scholarly journals High-Risk Interactions for Transmission of CRE to Health Worker Gloves or Gown: A Multicenter Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s39-s40
Author(s):  
David Calfee ◽  
Loren Miller ◽  
Minh-Hong Nguyen ◽  
Lisa Pineles ◽  
Laurence Magder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Rectal Tube ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Therapists

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a serious threat to public health due to high associated morbidity and mortality. Healthcare personnel (HCP) gloves and gowns are frequently contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including CRE. We aimed to identify patients more likely to transmit CRE to HCP gloves or gowns and HCP types and interactions more likely to lead to glove or gown contamination. Methods:Between January 2016 and August 2018, patients with a clinical or surveillance culture positive for CRE in the preceding 7 days were enrolled at 5 hospitals in California, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania. Ten HCP–patient interactions were observed for each patient and were recorded by research staff. Following patient care, but prior to doffing, the gloves and gown of each HCP were sampled for the presence of CRE. Results: We enrolled 313 CRE-colonized patients, and we observed 3,070 HCP interactions. CRE was transmitted to HCP gloves in 242 of 3,070 observations (7.9%) and to gowns in 132 of 3,070 observations (4.3%). Transmission to either gloves or gown occurred in 308 of 3,070 interactions observed (10%). The most frequently identified organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 171, 53.2%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (n = 36, 11.2%), and Escherichia coli (n = 33, 10.3%). Patients in the intensive care unit (n = 177, 56.5%) were more likely to transmit CRE to HCP gloves or gown (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.03–2.64) compared to those not in an ICU and adjusted for HCP type. The odds of CRE transmission increased with the number of different items touched near the patient (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21–1.44) and with the number of different items touched in the environment (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06–1.21). Respiratory therapists had the highest rates of transmission to gloves and gown (OR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.61–8.94), followed by physical therapists and occupational therapists (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.01–8.32) when compared to HCP in the “other” category. Manipulating the rectal tube (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.53–6.04), providing wound care (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.73–4.59), and touching the endotracheal tube (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.86–4.19) were the interactions most strongly associated with CRE transmission compared to not touching these items and adjusted for HCP type. Conclusions: Transmission of CRE to HCP gloves and gowns occurs frequently. We identified interactions and HCP types that were particularly high risk for transmission. Infection control programs may wish to target infection prevention resources and education toward these high-risk professions and interactions.Funding: This work was supported by the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program (U43CK000450-01) and the NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI121146-01).Disclosures: None

scholarly journals 1837. Considerations for a Targeted Approach to Contact Precautions for Patients with MRSA in Hospitals: A Multicenter Cohort Study to Identify High-Risk Patient Characteristics and Healthcare Personnel Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S45-S45
Author(s):  
Lyndsay M O’Hara ◽  
David P Calfee ◽  
Loren G Miller ◽  
Lisa Harris ◽  
Laurence S Magder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Perianal Area ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Multicenter Cohort

