Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of invasive Eurasian (Myriophyllum spicatum) and hybrid (Myriophyllum spicatum × Myriophyllum sibiricum) watermilfoil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Thum ◽  
Gregory M. Chorak ◽  
Raymond M. Newman ◽  
Jasmine A. Eltawely ◽  
Jo Latimore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plant ◽  
Myriophyllum Sibiricum ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Herbicide Response

AbstractPopulation genetic studies of within- and among-population genetic variability are still lacking for managed submerged aquatic plant species, and such studies could provide important information for managers. For example, the extent of within-population genetic variation may influence the potential for managed populations to locally adapt to environmental conditions and control tactics. Similarly, among-population variation may influence whether specific control tactics work equally effectively in different locations. In the case of invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), including interspecific hybrids with native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.), managers recognize that there is genetic variation for growth and herbicide response. However, it is unclear how much overall genetic variation there is, and how it is structured within and among populations. Here, we studied patterns of within- and among-lake genetic variation in 41 lakes in Michigan and 62 lakes in Minnesota using microsatellite markers. We found that within-lake genetic diversity was generally low, and among-lake genetic diversity was relatively high. However, some lakes were genetically diverse, and some genotypes were shared across multiple lakes. For genetically diverse lakes, managers should explicitly recognize the potential for genotypes to differ in control response and should account for this in monitoring and efficacy evaluation and using pretreatment herbicide screens to predict efficacy. Similarly, managers should consider differences in genetic composition among lakes as a source of variation in the growth and herbicide response of lakes with similar control tactics. Finally, laboratory or field information on control efficacy from one lake may be applied to other lakes where genotypes are shared among lakes.

RAPD analysis on genetic diversity of typical tea populations in Hunan Province

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Shen Cheng-Wen ◽  
Huang Yi-Huan ◽  
Huang Jian-An ◽  
Luo Jun-Wu ◽  
Liu Chun-Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

AbstractGenetic diversity and genetic variation of 240 adult plants of four tea populations in Hunan – Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, C. sinensis var. assamica cv. Duntsa, C. ptilophylla and C. sinensis var. assamica cv. Jianghua – were studied by rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The results showed 226 loci using 21 random primers (10 bp), of which 201 (88.9%) were polymorphic. The genetic diversity analysis indicated that Shannon's index was 0.43; 74.7% of which was within-population genetic diversity while 25.3% was among-population variation. The gene diversity indexes of total populations (HT), within populations (HS) and among populations (HST) were, respectively, 0.37, 0.28 and 0.09. The coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) among populations was 0.23, indicating a 76.7% variation within populations and 23.3% among populations. These results displayed a rich within-population genetic variation, as in Shannon's diversity index. Interpopulation gene flow (Nm) was 0.74, which indicates the limited genetic exchange between populations.

Distribution of genetic diversity in wild European populations of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola): implications for plant genetic resources management

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. M. van de Wiel ◽  
T. Sretenović Rajičić ◽  
R. van Treuren ◽  
K. J. Dehmer ◽  
C. G. van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Nbs Profiling ◽  
The Uk

Genetic variation in Lactuca serriola, the closest wild relative of cultivated lettuce, was studied across Europe from the Czech Republic to the United Kingdom, using three molecular marker systems, simple sequence repeat (SSR, microsatellites), AFLP and nucleotide-binding site (NBS) profiling. The ‘functional’ marker system NBS profiling, targeting disease resistance genes of the NBS/LRR family, did not show marked differences in genetic diversity parameters to the other systems. The autogamy of the species resulted in low observed heterozygosity and high population differentiation. Intra-population variation ranged from complete homogeneity to nearly complete heterogeneity. The highest genetic diversity was found in central Europe. The SSR results were compared to SSR variation screened earlier in the lettuce collection of the Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN). In the UK, practically only a single SSR genotype was found. This genotype together with a few other common SSR genotypes comprised a large part of the plants sampled on the continent. Among the ten most frequent SSR genotypes observed, eight were already present in the CGN collection. Overall, the CGN collection appears to already have a fair representation of genetic variation from NW Europe. The results are discussed in relation to sampling strategies for improving genebank collections of crop wild relatives.

