Human adipose tissue stem cells: relevance in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases and therapeutic applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Cignarelli ◽  
Sebastio Perrini ◽  
Romina Ficarella ◽  
Alessandro Peschechera ◽  
Pasquale Nigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics

Stem cells are unique cells exhibiting self-renewing properties and the potential to differentiate into multiple specialised cell types. Totipotent or pluripotent stem cells are generally abundant in embryonic or fetal tissues, but the use of discarded embryos as sources of these cells raises challenging ethical problems. Adult stem cells can also differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. In particular, adult adipose tissue contains a pool of abundant and accessible multipotent stem cells, designated as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), that are able to replicate as undifferentiated cells, to develop as mature adipocytes and to differentiate into multiple other cell types along the mesenchymal lineage, including chondrocytes, myocytes and osteocytes, and also into cells of endodermal and neuroectodermal origin, including beta-cells and neurons, respectively. An impairment in the differentiation potential and biological functions of ASCs may contribute to the development of obesity and related comorbidities. In this review, we summarise different aspects of the ASCs with special reference to the isolation and characterisation of these cell populations, their relation to the biochemical features of the adipose tissue depot of origin and to the metabolic characteristics of the donor subject and discuss some prospective therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Focus on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Teven ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Ni Tang ◽  
Stephanie H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Stem cells are characterized by their capability to self-renew and terminally differentiate into multiple cell types. Somatic or adult stem cells have a finite self-renewal capacity and are lineage-restricted. The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has been a topic of recent interest given the ethical considerations associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, or myogenic lineages. Owing to their ease of isolation and unique characteristics, MSCs have been widely regarded as potential candidates for tissue engineering and repair. While various signaling molecules important to MSC differentiation have been identified, our complete understanding of this process is lacking. Recent investigations focused on the role of epigenetic regulation in lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs have shown that unique patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in the induction of MSC differentiation toward specific lineages. Nevertheless, MSC epigenetic profiles reflect a more restricted differentiation potential as compared to ES cells. Here we review the effect of epigenetic modifications on MSC multipotency and differentiation, with a focus on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. We also highlight clinical applications of MSC epigenetics and nuclear reprogramming.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Proliferation and Differentiation Potential of Human Urine-, Placenta Decidua Basalis-, and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguang Wu ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Yi-zhou Huang ◽  
Yongcan Huang ◽  
Ornella Parolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Decidua Basalis

Human multipotent stem cell-based therapies have shown remarkable potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple adult cell types under appropriate conditions. Presently, human multipotent stem cells can be isolated from different sources, but variation among their basic biology can result in suboptimal selection of seed cells in preclinical and clinical research. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of multipotent stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, placental decidua basalis, and urine, respectively. First, we found that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) displayed different morphologies compared with other stem cell types. USCs and placenta decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) had superior proliferation ability in contrast to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); these cells grew to have the highest colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. In phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, similarity among all stem cell marker expression was found, excluding CD29 and CD105. Regarding stem cell differentiation capability, USCs were observed to have better adipogenic and endothelial abilities as well as vascularization potential compared to BMSCs and PDB-MSCs. As for osteogenic and chondrogenic induction, BMSCs were superior to all three stem cell types. Future therapeutic indications and clinical applications of BMSCs, PDB-MSCs, and USCs should be based on their characteristics, such as growth kinetics and differentiation capabilities.

scholarly journals Adult stem cells and their trans-differentiation potential—perspectives and therapeutic applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Hombach-Klonisch ◽  
Soumya Panigrahi ◽  
Iran Rashedi ◽  
Anja Seifert ◽  
Esteban Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Applications

Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Adult Stem Cells Can Lead to Multiorgan Engraftment

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1849-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fang ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
Y. Song ◽  
N. Li ◽  
Y. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Clonogenic multipotent stem cells in human adipose tissue differentiate into functional smooth muscle cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (32) ◽  
pp. 12167-12172 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Rodriguez ◽  
Z. Alfonso ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
J. Leung ◽  
B. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals Human Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Multipotent Stem Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4279-4295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Zuk ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Peter Ashjian ◽  
Daniel A. De Ugarte ◽  
Jerry I. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cd Marker

Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Lipoperoxidation in Rat and Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mario F. Muñoz ◽  
Sandro Argüelles ◽  
Francesco Marotta ◽  
Mario Barbagallo ◽  
Mercedes Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

A wide range of clinical applications in regenerative medicine were opened decades ago with the discovery of adult stem cells. Highly promising adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs), primarily because of their abundance and accessibility. These cells have multipotent properties and have been used extensively to carry out autologous transplants. However, the biology of these cells is not entirely understood. Among other factors, the regeneration capacity of these cells will depend on both their capacity of proliferation/differentiation and the robustness of the biochemical pathways that allow them to survive under adverse conditions like those found in damaged tissues. The transcription factors, such as Nanog and Sox2, have been described as playing an important role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Also, the so-called longevity pathways, in which AMPK and SIRT1 proteins play a crucial role, are essential for cell homeostasis under stressful situations. These pathways act by inhibiting the translation through downregulation of elongation factor-2 (eEF2). In order to deepen knowledge of mesenchymal stem cell biology and which factors are determinant in the final therapeutic output, we evaluate in the present study the levels of all of these proteins in the ADSCs from humans and rats and how these levels are affected by aging and the oxidative environment. Due to the effect of aging and oxidative stress, our results suggest that before performing a cell therapy with ADSCs, several aspects reported in this study such as oxidative stress status and proliferation and differentiation capacity should be assessed on these cells. This would allow us to know the robustness of the transplanted cells and to predict the therapeutic result, especially in elder patients, where probably ADSCs do not carry out their biological functions in an optimal way.

The human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells

Biochimie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Rodriguez ◽  
C. Elabd ◽  
Ez-Z. Amri ◽  
G. Ailhaud ◽  
C. Dani
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells

3D printable Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel facilitated ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) neuron differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Wenwen Deng ◽  
Qingtong Yu ◽  
Congyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Cord Injury

Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are typical adult stem cells obtained from the cranial neural crest. They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, such as osseous cells, neurons and glial cells. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing is a novel method to construct biological structures by rapid prototyping. Previously, our group reported on the stemness and multi-lineage differentiation potential of EMSCs on gels. However, the exploration of EMSCs in 3 D printing and then evaluation of the growth and neuronal differentiation of EMSCs on extruded 3 D printable hybrid hydrogels has not been reported. Therefore, the current study explored the novel hybrid Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel extruded 3 D printing to design an in vitro scaffold to promote the differentiation and growth of EMSCs. In addition, the physical properties of the hydrogel were characterized and its drug-releasing property determined. Notably, the results showed that the construct exhibited a sustain-released effect of growth factor BDNF in accordance with the Higuchi equation. Moreover, the cell survival rate on the 3 D printed scaffold was 88.22 ± 1.13% with higher neuronal differentiation efficiency compared with 2 D culture. Thus, SA-MA’s ability to enhanced EMSCs neuronal differentiation offers a new biomaterial for neurons regeneration in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

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