COMPLAINING ABOUT LIVED SPACES: RESPONSES TO THE URBAN LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF NORTHERN SONG KAIFENG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lik Hang Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Lived Spaces ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article explores the understudied issue of urban problems in pre-modern China and examines the responses to the negative impact of urban development on life in the populous city of Kaifeng in the Northern Song (960–1127). Although writers, painters, and historians have portrayed the capital city's splendor for centuries, various urban problems emerged as medieval China became a more urbanized society. This article investigates Ouyang Xiu's (1007–1072) accounts of how extreme weather conditions adversely affected the lives of Kaifeng residents. These experiences, which he discussed in letters and poems, are associated with longer trends that result in climatic anomalies and disasters in the city. Ouyang Xiu also complained about living costs and medical services in Kaifeng. These reflect the difficulties in maintaining good urban provisions and services in a city of this scale.

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk assessment of the population under adverse weather conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-492
Author(s):  
R. B. Tsallagova ◽  
O. I. Kopytenkova ◽  
Fatima K. Makoeva ◽  
A. R. Nanieva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. Climate change around the world determines the relevance of the study of its effects on the human health. Nowadays, due to the development of modern medical science, the methods of evidence-based analysis of negative impact of the environmental factors on the public health are being widely implemented into preventive medicine. Their use should make it possible to quantify the various risks with high confidence and to manage them effectively. Material and methods. The weather conditions of the territory of Vladikavkaz for a 15-years period (2001-2015) have been studied. On the basis of the data from the primary medical documentation of emergency medical care (EMC) for the same period, the health status of the adult population in the city has been studied. The impact of the meteorological elements under the study on the frequency of seeking EMC was estimated using the relative (RR) and population risks (Rpop) values. Results. For the city of Vladikavkaz (according to the medical classification of weather conditions), high air humidity is typical for 65% of the days in a year, low air velocity (less than 3 m/s) - 77% of the days in a year. Inter-day fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric air pressure, exceeding the optimal levels for the human body, are recorded more than in 30% of the days in a year. Discussion. The city of Vladikavkaz is characterized by windless, wet weather, with frequent inter-day fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric air pressure, which corresponds to the clinically irritating and acute types of weather. Conclusion. The calculations of the relative and the population risks of impact of meteorological changes on the developing of urgent cardiovascular conditions in the population of Vladikavkaz showed RR of combining two unfavourable weather factors to be of 1.081 (p <0.0001), and the Rpop increases by more than 3600 additional EMC calls due to cardiovascular pathology.

scholarly journals The city, its inhabitants and the urban living environment in the conditions of advancing motorisation (an example of Poznań)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (38) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jerzy J. Parysek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Street Traffic ◽  
Goal Implementation ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Changes

AbstractWhen observing the development and operation of modern cities, one can quickly come to the conclusion that in the recent years the chief factor of the spatial-structural transformation of cities in Poland (though not only there) and the spatial behaviour of their residents has been motorisation, and more precisely, the car. This is so because the car, while facilitating and intensifying mobility, makes it possible to draw places of residence apart from those of goal implementation. The ever-growing number of cars moving around a city leads to disturbances in street traffic, makes the service of residents worse, causes many road accidents, and brings about unfavourable qualitative changes in the environment. That is why in many recent conceptions of urban development there appear measures intended to restrict the use of cars, which is one of the ways leading to the construction of ‘a city for people’. This paper presents the effect of motorisation on modern cities as documented by statistical data concerning Poznań, one of the largest and oldest Polish cities.

scholarly journals Optimization of intercept parking lots

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Tatyana Simankina ◽  
Vitaly Lukinov ◽  
Denis Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

The paper discusses the main prerequisites for the development of parking lots. The main problems are estimated, the solution of which is the construction of multi-level intercept parking lots. The urgency of the problem is associated with the increasing gas pollution in the city, an increase in the number of accidents, a decrease in the speed of delivery of goods and the availability of parking spaces in the city center. The parking lot is considered, which provides its functions all year round regardless of weather conditions. At the same time, design solutions and materials were selected to minimize financial costs. The use of steel as the main material for supporting structures makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction. Structural columns, vertical ties and beams are made from it. Floor slabs should be made of reinforced concrete on fixed formwork from galvanized corrugated sheet of various grades. When using sheets with a high corrugation, it is possible to create a ceiling without secondary beams. Staircases, stairways and elevator shafts should also be made from reinforced concrete or from concrete blocks in order to achieve the required fire resistance limit corresponding to that required for parking lot. The appearance of the multi-level intercept parking lot meets modern aesthetic requirements and also has a positive effect on the minds of motorists, appearing as part of a comfortable living environment.