Abstract Background Healthcare personnel’s (HCP) gloves and gowns are frequently contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intensive care unit (ICU). Guidelines recommend contact precautions for patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); however, this approach remains controversial. This study aimed to identify which patients are more likely to transfer MRSA to HCP gloves or gowns and to identify HCP interactions more likely to lead to glove or gown contamination. Methods In a multicenter cohort study of MRSA colonized patients, we observed HCP–patient interactions and cultured HCP’s gloves and gowns before doffing. We also assessed the association between bacterial burden and contamination by sampling patients’ anterior nares, perianal area, chest, and arm. Results We enrolled 402 MRSA-colonized patients and observed 3,982 HCP interactions. MRSA contamination of HCP gloves and gown occurred in 14.3% and 5.9% of interactions, respectively. Contamination of either gloves or gown occurred in 16.2% of interactions. Occupational/physical therapists had the highest rates of contamination (OR: 6.96 [95% CI: 3.51–13.79]), followed by respiratory therapists (OR: 5.34 [95% CI: 3.04–9.39]) when compared with the “Other” category. Touching the patient was associated with higher contamination (OR: 2.59 [95% CI: 1.04–6.51]) when compared with touching nothing in the room. Touching only the environment was not associated with glove or gown contamination (OR: 1.13 [95% CI: 0.43, 3.00]) when compared with touching nothing. Touching the endotracheal tube (OR: 1.75 [95% CI: 1.38–2.19]), bedding (OR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.20–1.70]) and bathing a patient (OR: 1.32 [95% CI: 1.01–1.75]) increased odds of contamination when compared with not having such contacts (Figures 1 and 2). We found an association between increasing bacterial burden in the patient’s nares, perianal area, and chest skin and glove or gown contamination. Conclusion Contamination of HCP gloves and gowns with MRSA occurs frequently when caring for ICU patients. We identified interactions that are high-risk for transmission. Hospitals may consider optimizing contact precautions by using less precautions for low-risk interactions and more precautions for high-risk interactions. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Optimizing Contact Precautions to Curb the Spread of Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria in Hospitals: A Multicenter Cohort Study to Identify Patient Characteristics and Healthcare Personnel Interactions Associated With Transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. S171-S177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsay M O’Hara ◽  
David P Calfee ◽  
Loren G Miller ◽  
Lisa Pineles ◽  
Laurence S Magder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Multicenter Cohort

Abstract Background Healthcare personnel (HCP) acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria on their gloves and gowns when caring for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Yet, contact precautions for patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains controversial despite existing guidelines. We sought to understand which patients are more likely to transfer MRSA to HCP and to identify which HCP interactions are more likely to lead to glove or gown contamination. Methods This was a prospective, multicenter cohort study of cultured HCP gloves and gowns for MRSA. Samples were obtained from patients’ anterior nares, perianal area, and skin of the chest and arm to assess bacterial burden. Results Among 402 MRSA-colonized patients with 3982 interactions, we found that HCP gloves and gowns were contaminated with MRSA 14.3% and 5.9% of the time, respectively. Contamination of either gloves or gowns occurred in 16.2% of interactions. Contamination was highest among occupational/physical therapists (odds ratio [OR], 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.51, 13.79), respiratory therapists (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 3.04, 9.39), and when any HCP touched the patient (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.04, 6.51). Touching the endotracheal tube (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.38, 2.19), bedding (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.70), and bathing (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.75) increased the odds of contamination. We found an association between increasing bacterial burden on the patient and HCP glove or gown contamination. Conclusions Gloves and gowns are frequently contaminated with MRSA in the ICU. Hospitals may consider using fewer precautions for low-risk interactions and more for high-risk interactions and personnel.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of 28 Hospitalized Patients Cocolonized With Multiple Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s62-s62
Author(s):  
Timileyin Adediran ◽  
Anthony Harris ◽  
J. Kristie Johnson ◽  
David Calfee ◽  
Loren Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Background: As carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) prevalence increases in the United States, the risk of cocolonization with multiple CRE may also be increasing, with unknown clinical and epidemiological significance. In this study, we aimed to describe the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of inpatients cocolonized with multiple CRE. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a large, multicenter prospective cohort study evaluating risk factors for CRE transmission to healthcare personnel gown and gloves. Patients were identified between January 2016 and June 2019 from 4 states. Patients enrolled in the study had a clinical or surveillance culture positive for CRE within 7 days of enrollment. We collected and cultured samples from the following sites from each CRE-colonized patient: stool, perianal area, and skin. A modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) was used to detect the presence or absence of carbapenemase(s). EDTA-modified CIM (eCIM) was used to differentiate between serine and metal-dependent carbapenemases. Results: Of the 313 CRE-colonized patients enrolled in the study, 28 (8.9%) were cocolonized with at least 2 different CRE. Additionally, 3 patients were cocolonized with >2 different CRE (1.0%). Of the 28 patients, 19 (67.6%) were enrolled with positive clinical cultures. Table 1 summarizes the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients. The most frequently used antibiotic prior to positive culture was vancomycin (n = 33, 18.3%). Among the 62 isolates from 59 samples from 28 patients cocolonized patients, the most common CRE species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 18, 29.0%), Escherichia coli (n = 10, 16.1%), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 9, 14.5%). Of the 62 isolates, 38 (61.3%) were mCIM positive and 8 (12.9%) were eCIM positive. Of the 38 mCIM-positive isolates, 33 (86.8%) were KPC positive, 4 (10.5%) were NDM positive, and 1 (2.6%) was negative for both KPC and NDM. Also, 2 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, and 1 E. cloacae were NDM-producing CRE. Conclusion: Cocolonization with multiple CRE occurs frequently in the acute-care setting. Characterizing patients with CRE cocolonization may be important to informing infection control practices and interventions to limit the spread of these organisms, but further study is needed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals 451. Evaluation of Exposure History in Healthcare Personnel with Coronavirus 2019 Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S293-S293
Author(s):  
Sandra Silva ◽  
Thriveen Mana ◽  
Davinder Bhullar ◽  
Beatrice Tabor ◽  
Curtis Donskey
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Abstract Background During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many healthcare personnel (HCP) have developed COVID-19. However, there is uncertainty regarding whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was acquired at work versus in the community. Methods We conducted a cohort study to examine exposure history of personnel with COVID-19 infection or asymptomatic carriage in a VA healthcare system. High-risk exposures were classified based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results Of 578 personnel tested, 49 (8%) had nasopharyngeal swabs with positive PCR results, including 45 (92%) with and 4 (8%) without COVID-19 symptoms. Of the 49 cases, 21 (43%) had a documented high-risk exposure at work, including 14 exposures to COVID-19 patients and 7 exposures to colonized or infected personnel. Exposures to infected patients most often were a result of delays in recognition of COVID-19 due to atypical presentations. Exposures to personnel with COVID-19 most often involved activities such as meals when facemasks were not worn. Most cases occurred among nurses (26, 53%) and administrative personnel (10, 20%); only 3 physicians developed COVID-19. No cases occurred in personnel working on COVID-19 wards. All personnel had mild or moderate disease. Conclusion Forty-three percent of healthcare personnel with COVID-19 had prior high-risk exposures at work. Improved detection of patients with atypical presentations and efforts to reduce high-risk contacts among personnel may reduce the risk for acquisition of SARS-CoV-2. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Quantifying the Risk of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Transmission From Patient to Healthcare Personnel in the Critical Care Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s364-s364
Author(s):  
Timileyin Adediran ◽  
Anthony Harris ◽  
J. Kristie Johnson ◽  
Mary-Claire Roghmann ◽  
Stephanie Hitchcok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Medication Delivery ◽  
Care Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Care

