scholarly journals Surprisingly small: effects of “generous” social benefits on re-employment of (quasi-) jobless households

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
René Lehwess-Litzmann ◽  
Ides Nicaise
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Disincentive Effect ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article analyses whether the extent of public welfare provision influences the speed at which (quasi-)jobless households get (back) into employment. (Quasi-)joblessness is one of the key criteria defining the risk of poverty and social exclusion in the EU. Moreover, the perceived tension between the main functions of social benefits (protecting households from poverty and incentivising job search) is most acute among these households. Based on EU-SILC data, we examine changes of household work intensity during one year after benefit receipt. We observe that “more-generous” social benefits have a slightly negative impact. This can potentially be due to a disincentive effect of social benefits, but it can also mean that the additional financial leeway is used by job seekers to wait for more adequate job offers or engage in further training. Even though statistically significant, the estimated negative effects are very small.

scholarly journals Race and Networks in the Job Search Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Devah Pager
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Job Offers

Racial disparities persist throughout the employment process, with African Americans experiencing significant barriers compared to whites. This article advances the understanding of racial labor market stratification by bringing new theoretical insights and original data to bear on the ways social networks shape racial disparities in employment opportunities. We develop and articulate two pathways through which networks may perpetuate racial inequality in the labor market: network access and network returns. In the first case, African American job seekers may receive fewer job leads through their social networks than white job seekers, limiting their access to employment opportunities. In the second case, black and white job seekers may utilize their social networks at similar rates, but their networks may differ in effectiveness. Our data, with detailed information about both job applications and job offers, provide the unique ability to adjudicate between these processes. We find evidence that black and white job seekers utilize their networks at similar rates, but network-based methods are less likely to lead to job offers for African Americans. We then theoretically develop and empirically test two mechanisms that may explain these differential returns: network placement and network mobilization. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for scholarship on racial stratification and social networks in the job search process.

scholarly journals The Impact of Career Adaptability to the Job Search Strategies of Graduate Students in NCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Idda Felice S. Francisco ◽  
Mary Caroline N. Castano
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Objective – Job search is a continuous and developing process which is considered to be an essential part of the work-life of people due to its frequency and extensiveness. Previous literature on job search focusses on how hard job seekers search for a job but only have vague knowledge about the strategies that they use during the search. This study aims to identify the influence of career adaptability on employed graduate students in predicting their direct behaviors in the form of job search strategies used in the job search process. The study also aims to examine the impact of the job search strategies on the number of jobs offers received. Methodology/Technique –With a total of 388 samples, PLS-SEM is used to examine the relationship of the variables. Findings – Consistent with previous literature wherein job seekers primarily employ focused strategy when they have a career plan in mind, the results reveal that concern is positively and significantly related to focused strategy, as well as curiosity. Further analysis of the data reveals that exploratory strategy is positively and significantly affected by curiosity and confidence. Novelty – This implies that the more curious and confident graduate students are, the more exploratory they search. Furthermore, the results are consistent with previous studies wherein haphazard strategy was associated with fewer job offers while focused strategy was proven to have a positive effect on the number of job offers. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Job Search; Career Adaptability; Graduate Students; Job Search Strategies; Employment. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Francisco, I.F.S; Castano, M.C.N. 2020. The Impact of Career Adaptability to the Job Search Strategies of Graduate Students in NCR, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review 5(1) 41 – 50 https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.1(4) JEL Classification: A23. A29.

Are job seekers predisposed to job search strategies?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Ul Islam ◽  
Qingxiong (Derek) Weng ◽  
Zulqurnain Ali ◽  
Usman Ghani ◽  
Ataullah Kiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Job Offers

PurposeThis study examines the associations among specific personality traits, job search strategies (JSSs) and job search outcomes.Design/methodology/approachTime-lagged data (three-waves) were collected from 528 Chinese graduating students. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results revealed a positive association between conscientiousness and both a focused job search strategy (FJSS) and an exploratory job search strategy (EJSS). Neuroticism was positively related to a haphazard job search strategy (HJSS), but negatively associated with both a FJSS and an EJSS. Moreover, FJSS and EJSS were positively related to both the number of job offers (NJOs) and the number of satisfied job offers (NSJOs). However, compared with FJSS, EJSS explained more variance in NJOs but less in NSJOs. Additional analysis showed a significant positive association between conscientiousness and job search intensity (JSI), but no significant relationship between neuroticism and JSI. JSI had significant associations with both NJOs and NSJOs. Further, FJSS and EJSS mediated the association between focal personality traits and both NJOs and NSJOs. Additionally, JSI also mediated the association between conscientiousness and both NJOs and NSJOs.Originality/valuePrevious research has confirmed that JSSs (Stevens and Turban, 2001) are consequential for important job search outcomes. However, whether fresh job seekers are predisposed to the use of JSSs is yet to be explored. This study adds to the job search literature by filling this void.

