PHOTOGRAPHICALLY BASED KNOWLEDGE

Episteme ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cavedon-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Utility ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
Foundational Issue ◽  
Do So

AbstractPictures are a quintessential source of aesthetic pleasure. This makes it easy to forget that they are epistemically valuable no less than they are aesthetically so. Pictures are representations. As such, they may furnish us with knowledge of the objects they represent. In this article I provide an account of why photographs are of greater epistemic utility than handmade pictures. To do so, I use a novel approach: I seek to illuminate the epistemic utility of photographs by situating both photographs and handmade pictures among the sources of knowledge. This method yields an account of photography's epistemic utility that better connects the issue with related issues in epistemology and is relatively superior to other accounts. Moreover, it answers a foundational issue in the epistemology of pictorial representation: ‘What kinds of knowledge do pictures furnish?’ I argue that photographs have greater epistemic utility than handmade pictures because photographs are sources of perceptual knowledge, while handmade pictures are sources of testimonial knowledge.

Moral Perception: Causal, Phenomenological, and Epistemological Elements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Audi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Belief ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Moral Perception ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Do So

This chapter analyzes how perception is a kind of experiential information-bearing relation between the perceiver and the object perceived. It argues that even if moral properties are not themselves causal, they can be perceptible. But the dependence of moral perception on non-moral perception does not imply an inferential dependence of all moral belief or moral judgment on non-moral belief or judgment. This kind of grounding explains how a moral belief arising in perception can constitute perceptual knowledge and can do so on grounds that are publicly accessible and, though not a guarantee of it, a basis for ethical agreement. The chapter also shows how perceptual moral knowledge is connected not only with other moral knowledge but also with intuition and emotion.

Transformational Leaders Help Their Employees Overcome Their Technophobia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Odai Y. Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Transformational Leaders ◽  
Transformational Leader ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Many ◽  
Narrow Context ◽  
Do So

The lack of technology acceptance in the workplace has haunted companies in the past and it seems that it will continue to do so in the future. One of the many variables that impact employees' acceptance of a new technology is technophobia; which previously has been studied within the narrow context of computers or few other technologies that are now outdated. In a novel approach, the current study examines employees' technophobia and how it impacts their technology acceptance. In addition, the moderating influence of transformational leadership is studied to determine whether that type of leadership would influence employees to overcome their technophobia. The data analysis confirms that technophobia and its subdimensions are still an issue that haunts the workplace. However, having a leader who's identified as a transformational leader can help employees overcome their technophobia. This study argues that it is vital for companies to understand the level and type of technophobia as well as what type of leadership their employees have before implementing any new technologies.

Mass Party Formation: Land, Civil Society, and Party in Postrevolutionary Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-300
Author(s):  
Edwin F. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Archival Data ◽  
Party Formation ◽  
Partido Revolucionario Institucional ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Land Privatization ◽  
Mass Organization ◽  
Electoral Mobilization ◽  
Bureaucratic State ◽  
Do So

AbstractWhat explains mass party formation? Prevailing approaches explain party formation as a process of reflection of preexisting social constituencies, or as the consequence of the rise of the bureaucratic state and in particular the advent of universal suffrage. These approaches fail to explain why Mexico’s Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) emerged as a mass party in some regions but not others despite attempts to do so and similarity in conditions that have been posited as central to party formation. I put forth a novel approach that posits that parties emerge as mass organization through a process of constitution of the very social base they claim to represent, but their constitutive powers are conditioned by fundamental economic structures. Relying on agrarian censuses and archival data, I show that the PRI emerged as a mass party in areas where land privatization had been more intensive. In these areas the party during its process of formation was able to build new, and absorb existing, peasant unions and organizations and carry out strong electoral mobilization. These findings suggest that mass party formation is dependent on the destruction of “pre”-capitalist agrarian structures.

scholarly journals An ANP-based network to measure the impact of Lean production on organisational performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Ruano Pérez ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan-José Alfaro Saiz ◽  
María-José Verdecho
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Network Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to design a decision-making network, based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique (Saaty, 1996), which will include the main elements to take into account when stating the effect that the application of LP techniques has got on the performance of an organisation, measured this through a Performance Measurement System (PMS).Design/methodology/approach: The authors have carried out a scientific literature search to state what the main LP techniques are –and how to group them into different clusters- and have then applied the ANP, its first phase, in order to design the decisional network.Findings: There is a gap in the literature when trying to identify and quantify to what extent the implementation of LP techniques affects to organisational performance. The ANP is an appropriate technique to do so due to the need of gathering and quantifying experts’ opinions.Originality/value: The designed ANP-based network to measure the impact of LP over organisational performance is a novel approach. This paper justifies its usage and paves the way to implement the rest of the ANP phases in future research work. 

The Hollywood Aesthetic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
Cognitive Challenge ◽  
Do So

Chapter 1 explains Hollywood’s general principles for creating aesthetic pleasure for mass audiences. The chapter introduces the book’s two main theses: (1) Hollywood cinema targets an area, between boredom and confusion, that is optimally pleasing for mass audiences. It seeks to offer enough cognitive challenge to sustain aesthetic interest but not so much that it would jeopardize a film’s hedonic value or cause average spectators to give up the search for understanding. (2) Many of the Hollywood films that offer exhilarating aesthetic experiences beyond a single encounter and over extended periods operate near the boundaries of classicism, veering into areas of novelty and complexity that more typical Hollywood films avoid; however, they do so without sacrificing a mass audience’s ability to cope with the challenge. Such films take risks, and exhilarated pleasure results when they seem on the verge of overburdening or displeasing spectators in some bold and extraordinary way.

