Health and Health Seeking in Mosul During ISIS Control and Liberation: Results From a 40-Cluster Household Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Lafta ◽  
Valeria Cetorelli ◽  
Gilbert Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Behavioral Issues

ABSTRACTObjectivesISIS seized Mosul in June 2014. This survey was conducted to assess health status, health needs, and health-seeking behavior during ISIS control and the subsequent Iraqi military campaign.MethodsForty clusters were chosen: 25 from east Mosul and 15 from west Mosul. In each, 30 households were interviewed, representing 7559 persons. The start house for each cluster was selected using satellite maps. The survey in east Mosul was conducted from March 13–31, 2017, and in west Mosul from July 18–31, 2017.ResultsIn the preceding 2 weeks, 265 (5.4%) adults reported being ill. Some 67 (25.3%) complaints were for emotional or behavioral issues, and 59 (22.3%) for noncommunicable diseases. There were 349 (13.2%) children under age 15 reportedly ill during this time. Diarrhea, respiratory complaints, and emotional and behavioral problems were most common. Care seeking among both children and adults was low, especially in west Mosul. During ISIS occupation, 640 (39.0%) women of childbearing age reported deliveries. Of these, 431 (67.3%) had received some antenatal care, and 582 (90.9%) delivered in a hospital. Complications were reported by 417 (65.2%).ConclusionsCommunicable and noncommunicable diseases were reported for both children and adults, with a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems, particularly in west Mosul. Care-seeking was low, treatment compliance for noncommunicable diseases was poor, and treatment options for patients were limited. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:758–766)

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE NEURAL CIRCUITS IN ANXIETY DISORDERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ashwani Arya ◽  
Gulshan Sindhwani
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Reciprocal Connections

ABSTRACTAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental, emotional, and behavioral problems. These affect one-eighth of the total population worldwide.Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by irritability, fear, insomnia, nervousness, tachycardia, inability to concentrate,poor coping skills, palpitation, sweating, agoraphobia, and social withdrawal. Brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology isan effort to better understand the mechanism involved and to develop more effective treatments for the anxiety disorders. Thus, neuroanatomicaland neuroimaging research in anxiety disorders has centered on the role of the amygdala, reciprocal connections between the amygdala and theprefrontal cortex, and, most recently, alterations in interoceptive processing by the anterior insula. Anxiety disorders are characterized by alterationsin a diverse range of neurochemical systems, suggesting ample novel targets for drug therapies. The neurotransmitter like corticotropin-releasingfactor, neuropeptides (substance P, neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, orexin, and galanin) are implicated in anxiety pathways. Each of these active areas ofresearch holds promise for expanding and improving evidence-based treatment options for individuals suffering with clinical anxiety. Therefore,this article gives the information on the neurocognitive mechanisms, causes, neurotransmitter involved in anxiety disorders and emphasize on thetherapeutic targets for anxiety disorders.Keywords: Anxiety, Stress, Amygdala, Corticotropin releasing factor, Insula, Thalamus.

Health Care and Care-Seeking in Mosul 1 Year After Defeat of ISIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Riyadh Lafta ◽  
Maha A. Al-Nuaimib ◽  
Laith R. Sultan ◽  
Hazem Rihawa ◽  
Gilbert Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Demographic Shifts

Abstract Objective: Our objective was to compare care-seeking patterns in Mosul, Iraq, in 2018, 1 y after Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) control, with findings from neighborhoods that had been sampled in 2017 Methods: For this multi-stage randomized cluster household survey, we created one cluster in each of 20 neighborhoods randomly selected from the 40 neighborhoods in the 2016/17 survey; 12 in east Mosul, 8 in west Mosul. In each, 30 households were interviewed beginning at a randomly selected start house. Questions were derived from the 2016/2017 post-ISIS survey. Results: We interviewed the head of household or senior female in 600 households containing 3375 persons. One year after ISIS, some household demographic shifts had occurred. Diarrhea in children during the past 2 wk decreased from 50.1% to 7.5% (P < 0.001); however, cough/difficulty breathing increased from 15.5% to 33.6% (P < 0.01). Among adults, care-seeking for noncommunicable diseases increased from 22.3% to 43.5% (P < 0.001). Emotional and psychological complaints common in the previous survey were now nearly absent. Pregnancy complications diminished from 65.2% to 15.4% (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Communicable diseases predominated among children and noncommunicable diseases among adults. Access to health care substantially improved, although barriers remained. Satisfaction with services was mixed, with dissatisfaction expressed about testing, medicine access, and costs, but the work of health providers was rated highly.

scholarly journals Psychological resources as predictors of emotional and behavioral issues in young University students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Rivera Heredia ◽  
Irma María Niebla Guzmán Niebla Guzmán ◽  
Xolyanetzin Montero Pardo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Behavioral Issues

Introduction: Preventing problem behaviors in university students requires the identification of its causes and possible protective factors. Objective: To identify the psychological resources that can predict emotional and behavioral issues in young people. Method: Four different scales were used to evaluate a non-probabilistic sample of 320 university students: the emotional and behavioral issues scales, the intra-family relationships scale, and the social resources scale and affective resources scale. The sample included 146 men and 173 women between the ages of 18 to 24 (mean: 20.04, standard deviation: 1.62). Results: The main findings show significant statistical negative correlations between the problem behaviors and the affective, social, and family resources. Regarding the differences between participants, women showed higher mean scores of depressions and somatic problems, while men showed higher scores of alcohols and tobacco consumption. The step-by-step regression results revealed depression to be the problem behavior with the highest explained variance (47%), predicted by difficulties in managing sadness, lack of self-control regarding anger, the expression of emotions, and problems with anger management. Conclusion: Strengthening psychological resources and incorporating them in the design of universal and selective intervention programs is fundamental to prevent emotional and behavioral problems in university students to promote their positive development.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Awareness, and Health-Seeking Behaviour regarding Tuberculosis in a Rural District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adeela Khan ◽  
Babar Tasneem Shaikh ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Quantitative Results

Background. Pakistan is a country with one of the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, and therefore, it is imperative to revisit the design of behaviour change interventions in the program. This study was designed to understand and assess the knowledge, awareness, perceptions, and health-seeking behaviour of general and specifically TB-affected population and to determine the presence and level of stigma and discrimination toward TB patients. Methods. A mixed-method study was conducted in district Haripur of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, comprising a household survey, whereby 526 individuals were interviewed, and five focus group discussions with various subgroups including TB patients and health workers and authorities. Study sought an ethical approval, and data of all respondents was kept confidential. Results. Quantitative results show that women were more knowledgeable on symptomatology and spread of TB, and with rising education, awareness on TB improves. The majority of our respondents had the understanding that it is a curable disease, yet some would avoid TB patients. Most of the respondents (both men and women) knew that one must go to a government facility for treatment. Only one-third would speak to doctor first, if they suspect TB-like symptoms. Television was a popular source of information on TB. Qualitative results captured people’s perceptions that TB was related with poverty and was still considered a stigma in the community; hence, patients afflicted feared disclosing the disease. Conclusion. With contextual understanding of communities’ knowledge, attitudes, health-seeking behaviour, and care-seeking patterns, it can be concluded that there is a need to increase the awareness about TB symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and destigmatization of the disease through health education.

Risk factors for emotional and behavioral problems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Douglas Tynan ◽  
Meredith Dreyer ◽  
Meredith Lutz Stehl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems
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