scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on PM2.5 Pollution in Fastest-growing Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Showmitra Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absolute Decrease

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the research was to investigate and identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh by using ground-based observation data. Methods: The research assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for PM2.5 from 1 January 2017 to 1 August 2020. The research considered pollution in pre-COVID-19 (1 January-23 March), during COVID-19 (24 March-30 May), and post-COVID-19 (31 May-1 August) lockdown periods with current (2020) and historical (2017-2019) data. Results: PM2.5 pollution followed a similar yearly trend in year 2017-2020. The average concentration for PM2.5 was found 87.47 μg/m3 in the study period. Significant PM2.5 declines were observed in the current COVID-19 lockdown period compared to historical data: 11.31% reduction with an absolute decrease of 7.15 μg/m3. Conclusion: The findings of the research provide an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects air pollution. The results will provide initial evidence regarding human behavioral changes and emission controls. This research will also suggest avenues for further study to link the findings with health outcomes.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship Between the Level of Fine Particulate Matter and Stroke Mortality Rate in Mashhad in 2014 and 2015

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Baridkazemi ◽  
Khalilollah Moeininan ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Ayat Rahmani ◽  
Hamidreza Nassehinia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
Different Seasons

Background: Air pollution is a major social problem, particularly in developing countries, where the rapid expansion of industries, cities, and traffic is the main cause of increased air pollution. Objectives: This ecological study (correlation) has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) amount and the rate of stroke mortality in Mashhad during the years 2014 and 2015. Methods: Data were collected from hospitals, the Monitoring Center of Environmental Pollutants, and the Bureau of Meteorology in Khorasan Razavi Province and were analyzed to evaluate the correlation. Results: The results show that the correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and the rate of stroke mortality in different seasons in 2014 and 2015 are 0.997 and 0.902, respectively. The correlation was stronger in 2014 and is significant at a confidence level of 0.01. Conclusions: According to the results, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 decreased from 29.261 (μg/m3) in 2014 to 25.283 (μg/m3) in 2015, and also, the annual rate of stroke mortality decreased by 4.4% in 2015.

scholarly journals Association between Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Residents’ Cardiovascular Diseases, Ischemic Heart Disease and Cerebral Vascular Disease Mortality in Areas with Lighter Air Pollution in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfang Cai ◽  
Shuyuan Yu ◽  
Yingxin Pei ◽  
Chaoqiong Peng ◽  
Yuxue Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: China began to carry out fine particulate matter (PM2.5) monitoring in 2013 and the amount of related research is low, especially in areas with lighter air pollution. This study aims to explore the association between PM2.5 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebral vascular disease (EVD) mortality in areas with lighter air pollution. Methods: Data on resident mortality, air pollution and meteorology in Shenzhen during 2013–2015 were collected and analyzed using semi-parametric generalized additive models (GAM) with Poisson distribution of time series analysis. Results: Six pollutants were measured at seven air quality monitoring sites, including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3. The PM2.5 daily average concentration was 35.0 ± 21.9 μg/m3; the daily average concentration range was from 7.1 μg/m3 to 137.1 μg/m3. PM2.5 concentration had significant effects on CVD, IHD and EVD mortality. While PM2.5 concentration of lag5 and lag02 rose by 10 μg/m3, the excess risk (ER) of CVD mortality were 1.50% (95% CI: 0.51–2.50%) and 2.09% (95% CI: 0.79–3.41%), respectively. While PM2.5 concentration of lag2 and lag02 rose by 10 μg/m3, the ER of IHD mortality were 2.87% (95% CI: 0.71–5.07%) and 3.86% (95% CI: 1.17–6.63%), respectively. While PM2.5 concentration of lag4 and lag04 rose by 10 μg/m3, the ER of EVD mortality were 2.09% (95% CI: 2.28–3.92%) and 3.08% (95% CI: 0.68–5.53%), respectively. Conclusions: PM2.5 increased CVD mortality. The government needs to strengthen the governance of air pollution in areas with a slight pollution.

