Pemanfaatan Augmented Reality Dalam Dunia Pendidikan Untuk Mengenal Spesies Burung di Indonesia Berbasis Android

Setiap jenis hayati harus tetap dipertahankan fungsi dan keberadaannya, termasuk salah satunya yakni satwa burung. Di Indonesia sendiri memiliki 1.531 jenis burung dan 397 diantaranya endemik. Namun sayangnya, ada beberapa burung yang terancam punah, karena maraknya perburuan dan perdagangan liar. Sehingga generasi muda saat ini tidak memiliki pengetahuan terkait jenis burung. Berdasarkan masalah yang telah disebutkan maka penulis bermaksud untuk menggunakan teknologi yang telah dikembangkan saat ini yaitu Augmented Reality sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Dengan memanfaatkan Teknologi Augmented Reality dalam memperkenalkan spesies burung di Indonesia menggunakan metode marker berbasis Android. Untuk pembuatan aplikasi digunakan Unity dengan Vuforia, untuk pembuatan objek 3D digunakan aplikasi Blender 3D sebagai pemodelan objek burung. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi pemanfaatan Augmented Reality dalam pendidikan untuk mengenal spesies burung di Indonesia berbasis android, pada penelitian ini peneliti berhasil membuat memiliki rata-rata waktu load untuk memunculkan objek yaitu 2.5 detik. Sedangkan untuk minimal versi android untuk menggunakan aplikasi adalah Lollipop dengan RAM 4 GB. Untuk jarak deteksi dengan jarak yaitu 10 cm, 30 cm, dan 50 cm. Pengujian jarak terhadap marker, jarak ideal agar marker dapat ter-scan dengan baik adalah antara 10 cm, 30 cm, sedangkan pada jarak 50 cm marker tidak dapat terdeteksi. Dari hasil intensitas cahaya adalah pada nilai 2,7 Cd, 3,6 Cd, dan 6,4 Cd marker dapat terdeteksi dengan baik. Sedangkan nilai intensitas 65,6 Cd marker dapat terdeteksi namun load lama.

CD markers polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers in hematological malignancies

The clusters of differentiation (CD) are surface molecules used for immunophenotyping of cells. The expression of CD markers is widely used to classify hematological malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are crucial genetic changes that can be associated with abnormal expression and function of CD markers. In this paper, we assess the prognostic effect of CD markers’ SNPs in hematological malignancies. Materials and methods and relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (2001-2019) of English language papers using the following terms: ‘polymorphism’, ‘CD marker’, ‘leukemia’, ‘lymphoma’, ‘prognosis’, ‘CD marker’, and ‘polymorphism’. Many studies have demonstrated the effects of CD markers’ polymorphisms on risk of hematological malignancies. Also, SNPs of CD markers can be related with clinicopathological features, invasiveness, and response to therapy of these disorders. Considering the importance of SNPs in the expressions of CD markers, these genetic changes could be used as potential prognostic biomarkers in hematological malignancies. It is hoped that the evaluation of SNPs in CD markers will enable early diagnosis, prognosis, and detection of response to treatment. However, better understanding of SNPs in CD markers that are involved in hematological malignancies requires further studies on different populations of the worldwide.

Expression of Blood Cells Associated CD Markers and Cardiovascular Diseases: Clinical Applications in Prognosis

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality worldwide. The results of various studies have shown that abnormality in the frequency and function of blood cells can be involved in CVD complications. In this review, we have focused on abnormalities in the expression of the CD (cluster of differentiation) markers of blood cells to assess the association of these abnormalities with CVD prognosis. Methods We identified the relevant literature through a PubMed search (1990–2018) of English-language articles using the terms “Cardiovascular diseases”, “CD markers”, “leukocytes”, “platelets”, and “endothelial cells”. Results There is a variety of mechanisms for the effect of CD-marker expressions on CVDs prognosis, ranging from proinflammatory processes to dysfunctional effects in blood cells. Conclusion Considering the possible effects of CD-marker expression on CVDs prognosis, particularly prognosis of acute myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, long-term studies in large cohorts are required to identify the prognostic value of CD markers and to target them with appropriate therapeutic agents.

Primed PMNs in healthy mouse and human circulation are first responders during acute inflammation

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant circulating leukocytes, and the first cells recruited to sites of tissue inflammation. Using a fixation method to preserve native CD marker expression prior to immunophenotyping, we identified a distinct population of “primed for recruitment” PMNs in healthy mouse and human blood that has high expression of adhesion and activation markers compared with the bulk resting-state PMNs. In response to acute tissue inflammation, primed PMNs (pPMNs) were rapidly depleted from the circulation and recruited to the tissue. One hour after acute peritoneal insult, pPMNs became the dominant PMN population in bone marrow (BM) and blood, returning to baseline levels with resolution of inflammation. PMN priming was induced by the granulopoietic factors granulocyte-macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). High levels of pPMNs were observed in neutropenic mice and in pediatric neutropenic patients who were resistant to infection, highlighting an important role of this population in innate immune function.

