This exploratory mixed-methods study, using qualitative-quantitative methods including 4 consecutive phases. In the first phase, the literature review will be carried out to conceptualize and determine the domains of health literacy. In the second phase, a qualitative study will be conducted to identify and determine the needs and strategies for promoting the health literacy of parents using deep semi-structured interviews. Participants will be selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods and data will be analyzed using the directed content analysis method. In the third phase, participants’ needs will be prioritized using a panel of experts and the initial draft of the program will be designed. In the fourth phase, the modified Delphi method will be used to prioritize program strategies and select the final program. Discussion: Developing a program using a qualitative method and literature review can provide some evidence for promoting health literacy in parents of children living with cancer. Moreover, it is expected that this program promotes knowledge and empowerment of health team members, especially nurses to provide family-centered care for children with cancer. This, in turn, will increase the quality of provided treatment and care and will decrease the costs.

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