Getting a Job

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Shoenfelt
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Media Image ◽  
Job Offers

This chapter provides readers with critical insights into the nuts and bolts of conducting a job search. Specific actions that industrial-organizational master’s students can take to execute a successful job search are provided. Actions in graduate school that lay a foundation for a successful job search include developing an elevator speech, pursuing internships (paid or unpaid), participating in applied projects, and ensuring a professional social media image. Strategies for completing an application, using applicant tracking systems, writing résumés and cover letters, responding to phone screens, preparing for interviews, and demonstrating job offer etiquette are provided. These strategies enable most job seekers to land one or multiple job offers within six months of graduation.

Contemporary German-French relations in political-military sphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-313
Author(s):  
Philipp Trunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Eu

Since the era of Cold War the dialogue with France has been too important for FRG in its efforts to strengthen its influence both in the Euro-Atlantic community and in the world. That is why the article has the goal to explore the relations between these two European powers in the security sphere from the second half of the 2010 s until the beginning of the 2020 s. The paper tries to determine the degree of institutionalization of interstate relations and the role of bilateral negotiating platforms in the creating of common position on international problems. It is also important to show the dynamics of negotiating process on the highest level. The author also examines the key articles of the Aachen Treaty (2019). In this regard the paper analyses early efforts of Emmanuel Macron to confirm French leadership in bilateral tandem. The article considers the features of German-French tactics to minimize negative impact of Brexit on the EU. Another aspect is the tandem actions aimed at weakening of negative effects of the steps of Trump`s administration over the system of international security. In this regard it`s important to show German-French contribution in the development of PESCO and also to analyse what problems and perspectives two powers may face on their way to the creation of common European army. Another interesting aspect is the features of common approach to the resolution of the armed conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, keeping JCPOA. The article also covers the «bottlenecks» and features of German diplomatic and military assistance to France in Mali. The situation shows the growing mutual interest for the deepening of cooperation in the Sahel G5 (also Burkina-Faso, Mauretania, Niger, Tchad). The author concludes about the prospects of German leadership in the tandem and its importance for both powers in the long-term.

Preventing the Negative Effects of the Covid-19 Epidemic in International Freight Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
László Vida ◽  
Béla Illés ◽  
Ágota Bányai
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Container Handling ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Physical Internet ◽  
Sizeable Reduction ◽  
The Eu

Measures taken to handle the COVID-19 epidemic in the spring of 2020 have had a significant impact on European supply chains. In terms of freight transport, this has led to a decline and congestion in truck traffic due to different restrictions on the internal borders of the EU. As similar situations cannot be avoided in the future, it is worthy to form supply chains that are less affected by different epidemics. Similarly to the physical internet hubs, distribution hubs can be forward-looking, but only if it helps development of rail-road intermodal freight transport. The article describes the possibility of a rail-road freight transport system that allows the application of radically new solutions through a new container handling technology that can be used in the rail-road relationship. The extension of the idea at the EU level could result in a significant increase in the share of rail freight and a sizeable reduction of the negative impact of epidemics on the supply chains. Among other effects, the solution can have a significant impact on the IT development of rail freight transport. The solution can also have effect to the development of the network of rail-road intermodal trans-shipment points, their automation and ultimately the completion of Logistics 4.0.