URBAN PLANNING ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
В. А. Ильичев ◽  
В. И. Колчунов ◽  
Н. В. Бакаева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
The City

Постановка задачи. Новые вызовы современности и динамика общественно-политических и социально-экономических факторов развития России существенным образом влияют на методологию градостроительства. Ухудшающаяся во многих городах экологическая обстановка побуждает по-новому подойти к ее осмыслению и ставит задачу разработки новых принципов жизнедеятельности города, регламентирующих биосферную совместимость городов и развитие человеческого потенциала. Требуется создание программ реновации городской среды и действенных механизмов их реализации на основе новой парадигмы биосферосовместимых технологий. Результаты. В статье рассмотрен принципиально новый подход - градоустройство, под которым следует понимать систему фундаментальных положений о жизнеустройстве на территориях городов и поселений, а также принципы их пространственного развития и расселения. В практическом плане градоустройство - это деятельность по внутреннему обустройству среды жизнедеятельности города, созданию благоприятных условий для жизни всех без исключения категорий и слоев населения. Принципиальные отличия концепции градоустройства от градостроительства связаны с необходимостью осознания единства города и природы, симбиотического «встраивания» города в биосферу. Центральными элементами концепции градоустройства является человек, условия для его развития в городской среде. Выводы. Практика градоустройства позволяет решать проблемы инновационного развития экономики городов и повышения человеческого потенциала, а в долгосрочной перспективе - преобразования городов в биосферосовместимые и развивающие человека в безальтернативных условиях для выживания человечества, ставящих в приоритет развитие интеллектуального сообщества. Statement of the problem. New current challenges and the dynamics of socio-political and socio-economic factors in the development of Russia significantly affect the methodology of urban planning. The deteriorating environmental situation in a lot of cities encourages the design of a new approach to understanding and developing new principles of city life that regulate the biosphere compatibility of cities and development of human capital as the main criteria for the effectiveness of territorial planning, construction and operation of urban facilities. Results. The article deals with a fundamentally new approach-urban planning which should be understood as a system of fundamental provisions on life in the territories of cities and settlements and principles of their spatial development and settlement. Practically speaking, urban planning is an activity for the internal arrangement of the city's living environment, creating favorable conditions for the life of all categories and strata of the population without exception. The fundamental differences between the concept of urban development and urban planning are related to the need to understand the unity of the city and nature, the symbiotic “embedding” of the city in the biosphere. The central element of the concept of urban development is the person, the conditions for its development in the urban environment. Conclusions. As part of the research, the practice of urban planning allows one to solve the problems of innovative development of the urban economy and increasing human potential, and in the long term - transforming cities into biosphere-compatible and developing people as an alternative condition for the survival of humanity and a priority for its development as an intellectual community.

The Application Research of Basic Surveying and Mapping Product in Urban Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 1630-1633
Author(s):  
Hui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Management ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Urban Management ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The City ◽  
Surveying And Mapping

Since the traditional urban management style has been unable to cope with contemporary challenges of the growing number of urban problems, the implementation of urban information management and urban meticulous management are important measure to improve the performance of urban management, and it is an effective way for the city to improve the production and living environment and the urban quality. Exploring of the role of basic surveying and mapping production in urban management is helpful to improve the city’s planning, construction, management and service levels. This paper summarizes the uses of basic surveying and mapping production in the management of city.