Believing the Incomprehensible God

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
James Dominic Rooney ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Epistemological Problem ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Epistemology Of Testimony ◽  
Do So

There has been recent epistemological interest as to whether knowledge is “transmitted” by testimony from the testifier to the hearer, where a hearer acquires knowledge “second-hand.” Yet there is a related area in epistemology of testimony which raises a distinct epistemological problem: the relation of understanding to testimony. In what follows, I am interested in one facet of this relation: whether/how a hearer can receive testimonial knowledge without fully understanding the content of the testimony? I use Thomas Aquinas to motivate a case where, in principle, the content of received testimony cannot be understood but nevertheless constitutes knowledge. Aquinas not only argues that we can receive testimonial knowledge without understanding the content of that testimony, but that we have duties to do so in certain cases.

Macron could change France's political landscape

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

Subject Emmanuel Macron's political movement. Significance The political movement En Marche (Let's Go) was founded by France's Economy Minister Emmanuel Macron on April 6. It is the first time that a party has been launched by a minister while still in office. Macron has so far shown no intention of resigning but he may have to do so later this year as criticism about his ambiguous status is mounting from within government ranks. Impacts Macron's novel approach is likely to appeal to those frustrated with established parties and lack of progress. Support for the movement could encourage the next government to attempt more far-reaching reforms. The movement provides him with a platform that will help his future political ambitions.

The Impact of Globalization on The Ecological Footprint: Do Convergence Clubs Matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şükrü Apaydın ◽  
Ugur Ursavas ◽  
Umit Koc
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Convergence Club ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of globalization on the ecological footprint for 130 countries over the period 1980-2016. To do so, we follow a two-step procedure. First, we analyze convergence in ecological footprint and identify possible convergence clubs across countries using a novel approach proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007). Then, we investigate the impact of globalization on ecological footprint using panel FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) and panel DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares) methods. The results show that globalization is significantly and positively related to the ecological footprint both for the full panel sample and for all convergence clubs. However, the impact of globalization on ecological footprint significantly varies across convergence clubs and full panel sample. Furthermore, the findings show that the convergence club with the lowest impact of globalization on the ecological footprint is the closest club to the panel average.

Illuminating the Mind

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Buddhist Epistemology ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Philosophical Writings ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

This book provides readers with an introduction to epistemology within the Buddhist intellectual tradition. It is designed to be accessible to those whose primary background is in the “Western” tradition of philosophy and who have little or no previous exposure to Buddhist philosophical writings. The book examines many of the most important topics in the field of epistemology, topics that are central both to contemporary discussions of epistemology and to the classical Buddhist tradition of epistemology in India and Tibet. Among the topics discussed are Buddhist accounts of the nature of knowledge episodes, the defining conditions of perceptual knowledge and of inferential knowledge, the status of testimonial knowledge, and skeptical criticisms of the entire project of epistemology. The book seeks to put the field of Buddhist epistemology in conversation with contemporary debates in philosophy. It shows that many of the arguments and debates occurring within classical Buddhist epistemological treatises coincide with the arguments and disagreements found in contemporary epistemology. The book shows, for example, how Buddhist epistemologists developed an anti-luck epistemology—one that is linked to a sensitivity requirement for knowledge. Likewise, the book explores the question of how the study of Buddhist epistemology can be of relevance to contemporary debates about the value of contributions from experimental epistemology, and to broader debates concerning the use of philosophical intuitions about knowledge.

scholarly journals Perceptions of growth-impeding constraints acting upon SMEs’ operations and the identification and use of transitionary paths to elevate them

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Case Data ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Do So

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to know which growth-impeding constraints are perceived to act upon operations of small- to medium-sized (SME) companies by their owner-managers and to recommend transitionary paths to elevate constraints and increase contribution levels made by SMEs’ operations. To do so, this research has been primarily founded upon Hayes et al.’s (2005) operations contribution model for differentiating between different levels of operations’ contribution, and secondarily on the theory of constraints philosophy to explain the perceptions of constraints found at each level – current and future. Design/methodology/approach An open-ended survey and a series of group workshops have gathered new empirical data about these perceptions, which were coded using the relational content analysis to identify a parsimonious set of perceptual growth-impeding constraint categories. The most popular transitions were identified and a correlation of frequency rank orders between “perceived current” and “perceived future” constraints categories was calculated, and likely transitionary paths for growth are discussed. Three SME case studies were documented in related action research to contextualise survey findings. Findings The most popular transition was from “neutral” to “leading”. A lack of people capability was perceived to be the most commonly reported growth-impeding constraint category, followed by a combined lack of process competence and product and service innovation, further followed by a lack of skills in information technology automation. In addition, a new conceptual model has been generated inductively to address shortcomings found in the original operations contribution model (Hayes et al., 2005) during its application to UK SMEs. The new model is referred to in this paper as the “Operations Growth Rocket”. Research limitations/implications This research only used data from UK SMEs. Practical implications This work should help SME owner-managers to overcome growth-impeding constraints that act upon their operations and assist them to develop more effective actions and paths to increase the contribution levels made by their operations. This in turn should support growth of their organisations. Findings will also inform teaching about more effective operations management in SMEs. Social implications This work should help UK SMEs to grow, which in turn will strengthen the UK economy. Originality/value A novel approach and new data from 208 SMEs modify a classical operations contribution model (Hayes et al., 2005). This is achieved by considering transitionary paths to be meta-categories continua abstracted from constraint categories combined with case data for moving towards higher levels of operations contribution, rather than using discrete growth-impeding and growth-constraining “levels”. This research has inductively generated a new version of the classical contribution model that should be more suitable for stimulating growth in (UK) SMEs.

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