scholarly journals Sex differences in associations of fine particulate matter with non-accidental deaths: an ecological time-series study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Xia ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Scott Montgomery ◽  
Bo Fang ◽  
Chunfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSex differences in the impact of exposure to air pollution have been reported previously and epidemiological studies indicate that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) effects on nonaccidental death are modified by sex; however, the results are not conclusive. To introduce a new method incorporating the monotone nonlinear relationship between PM2.5 and deaths to reveal the sex difference in the relationship, we illustrated the use of the constrained generalized additive model (CGAM) to investigate the sex difference in the effects of PM2.5 on nonaccidental deaths in Shanghai, China. Information on daily non-accidental deaths, air pollution, meteorological data, and smoking prevalence between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 was obtained in Shanghai. The CGAM was used to assess the association of interaction between sex and daily PM2.5 concentrations with daily nonaccidental deaths, adjusting for weather type and smoking rate. A 2-week lag analysis was conducted as a sensitivity analysis. During the study period, the total number of non-accidental deaths in Shanghai was 336,379, with a daily mean of 163 deaths and 144 deaths for men and women, respectively. The average daily concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai was 55.0 μg/m3 during the same time period. Women showed a lower risk for non-accidental death (risk ratio (RR) = 0.892, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.802–0.993). Compared with men, the risk for nonaccidental death in relation to increasing PM2.5 concentration was smaller in women (RR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996–1.000, per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. The difference is consistent during the two lag weeks and more obvious when adjusting for the interaction between PM2.5 concentration and smoking prevalence. The effects of PM2.5 on daily nonaccidental death are different between men and women in Shanghai, China, and women tend to have a lower risk. The underlying mechanisms of the sex difference of PM2.5 effects on death need further investigation. The method displayed in the manuscript can be used for other environmental stressors as well.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Gerontological Constructs Among Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Mara McAdams-DeMarco ◽  
Miranda Jones ◽  
Yijing Feng ◽  
Jeremy Walston ◽  
Nadia Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Frailty is triggered by inflammatory pathways among patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased inflammation and as such may be a determinant of frailty in patients with ESKD. Therefore, we sought to estimate the impact of household-level exposure to fine particulate matter (particles <2.5μm in diameter [PM2.5]) on frailty and other gerontological constructs among patients with ESKD. We leveraged a prospective, two-center cohort study of 1,482 adults with ESKD (2014-2019) from 40 US states. The physical frailty phenotype (PFP), SPPB, ADL/IADL dependence and 3MS global cognitive impairment were assessed at transplant evaluation. Household-level air pollution was estimated as annual average PM2.5 concentrations at each participant’s address using SEDAC national air pollution data. We estimated the odds of these gerontologic constructs using adjusted logistic regression by quartiles of PM2.5 concentrations accounting for confounders including socioeconomic status. Compared to patients with PM2.5 concentrations in the lowest quartile (<9.3µg/m3), those with exposure to the 3rd quartile (10.0-11.1µg/m3) had 1.50-fold (95%CI:1.04-2.17) increased odds of frailty. However, exposure to PM2.5 concentrations in the second (9.3-10.0µg/m3) and fourth quartiles (>11.1µg/m3) were not significant. Those with PM2.5 in the 3rd (OR=1.60, 95%CI:1.19-2.16) or 4th (OR=1.61, 95%CI:1.20-2.16) quartile had an increased risk of having dependence in ADLs or IADLs. PM2.5 was not associated with SPPB or cognitive impairment. Among ESKD patients, fine particulate matter was associated with greater frailty and dependence burden, although these association may not be linear. Further study of the role of inflammation on these associations are needed.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4822
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Shin ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
In Sook Kang ◽  
Eunhee Ha ◽  
Wook Bum Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aim: Previous studies have suggested that the short-term ambient air pollution and temperature are associated with myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to conduct a time-series analysis to assess the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and temperature on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among adults over 20 years of age in Korea by using the data from the Korean National Health Information Database (KNHID). Methods: The daily data of 192,567 AMI cases in Seoul were collected from the nationwide, population-based KNHID from 2005 to 2014. The monitoring data of ambient PM2.5 from the Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment were also collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) that allowed for a quasi-Poisson distribution was used to analyze the effects of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of AMI. Results: The models with PM2.5 lag structures of lag 0 and 2-day averages of lag 0 and 1 (lag 01) showed significant associations with AMI (Relative risk [RR]: 1.011, CI: 1.003–1.020 for lag 0, RR: 1.010, CI: 1.000–1.020 for lag 01) after adjusting the covariates. Stratification analysis conducted in the cold season (October–April) and the warm season (May–September) showed a significant lag 0 effect for AMI cases in the cold season only. Conclusions: In conclusion, acute exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with AMI morbidity at lag 0 in Seoul, Korea. This increased risk was also observed at low temperatures.

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness, ◽  
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, ◽  
Joshua Moyer, ◽  
Anne M. Weaver, ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates. Methods and Results We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches. Conclusions These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals Visualization of Correlation for Air Pollution Time Series using TAQMN Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7922-7927
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

In Taiwan country Annan, Chiayi, Giran, and Puzi cities are facing a serious fine particulate matter (PM2.5) issue. To date the impressive advance has been made toward understanding the PM2.5 issue, counting special temporal characterization, driving variables and well-being impacted. However, notable research as has been done on the interaction of the content between the selected cities of Taiwan country for particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration. In this paper, we purposed a visualization technique based on this principle of the visualization, cross-correlation method and also the time-series concentration with particulate matter (PM2.5) for different cities in Taiwan. The visualization also shows that the correlation between the different meteorological factors as well as the different air pollution pollutants for particular cities in Taiwan. This visualization approach helps to determine the concentration of the air pollution levels in different cities and also determine the Pearson correlation, r values of selected cities are Annan, Puzi, Giran, and Wugu.

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