Air pollution studies in “street canyons” in Minsk and urban planning for minimization of its exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Krukowskaya ◽  
Hanna Malchykhina
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The City

&lt;p&gt;Reducing the risks associated with the effects of polluted air on public health is one of the main tasks of sustainable urban development. This problem can be solved in two different ways: by emission reduction and by minimization of human exposure to elevated concentrations of pollutants. In the context of the second approach, it is important to plan the urban area in order to minimize places with a large number of people and poor dispersion conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this purpose investigation and identification of street canyons in Minsk city was performed. With population ca 2 mln inhabitants Minsk is one of the most populated European cities. Due to many historical destructions of the city nowadays it has mainly planned structure of streets and buildings according to General plans of urban development designed in the second part of the XX century. According to the plans Minsk has relatively wide main transport lines surrounded by mid-level buildings and has good conditions for air circulation and air pollutions spatial dispersion. Nevertheless, there is some location in the city with conditions close to urban street canyons and is characterised with high pedestrian and traffic intensity. Besides in modern construction so density planning not so rare. That's in addition to limited air pollution concentration researches makes important measurements and assessments in such conditions in Minsk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For sampling, urban canyons NOx concentration in the air were carried out in 2012-2019 in Minsk. Air was sampled on both sides of &amp;#8220;street canyons&amp;#8221; taking into account weather conditions. During sampling, traffic accounting was carried out. The concentration of NOx was determined by the fluorimetric method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obtained results have shown that the actual formation of &amp;#8220;street canyons&amp;#8221; occurs even with a low height of buildings along to the streets with heavy traffic. It has been shown that a statistically significant increase of NOx content by 20&amp;#8211;50% on the windward side compared to the leeward with buildings height comparable to the width of streets. Besides statistical reliable correlation between emissions levels (assessed based on traffic data) and measured concentrations are observed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Identified patterns of air concentration in combination with GIS allow identifying areas with potential increased risk of exposure. This knowledge will help to plan urban territory in a sustainable way.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Environmental urbanism and sustainable cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
M Ostárek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The City

Abstract The paper focuses on the links between sustainability and urbanism with a focus on the environment. In order to achieve the sustainability of cities, it is necessary to monitor the balance between economic, social and environmental interests, and urbanization is closely linked to this. Urbanism with a focus on the environment or ecological urbanism is a type that focuses on projects in ecological aspects, such as humidification, temperature reduction in the city, energy buildings, planting, urban surfaces, etc. Sustainability of cities is also one of the topics of the United Nations which generally addresses Sustainable Development Goals. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable cities, it is necessary to ensure access to trouble-free and affordable housing and services for all citizens by 2030. This development program is set for the time period 2015-2030. As far as the city is concerned, this in itself fundamentally affects the quality of the surrounding environment, especially interventions in undeveloped areas, land use and city administration. Spatial urban development is also focused in detail on searching and regeneration of unused areas which can have a negative impact in the form of slower growth or decline. The newly emerging BIM method, which demonstrably streamlines the management and development of cities, can also contribute to overall sustainability which further leads to the concept of smart cities. It is a concept of smart cities of urban development that moves to the sectors of management, energy, environment, infrastructure and population in an effort to streamline the management and development of cities using new methods. The result of the work is to show cities as the powerful player in reducing of greenhouse gas emissions which can help to build more liveable environment. Cities are not the biggest problem but the biggest opportunity for change.

scholarly journals Impact of D igital T echnology on I mproving the E nvironmental S tatus of C ities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3C) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
The City

The article substantiates possibilities of using digital technologies in a transport sector as the most important component that determines not only the economic, but also the ecological development of the city. In recent years, there have been changes in the formation of the economies of countries in recent years, especially in strengthening the environmental component. Sharing economy is a global trend that prioritizes use rather than ownership. Capitalization of the global market for online sharing services is growing rapidly and car sharing is one of the key sectors of the new economic model. Carsharing helps unload roads due to the rational use of cars, being a full-fledged alternative to buying a car for many citizens. Being an element of sustainable urban development, urban logistics defines and minimizes the negative impact of logistics activities on the environment of the city. In the framework of this article, an analysis of the carsharing system, a chronology of development, advantages and disadvantages, the process of interacting with the carsharing service have been made. It has been concluded that the carsharing system helps to improve the transport and environmental situation in megacities, thereby solving the problems of sustainable urban development, and digital technology is the key to this.

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