Novel Assay To Characterize Neutrophil Responses to Oral Biofilms

ABSTRACTNeutrophils, the most numerous leukocytes, play an important role in maintaining oral health through interactions with oral microbial biofilms. Both neutrophil hyperactivity and the bacterial subversion of neutrophil responses can cause inflammation-mediated tissue damage like that seen in periodontal disease. We describe here an assay that assesses neutrophil activation responses to monospecies biofilm bacteriain vitrobased on the surface expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers associated with various neutrophil functions. Most of what we know about neutrophil responses to bacteria is based onin vitroassays that use planktonic bacteria and isolated/preactivated neutrophils, which makes interpretation of the neutrophil responses to bacteria a challenge. An understanding of how neutrophils differentially interact with and respond to commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria is necessary in order to further understand the neutrophil’s role in maintaining oral health and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this study, a flow cytometry-basedin vitroassay was developed to characterize neutrophil activation states based on CD marker expressions in response to oral monospecies bacterial biofilms. Using this approach, changes in CD marker expressions in response to specific prominent oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria were assayed. Several functional assays, including assays for phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and myeloperoxidase release, were also performed to correlate neutrophil function with CD marker expression. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils display bacterial species-specific responses. This assay can be used to characterize how specific biofilms alter specific neutrophil pathways associated with their activation.

The influence of age and osteoporosis on bone marrow stem cells from rats

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of age and osteoporosis on the proliferative and differentiating capacity of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in female rats. We also discuss the role of these factors on expression and migration of cells along the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) / stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) axis. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were harvested from the femora of young, adult, and osteopenic Wistar rats. Cluster of differentiation (CD) marker and CXCR-4 expression was measured using flow cytometry. Cellular proliferation was measured using Alamar Blue, osteogenic differentiation was measured using alkaline phosphatase expression and alizarin red production, and adipogenic differentiation was measured using Oil red O. Cells were incubated in Boyden chambers to quantify their migration towards SDF-1. Data was analyzed using a Student’s t-test, where p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results CD marker expression and proliferation of the MSCs from the three groups was not significantly different. The young MSCs demonstrated significantly increased differentiation into bone and fat and superior migration towards SDF-1. The migration of SDF-1 doubled with young rats compared with the adult rats (p = 0.023) and it was four times higher when compared with cells isolated from ovariectomized (OVX) osteopenic rats (p = 0.013). Conclusion Young rat MSCs are significantly more responsive to osteogenic differentiation, and, contrary to other studies, also demonstrated increased adipogenic differentiation compared with cells from adult and ostopenic rats. Young-rat-derived cells also showed superior migration towards SDF-1 compared with MSCs from OVX and adult control rats. Cite this article: A. Sanghani-Kerai, L. Osagie-Clouard, G. Blunn, M. Coathup. The influence of age and osteoporosis on bone marrow stem cells from rats. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:289–297. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2017-0302.R1.

Antibodies against Synthetic Deamidated Gliadin Peptides for Celiac Disease Diagnosis and Follow-Up in Children

Background: AGA IgA II and AGA IgG II have recently been suggested as reliable tools for celiac disease (CD) diagnosis. We compared their utility for diagnosis and monitoring CD in children with that of tTG IgA, an established CD marker.Methods: We studied a cohort of 161 CD and 129 control children in whom CD was histologically confirmed or ruled out. We followed 37 children with CD on a gluten-free diet for 12–84 months. In fasting sera, we measured AGA IgA II, AGA IgG II, and tTG IgA using ELISAs.Results: The best sensitivity (92.5%), specificity (97.6%), positive predictive value (98%), and negative predictive value (91.2%) were obtained using tTG IgA. AGA IgG II correctly identified 3 of 3 children with CD with total IgA deficiency who had negative AGA IgA II and tTG IgA results. In children &lt;2 years old without total IgA deficiency, AGA IgG II and tTG IgA performed equally well (sensitivity 96.4% and specificity 100%). AGA IgA II, AGA IgG II, and tTG IgA concentrations diminished significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) after 1 year of a gluten-free diet, reaching values below the cutoff in 87%, 70%, and 51% of cases, respectively.Conclusions: The best available index for diagnosing CD in children was tTG IgA. In infants &lt;2 years old, AGA IgG II performed as well as tTG IgA in cases without total IgA deficiency and allowed detection of CD when total IgA was &lt;0.06 g/L. Gluten-free diet monitoring can be achieved using any of the studied serum markers.