Genetic variation in the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Southgate ◽  
Mark Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Data Support

The taxonomic status of and genetic diversity amongst extant populations of the greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis, were assessed using allozyme electrophoresis. A total of 47 bilbies sampled from three geographic areas and two captive colonies were screened for 42 loci, six of which were polymorphic. The results are consistent with the view that all extant populations represent a single biological species. All populations were genetically very similar (Nei D's 0.000 to 0.004) and overall levels of within-population genetic variability were low (Ho 0.004 � 0.004 to 0.0026 � 0.017). The allozyme data support the hypothesis that there has been no significant loss of variability in the captive colonies when compared to the species as a whole.

scholarly journals Impact of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae on juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) survival in the northern Basin and Range ecosystem

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10710
Author(s):  
Robert S. Spaan ◽  
Clinton W. Epps ◽  
Rachel Crowhurst ◽  
Donald Whittaker ◽  
Mike Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Basin And Range ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae

Determining the demographic impacts of wildlife disease is complex because extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of survival, reproduction, body condition, and other factors that may interact with disease vary widely. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection has been linked to persistent mortality in juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), although mortality appears to vary widely across subspecies, populations, and outbreaks. Hypotheses for that variation range from interactions with nutrition, population density, genetic variation in the pathogen, genetic variation in the host, and other factors. We investigated factors related to survival of juvenile bighorn sheep in reestablished populations in the northern Basin and Range ecosystem, managed as the formerly-recognized California subspecies (hereafter, “California lineage”). We investigated whether survival probability of 4-month juveniles would vary by (1) presence of M. ovipneumoniae-infected or exposed individuals in populations, (2) population genetic diversity, and (3) an index of forage suitability. We monitored 121 juveniles across a 3-year period in 13 populations in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada. We observed each juvenile and GPS-collared mother semi-monthly and established 4-month capture histories for the juvenile to estimate survival. All collared adult females were PCR-tested at least once for M. ovipneumoniae infection. The presence of M. ovipneumoniae-infected juveniles was determined by observing juvenile behavior and PCR-testing dead juveniles. We used a known-fate model with different time effects to determine if the probability of survival to 4 months varied temporally or was influenced by disease or other factors. We detected dead juveniles infected with M. ovipneumoniae in only two populations. Derived juvenile survival probability at four months in populations where infected juveniles were not detected was more than 20 times higher. Detection of infected adults or adults with antibody levels suggesting prior exposure was less predictive of juvenile survival. Survival varied temporally but was not strongly influenced by population genetic diversity or nutrition, although genetic diversity within most study area populations was very low. We conclude that the presence of M. ovipneumoniae can cause extremely low juvenile survival probability in translocated bighorn populations of the California lineage, but found little influence that genetic diversity or nutrition affect juvenile survival. Yet, after the PCR+ adult female in one population died, subsequent observations found 11 of 14 ( 79%) collared adult females had surviving juveniles at 4-months, suggesting that targeted removals of infected adults should be evaluated as a management strategy.

scholarly journals Regional genetic diversity in circadian period in Boechera stricta populations is high relative to the global range of diversity in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robby McMinn ◽  
Matti Salmela ◽  
Cynthia Weinig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Boechera Stricta

Circadian clocks manifest adaptations to predictable 24-h fluctuations in the exogenous environment, but it has yet to be determined why the endogenous circadian period length in the wild varies genetically around the hypothesized optimum of 24 h. We quantified genetic variation in circadian period in leaf movement in 30 natural populations of the Arabidopsis relative Boechera stricta sampled within only 1° of latitude but across an elevational gradient spanning 2460−3300 m in the Rocky Mountains. Measuring over 3800 plants from 473 maternal families (7−20 per population), we found genetic variation that was of similar magnitude among vs. within populations, with population means varying between 21.9−24.9 h and maternal family means within populations varying by up to ~6 h. After statistically factoring out spatial autocorrelation at the habitat extremes, we found that elevation explained a significant proportion of genetic variation in circadian period such that higher-elevation populations had shorter mean period lengths and less within-population variation. Environmental data indicate that these spatial trends could be related to steep regional climatic gradients in temperature, precipitation, and their intra-annual variability. Our findings provide evidence that spatially fine-grained environmental heterogeneity contributes to naturally occurring genetic diversity in circadian traits in wild populations.

Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure in the Rare Chittering Grass Wattle, Acacia anomala Court

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Coates
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allozyme Loci

There are 10 known populations of Acacia anomala occurring in two small disjunct groups some 30 km apart. The Chittering populations reproduce sexually whereas the Kalamunda populations appear to reproduce almost exclusively by vegetative multiplication. The level and distribution of genetic variation were studied at 15 allozyme loci. Two loci were monomorphic in all populations. In the Chittering populations the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.0 and the expected panmictic heterozygosity (genetic diversity) 0.209. In the Kalamunda populations the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.15 and the expected panmictic heterozygosity 0.079, although the observed heterozygosity of 0.150 was only marginally less than the Chittering populations (0.177). These data support the contention that the Chittering populations are primarily outcrossing whereas the Kalamunda populations are clonal, with each population consisting of individuals with identical and, in three of the four populations, heterozygous, multilocus genotypes. The level of genetic diversity within the Chittering populations is high for plants in general even though most populations are relatively smsll and isolated. It is proposed that either the length of time these populations have been reduced in size and isolated is insufficient for genetic diversity to be reduced or the genetic system of this species is adapted to small population conditions. Strategies for the adequate conservation of the genetic resources of Acacia anomala are discussed.

High resolution DNA fingerprinting by AFLP to study the genetic variation amongOesophagostomum bifurcum(Nematoda) from human and non-human primates from Ghana

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. DE GRUIJTER ◽  
R. B. GASSER ◽  
A. M. POLDERMAN ◽  
V. ASIGRI ◽  
LENIE DIJKSHOORN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Patas Monkey ◽  
Olive Baboon ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Mona Monkey

An AFLP approach was established to investigate genetic diversity withinOesophagostomum bifurcum(order Strongylida) from human and non-human primates. Evaluation of different combinations of restriction enzymes (n=8) and primers (n=29) demonstrated that the use ofHindIII/BglII digested templates and primers with the selective nucleotides +AG/+AC, respectively, was the most effective for the analysis ofO. bifurcumDNA. A total of 63O. bifurcumadults from human, Patas monkey, Mona monkey and Olive baboon hosts from different geographical regions in Ghana were subjected to analysis using this method. Cluster analysis revealed 4 genetically distinct groups, namelyO. bifurcumfrom the Patas monkey (I), from the Mona monkey (II), from humans (III) and from the Olive baboon (IV). These findings were concordant with those achieved previously using RAPD analysis and supports population genetic substructuring withinO. bifurcumaccording to host species. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the present AFLP method for establishing genetic variation withinO. bifurcum, and indicates its applicability to other parasitic nematodes of human and/or veterinary health importance.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and population structure of clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a fine geographic scale: a comparison with two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Kuan Li ◽  
Ying-Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background There has always been controversy over whether clonal plants have lower genetic diversity than plants that reproduce sexually. These conflicts could be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken into account the mating system of sexually reproducing plants and their phylogenetic distance. Moreover, most clonal plants in these previous studies regularly produce sexual progeny. Here, we describe a study examining the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and between local populations of fully clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a microgeographical scale and compare the results with data for the closely related selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Such studies could disentangle the phylogenetic and sexually reproducing effect on genetic variation of clonal plants, and thus contribute to an improved understanding in the clonally reproducing effects on genetic diversity and population structure. Results The results revealed that the level of local population genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet was comparable to that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum and significantly higher than that of selfing Z. corallinum. However, the level of microgeographic genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet is comparable to that of selfing Z. corallinum and even slightly higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. The genetic differentiation among local populations of clonal Z. zerumbet was significantly lower than that of selfing Z. corallinum, but higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within local populations of Z. zerumbet compared with selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Conclusions Our study shows that fully clonal plants are able not only to maintain a high level of within-population genetic diversity like outcrossing plants, but can also maintain a high level of microgeographic genetic diversity like selfing plant species, probably due to the accumulation of somatic mutations and absence of a capacity for sexual reproduction. We suggest that conservation strategies for the genetic diversity of clonal and selfing plant species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially fragments within ecosystems, while maintenance of large populations is a key to enhance the genetic diversity of outcrossing species.

