scholarly journals Adult stem cells and their trans-differentiation potential—perspectives and therapeutic applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Hombach-Klonisch ◽  
Soumya Panigrahi ◽  
Iran Rashedi ◽  
Anja Seifert ◽  
Esteban Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Applications

Human adipose tissue stem cells: relevance in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases and therapeutic applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Cignarelli ◽  
Sebastio Perrini ◽  
Romina Ficarella ◽  
Alessandro Peschechera ◽  
Pasquale Nigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics

Stem cells are unique cells exhibiting self-renewing properties and the potential to differentiate into multiple specialised cell types. Totipotent or pluripotent stem cells are generally abundant in embryonic or fetal tissues, but the use of discarded embryos as sources of these cells raises challenging ethical problems. Adult stem cells can also differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. In particular, adult adipose tissue contains a pool of abundant and accessible multipotent stem cells, designated as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), that are able to replicate as undifferentiated cells, to develop as mature adipocytes and to differentiate into multiple other cell types along the mesenchymal lineage, including chondrocytes, myocytes and osteocytes, and also into cells of endodermal and neuroectodermal origin, including beta-cells and neurons, respectively. An impairment in the differentiation potential and biological functions of ASCs may contribute to the development of obesity and related comorbidities. In this review, we summarise different aspects of the ASCs with special reference to the isolation and characterisation of these cell populations, their relation to the biochemical features of the adipose tissue depot of origin and to the metabolic characteristics of the donor subject and discuss some prospective therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Focus on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Teven ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Ni Tang ◽  
Stephanie H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Stem cells are characterized by their capability to self-renew and terminally differentiate into multiple cell types. Somatic or adult stem cells have a finite self-renewal capacity and are lineage-restricted. The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has been a topic of recent interest given the ethical considerations associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, or myogenic lineages. Owing to their ease of isolation and unique characteristics, MSCs have been widely regarded as potential candidates for tissue engineering and repair. While various signaling molecules important to MSC differentiation have been identified, our complete understanding of this process is lacking. Recent investigations focused on the role of epigenetic regulation in lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs have shown that unique patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in the induction of MSC differentiation toward specific lineages. Nevertheless, MSC epigenetic profiles reflect a more restricted differentiation potential as compared to ES cells. Here we review the effect of epigenetic modifications on MSC multipotency and differentiation, with a focus on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. We also highlight clinical applications of MSC epigenetics and nuclear reprogramming.

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Guilak ◽  
Kristen E. Lott ◽  
Hani A. Awad ◽  
Qiongfang Cao ◽  
Kevin C. Hicok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
Differentiation Potential

scholarly journals Application of Nanoscaffolds in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Ghoraishizadeh ◽  
Afsoon Ghorishizadeh ◽  
Peyman Ghoraishizadeh ◽  
Nasibeh Daneshvar ◽  
Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Essential Components

Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.

scholarly journals Nuclear reprogramming in cell–free extracts

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1436) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Collas
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Nuclear Reprogramming ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Chromatin Remodelling Complex ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Somatic Cell Type

Methods for directly turning a somatic cell type into another type (a process referred to as transdifferentiation) would be beneficial for producing replacement cells for therapeutic applications. Adult stem cells have been shown to display a broader differentiation potential than anticipated and may contribute to tissues other than those in which they reside. In addition, novel transdifferentiation strategies are being developed. I report recent results on the functional reprogramming of a somatic cell using a nuclear and cytoplasmic extract derived from another somatic cell type. The reprogramming of 293T fibroblasts in an extract from T cells is evidenced by nuclear uptake and the assembly of transcription factors, induction of activity of a chromatin remodelling complex, changes in chromatin composition and activation of lymphoid cell–specific genes. The reprogrammed cells express T–cell–specific surface molecules and a complex regulatory function. Reprogramming cells in cell–free extracts may create possibilities for producing replacement cells for therapeutic applications. The system may also constitute a powerful tool to examine the mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming, at least as they occur in vitro .

Clonal Population of Adult Stem Cells: Life Span and Differentiation Potential

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchel Seruya ◽  
Anup Shah ◽  
Dawn Pedrotty ◽  
Tracey Du Laney ◽  
Ryan Melgiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Clonal Population

67 PRODUCTION OF CLONED TRANSGENIC RABBITS FROM MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
T. Flisikowska ◽  
B. Kessler ◽  
T. Güngör ◽  
R. Kind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cell Clone ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Transgenic Rabbits