Background: Healthcare personnel (HCP) acquire MRSA on their gown and gloves during routine care activities for patients who are colonized or infected with MRSA at a rate of ∼15%. Certain care activities (eg, physical exam, care of endotracheal tube, wound care and bathing/hygiene) have been associated with a higher frequency of transmission from the patient to HCP gown and gloves than other activities (ie, administration of oral medicines, glucose monitoring, and manipulation of IV tubing/medication delivery). However, quantification of MRSA contamination and risk to subsequent patients is poorly defined. Objective: We sought to determine the mean MRSA colony-forming units (CFU) found on the gloves and gowns of HCP who acquire MRSA after various care activities involving patients with MRSA. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at the University of Maryland Medical Center from December 2018 to October 2019. We identified patients colonized or infected with MRSA based on culture data from the prior 7 days. HCP performing prespecified care activities on eligible patients were observed. To isolate the risk of each care activity, HCP donned new gloves and gown prior to a specific care activity. Once that care activity was performed, HCP gloves and gown were swabbed prior to the any further care activities. HCP gloves were cultured with an E-swab by swabbing each digit up and down 3 times followed by 2 circles on the palm of their hands. HCP gowns were sampled by swabbing a 15 × 30-cm area along the beltline of the gown and along each inner forearm twice. E-swab liquid was then serially diluted and plated in triplicate on CHROMagar MRSA II (BD, Sparks, MD) to obtain CFU. We calculated the median CFUs and the interquartile range (IQR) for each specific care activity stratified by gown and gloves. Results: In total, 604 HCP–patient care interactions were observed. Table 1 displays the mean MRSA CFUs stratified by gown and gloves for each patient care activity of interest. Conclusions: The quantity of MRSA found on gowns and gloves varies depending on patient care activities. Recognition of differential transmission rates between various activities may allow different approaches to infection prevention, such as the use of personal protective equipment in high- versus low-risk activities and/or the use of more aggressive interventions for high-risk activities.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Multidimensional dynamic healthcare personnel (HCP)-centric model from a low-income and middle-income country to support and protect COVID-19 warriors: a large prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043837
Author(s):  
Usha Dutta ◽  
Anurag Sachan ◽  
Madhumita Premkumar ◽  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Swapnajeet Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Risk Zones