scholarly journals Variable opportunities for outcrossing result in hotspots of novel genetic variation in a pathogen metapopulation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Liisa Laine ◽  
Benoit Barrès ◽  
Elina Numminen ◽  
Jukka P Siren
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
To Come ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Many pathogens possess the capacity for sex through outcrossing, despite being able to reproduce also asexually and/or via selfing. Given that sex is assumed to come at a cost, these mixed reproductive strategies typical of pathogens have remained puzzling. While the ecological and evolutionary benefits of outcrossing are theoretically well-supported, support for such benefits in pathogen populations are still scarce. Here, we analyze the epidemiology and genetic structure of natural populations of an obligate fungal pathogen, Podosphaera plantaginis. We find that the opportunities for outcrossing vary spatially. Populations supporting high levels of coinfection –a prerequisite of sex – result in hotspots of novel genetic diversity. Pathogen populations supporting coinfection also have a higher probability of surviving winter. Jointly our results show that outcrossing has direct epidemiological consequences as well as a major impact on pathogen population genetic diversity, thereby providing evidence of ecological and evolutionary benefits of outcrossing in pathogens.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Dendrobium Nobile in Southwest of China Based On Genotyping-by-Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao He ◽  
Changrong Ye ◽  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Xiaoli Fan ◽  
Tianfang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dendrobium Nobile ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quality Value

Abstract Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is one of the most important Orchid plants worldwide. The genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) method has now been widely used to access genetic diversity because of its high-throughput and cost-effective in molecular markers. The goal of this study was to employ the GBS technique for diversity evaluation of D. nobile and determine genetic differences between populations. A total of 129 accessions of D. nobile collected originally between 2019 and 2020 from 10 imitation-wild cultivated populations growing in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of southwestern China were sequenced, a total of 135G clean reads and a total of 836,786 SNPs of high quality data was yielded and were used for final analysis of genetic diversity and population structure. The quality value 20(Q20) ≥ 92.61%, the quality value 30(Q30) ≥ 82.38%. The GC contents distributed between 37.58% and 38.82%. It was also found that more transitions than transversions, and the ratio of transition/transversion varied from 1.804 to 1.911. By the methods of STRUCTURE, the most appropriate number was found to be k=3, all accessions of D. nobile were classified into three groups, excepts for 14 accessions belonging to admixed group. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis (PCA) were consistent with the result. The first two principal components explained a total of 23.25% of the variation by PCA. The genetic diversity of ML population showed the lower genetic diversity as indicated by the effective number of alleles (Ne) = 1.287, polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.141, and Shannon's information index (I) = 0.205, while WT population showed slightly higher genetic diversity by the Ne =1.512, PIC =0.256, and I =0.360. ML population and other nine populations (FB, FM, FX, LJ, SJ, SP, WL, WT and XM) were the most divergent between them respectively owing to all pairwise Fst values above 0.25, while FM population and FX population were considered identical because the pairwise Fst value was 0.0 between the two populations. Correlation analysis showed that highly significant correlation was observed between genetic distance and actual geographical distance (r = 0.854, P < 0.0001), indicating that the genetic differentiation of the 10 D.nobile populations conformed to the geographical isolation model. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic variation was greater within populations (87.8%) than among populations (12.2%). This confirmed that intra-population variation was the main source of genetic variation in 10 D. nobile populations. The results also showed that Nm = 1.799 > 1, indicating that there was gene exchange between different populations. Analysis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) suggested that the 10 populations were classified into three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III), Group III could be further divided into two subgroups (Group IIIa and Group IIIb). The results will not only provide valuable information for the level of genetic diversity of D.nobile growing in southwestern of China but also help for formulation of strategies for resource protection and utilization. Moreover, GBS appears as an efficient tool to detect intra-population variation.

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