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult stem cells with fibroblast-like morphology, which can be easily isolated from bone marrow and expanded in culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are able to grow from a single cell into a cell clone, which makes them potentially useful for gene targeting. In our recent study we investigated the dynamics of epigenetic reprogramming following nuclear transfer (NT) with MSC and found that these cells can support development of cloned embryos as good as genetically identical fibroblasts (Brero et al. 2009 Cloning Stem Cells 11, 319-329). In the present study we tested whether live cloned rabbits can be produced from MSC. Nuclear donor cells were isolated from a 6-week-old transgenic Ali/Bas rabbit, expanded in culture, and assessed for their differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene construct and stable cell clones were selected (GFP-MSC). The MSC and GFP-MSC were used for NT at passage 3 to 7 after serum starvation for 2 to 4 days. Nuclear transfer was performed essentially as described previously (Yang et al. 2007 Reproduction 133, 219-320). To assess the development to blastocyst, reconstructed embryos were cultured in B2 medium for 5 to 6 days, whereas for in vivo development embryos were cultured only overnight and then transferred into recipients at the 4- to 8-cell stage. In the MSC group, 844 oocytes were used, 793 (94%) of them fused, 698/786 (89%) cleaved, and 48/128 (38%) developed to blastocyst. After transfer of 483 cloned embryos into 13 recipients, 2 from 8 pregnant recipients gave birth to 10 (2.4%) rabbits, from which 2 and 1 survived for more than 7 days and 3 months, respectively. In the GFP-MSC group, 444 oocytes were used, 412 (93%) of them fused, 377/409 (92%) cleaved, and 97/178 (55%) developed to blastocyst. Transfer of 216 cloned embryos into 8 recipients resulted in 4 pregnancies. One recipient gave birth to 6 (3.7%) live and 2 stillborn rabbits, from which 2 and 1 rabbits survived for more than 3 days and 2 weeks, respectively. All cloned rabbits carried a GFP gene, and green fluorescence could be detected in the follicles of the skin under a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axiovert200, Carl Zeiss, Germany). Our study demonstrates that live cloned rabbits can be produced from genetically modified MSC, thus paving the way to generate gene targeted animals. This work is supported by Roche Diagnostic GmbH.

From Embryo to Adult: One Carbon Metabolism in Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Altundag ◽  
Betül Çelebi-Saltik
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
C Metabolism

: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal property with varying differentiation potential that allow the regeneration of tissue cells of an organism throughout adult life beginning with embryonic development. Through the asymmetric cell divisions, each stem cell replicates itself and produces an offspring identical with the mother cell, and a daughter cell that posses the characteristics of a progenitor cell and commits to a specific lineage to differentiate into tissue cells to maintain homeostasis. To maintain a pool of stem cells to ensure tissue regeneration and homeostasis, it is important to regulate the metabolic functioning of stem cells, progenitor cells and adult tissue stem cells that will meet their internal and external needs. Upon fertilization, the zygote transforms metabolic reprogramming while implantation, embryonic development, organogenesis processes and after birth through adult life. Metabolism in stem cells is a concept that is relatively new to be enlightened. There are no adequate and comprehensives in vitro studies on the comparative analysis of the effects of one-carbon (1-C) metabolism on fetal and adult stem cells compared to embryonic and cancer stem cells’ studies that have been reported recently Since 1-C metabolism is linking parental environmental/dietary factors and fetal development, investigating the epigenetic, genetic, metabolic and developmental effects on adult period is necessary. Several mutations and abnormalities in 1-C metabolism noted in disease changing from diabetes, cancer, pregnancyrelated outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, premature delivery, cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the effects of 1-C metabolism, mainly the methionine and folate metabolism, in stem cells that exist in different developmental stages will be discussed.

3D printable Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel facilitated ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) neuron differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Wenwen Deng ◽  
Qingtong Yu ◽  
Congyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Cord Injury

Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are typical adult stem cells obtained from the cranial neural crest. They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, such as osseous cells, neurons and glial cells. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing is a novel method to construct biological structures by rapid prototyping. Previously, our group reported on the stemness and multi-lineage differentiation potential of EMSCs on gels. However, the exploration of EMSCs in 3 D printing and then evaluation of the growth and neuronal differentiation of EMSCs on extruded 3 D printable hybrid hydrogels has not been reported. Therefore, the current study explored the novel hybrid Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel extruded 3 D printing to design an in vitro scaffold to promote the differentiation and growth of EMSCs. In addition, the physical properties of the hydrogel were characterized and its drug-releasing property determined. Notably, the results showed that the construct exhibited a sustain-released effect of growth factor BDNF in accordance with the Higuchi equation. Moreover, the cell survival rate on the 3 D printed scaffold was 88.22 ± 1.13% with higher neuronal differentiation efficiency compared with 2 D culture. Thus, SA-MA’s ability to enhanced EMSCs neuronal differentiation offers a new biomaterial for neurons regeneration in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

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