ObjectivesHealthcare personnel (HCP) are at an increased risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection especially in resource-restricted healthcare settings, and return to homes unfit for self-isolation, making them apprehensive about COVID-19 duty and transmission risk to their families. We aimed at implementing a novel multidimensional HCP-centric evidence-based, dynamic policy with the objectives to reduce risk of HCP infection, ensure welfare and safety of the HCP and to improve willingness to accept and return to duty.SettingOur tertiary care university hospital, with 12 600 HCP, was divided into high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk zones. In the high-risk and medium-risk zones, we organised training, logistic support, postduty HCP welfare and collected feedback, and sent them home after they tested negative for COVID-19. We supervised use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and kept communication paperless.ParticipantsWe recruited willing low-risk HCP, aged <50 years, with no comorbidities to work in COVID-19 zones. Social distancing, hand hygiene and universal masking were advocated in the low-risk zone.ResultsBetween 31 March and 20 July 2020, we clinically screened 5553 outpatients, of whom 3012 (54.2%) were COVID-19 suspects managed in the medium-risk zone. Among them, 346 (11.4%) tested COVID-19 positive (57.2% male) and were managed in the high-risk zone with 19 (5.4%) deaths. One (0.08%) of the 1224 HCP in high-risk zone, 6 (0.62%) of 960 HCP in medium-risk zone and 23 (0.18%) of the 12 600 HCP in the low-risk zone tested positive at the end of shift. All the 30 COVID-19-positive HCP have since recovered. This HCP-centric policy resulted in low transmission rates (<1%), ensured satisfaction with training (92%), PPE (90.8%), medical and psychosocial support (79%) and improved acceptance of COVID-19 duty with 54.7% volunteering for re-deployment.ConclusionA multidimensional HCP-centric policy was effective in ensuring safety, satisfaction and welfare of HCP in a resource-poor setting and resulted in a willing workforce to fight the pandemic.

scholarly journals Decreasing Emergency Room Utilization in High Risk Geriatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Shamsi Fani ◽  
Lizette Munoz ◽  
Susana Lavayen ◽  
Blair McKenzie ◽  
Audrey Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mount Sinai Hospital ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Community Paramedicine ◽  
Ed Visits

Abstract Background: The Acute Life Interventions Goals & Needs Program (ALIGN) at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City aims to work closely with high risk geriatric patients for short term intensive management of acute medical and social issues. Quantitative measures for determining success of the program is comparing emergency room visits and hospitalizations prior to and after enrollment with ALIGN. The Community Paramedicine service allows a paramedic, the ALIGN provider, and an emergency room physician to assess and triage patients in their home via video conference thereby avoiding ED visits for non-urgent services. Method: We reviewed the utilization of the Community Paramedicine service (from July 2017-February 2020) and its impact on ALIGN’s efforts to reduce unnecessary ED visits and hospitalizations. Results: 36 patients were evaluated with the Community Paramedicine service (from July 2017-February 2020). 19 or 52.8% avoided an ED visit and 17 or 47.2% were transported to the ED. 12 or 70.6% were admitted to the hospital of those that were transported to the ED initially. Top reasons for transport to ED included generalized weakness, acute mental status change (AMS), and shortness of breath (SOB). Conclusions: A Community Paramedicine program utilized by a high risk geriatrics team like ALIGN is effective in reducing ED visits and hospitalizations for the elderly population who incur greater expenses to the health care system and traditionally have poorer health outcomes.

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