Feeling Positive, Negative, or Both? Examining the Self-Regulatory Benefits of Emotional Ambivalence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Gabriel ◽  
Marcus M. Butts ◽  
Nitya Chawla ◽  
Serge P. da Motta Veiga ◽  
Daniel B. Turban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Emotional Ambivalence ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Organizational Scholarship

According to self-regulation theories, affect plays a crucial role in driving goal-directed behaviors throughout employees’ work lives. Yet past work presents inconsistent results regarding the effects of positive and negative affect with theory heavily relying on understanding the separate, unique effects of each affective experience. In the current research, we integrate tenets of emotional ambivalence with self-regulation theories to examine how the conjoint experience of positive and negative affect yields benefits for behavioral regulation. We test these ideas within a self-regulatory context that has frequently studied the benefits of affect and has implications for all employees at one point in their careers: the job search. Adopting a person-centered (i.e., profile-based) perspective across two within-person investigations, we explore how emotional ambivalence relates to job search success (i.e., interview invitations, job offers) via job search self-regulatory processes (i.e., metacognitive strategies, effort). Results illustrate that the subsequent week (i.e., at time t + 1; Study 1) and month (Study 2) after job seekers experience emotional ambivalence (i.e., positive and negative affect experienced jointly at similar levels at time t), they receive more job offers via increased job search effort and interview invitations. Theoretical and practical implications for studying emotional ambivalence in organizational scholarship are discussed.

scholarly journals Peer networks in the school-to-work transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Ruschoff ◽  
Katariina Salmela-Aro ◽  
Thomas Kowalewski ◽  
Jan Kornelis Dijkstra ◽  
René Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Network Size ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Peer Networks ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Job Offers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether young people’s peer networks can be an asset in finding employment during the transition from school to work. It examines whether peer networks size and peers’ self-efficacy regarding their own job search are associated with job seekers’ career-relevant behaviors and outcomes, i.e., the number of applications completed and the number of job offers received. Design/methodology/approach Associations between job seekers’ peer networks and their job search behaviors and outcomes were investigated during their final year of vocational training. Sociometric measures were used to assess young people’s peer network size. Sociometric and self-report measures were used to establish the characteristics of the peers that comprise each job seekers’ network, resulting in the overall self-efficacy across each job seekers’ network. Findings The results show that peers’ efficacy beliefs are positively associated with young people’s engagement in job search activities (i.e. a greater number of applications completed) and indirectly associated with their job search outcomes (i.e. a greater number of job offers, which are mediated by the number of applications) that are independent of the peer network size. Originality/value The results underline that although peers might not provide instrumental support, encouraging interactions with (efficacious) peers may nonetheless be beneficial to young job seekers. Methodologically, the results demonstrate that the operationalization of self-efficacy as a network characteristic might provide us with valuable insights into the characteristics that turn social networks into beneficial social resources.

scholarly journals Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap? The Effect of Plan-Making Prompts on Job Search and Employment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Abel ◽  
Rulof Burger ◽  
Eliana Carranza ◽  
Patrizio Piraino
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Search Efficiency ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Plan ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Plan Making

The paper tests the effects of plan making on job search and employment. In a field experiment with unemployed youths, participants who complete a detailed job search plan increase the number of job applications submitted (by 15 percent) but not the time spent searching, consistent with intention-behavior gaps observed at baseline. Job seekers in the plan-making group diversify their search strategy and use more formal search channels. This greater search efficiency and effectiveness translate into more job offers (30 per cent) and employment (26 percent). Weekly reminders and peer support sub-treatments do not improve the impacts of plan making. (JEL C93, D91, J64, J68)

scholarly journals Inequality Within the EU-15 Countries: Have Social Benefits Been Pro-poor, Pro-middle Class or Pro-rich?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Abdulaleem Moyosore Isiaka
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This study utilizes static and dynamic panel models in investigating the impact of social benefits on the aggregate level of income inequality as well as on the income shares of different income groups within the EU-15 countries over the period 1995-2015. While the static panel regression models are estimated with Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) and Least Squares Dummy Variables (LSDV) techniques, the dynamic panel regressions are estimated using dynamic GMM-IV technique. Diagnostic tests indicate that the results from the GMM-IV technique are consistent and the associated instrumental variables are valid; hence this study gives preference to the results from this technique. The results indicate that social benefits generally have a significantly negative impact on the aggregate level of inequality, a positive impact on the income shares of the low and middle income groups, and a negative impact on the income shares of the high income groups. In the long run, the sign and significance of the parameter estimates remain unchanged but their sizes increase considerably. This research considers a variety of theories and finds that there exists much ambiguity in the theoretical literature. Based on its findings, this study recommends that policymakers address rising income inequality by intensifying efforts towards raising social benefits and ensuring that the welfare system is efficiently managed.

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