scholarly journals Determinants of dietary diversity and its relationship with the nutritional status of pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Sofo Mutaru ◽  
Shaibu Mohammed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract There is little information regarding factors that determine dietary diversity among pregnant women in Ghana. The present study, therefore, sought to assess the independent predictors of dietary diversity and its relationship with nutritional status of pregnant women in the Northern Region of Ghana. The present study was an analytical cross-sectional survey involving 423 pregnant women in different stages of gestation. The 24-h dietary recall method was used to assess minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W), and nutritional status was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between maternal dietary diversity and maternal thinness and a P value of <0⋅05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 423 women, 79⋅9 % (95 % CI 76⋅1, 83⋅7) met the MDD-W and the prevalence of undernutrition among the pregnant women was 26⋅0 %. The analysis showed that women of low household wealth index were 48 % less likely (AOR 0⋅52, CI 0⋅31, 0⋅88) of meeting the MDD-W, whereas women from households of poor food insecurity were 88 % less likely (AOR 0⋅12, CI 0⋅05, 0⋅27) of achieving the MDD-W. Women of low household size were three times more likely of meeting the MDD-W (AOR 3⋅07, CI 1⋅13, 8⋅39). MDD-W was not associated with maternal underweight during pregnancy. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that food insecurity and not low MDD-W, associated with mothers’ thinness (underweight) during pregnancy in peri-urban setting of Northern Ghana.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity Is Not Associated with Haematological Status of Pregnant Women Resident in Rural Areas of Northern Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Jeremiah Oladele ◽  
Asamoah Larbi ◽  
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Background. Information regarding how dietary diversity is related to haematological status of the pregnant women in rural areas of Northern Ghana is limited. This study therefore evaluated maternal dietary intake and how it relates to the nutritional status of pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic conditions in Northern Ghana.Methods. This study was cross-sectional in design involving 400 pregnant women. Midupper arm circumference (MUAC) and anaemia status were used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women.Results. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of the study population from ten food groups was4.2±1.5(95% CI: 4.08 to 4.37). Of the 400 women, 46.1% (95% CI: 40.0 to 52.2) met the new minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W). The mean haemoglobin concentration among the pregnant women studied was 10.1 g/dl ± 1.40 (95% CI: 9.8 to 10.3). The independent predictors of haemoglobin concentration were maternal educational attainment, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, number of under-five children in the household, size of MUAC, and maternal height.Conclusions. Irrespective of the socioeconomic status, women minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) was not associated with anaemia among pregnant women resident in the rural areas of Northern Ghana.

scholarly journals Does Household Food Insecurity Affect the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children Aged 6–36 Months?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Shaibu Mohammed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Malnutrition ◽  
Household Food

Introduction. This study used three dependent measures of food security to assess the magnitude of household food insecurity and its consequences on the nutritional status of children 6–36 months in Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 337 mother/child pairs in June 2012. Food access was measured as household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), household dietary diversity score (HDDS), and food consumption score (FCS). Results. The magnitude of household food insecurity depended on the food access indicator, with HFIAS yielding the highest household food insecurity of 54%. Of the three food access indicators, 30-day HFIAS was not related to any of the nutrition indices measured. HDDS and FCS were both significantly associated with BMI of mothers and chronic malnutrition (stunted growth) but not acute malnutrition (wasting) with FCS being a stronger predictor of nutritional status. Compared to children in food insecure households, children in food secure households were 46% protected from chronic malnutrition (, 95% CI: 0.31–0.94). Conclusions and Recommendations. The results of this study show that different measures of household food insecurity produce varied degree of the problem. Efforts at reducing chronic child malnutrition should focus on improving the adequacy of the diet.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Child Food Insecurity, Its Association with Child Immunization and Huosehold wealth Status, and Coping Strategies In Dabat Demographic and Surveillance System North West Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigusie Birhan Tebeje ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Biks ◽  
Solomon Mekonnen Abebe ◽  
Melike Endris Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surveillance Site

Background. The magnitude of food insecurity in Ethiopia ranges from 38.7% to 82.3% among the general population. Children under the age of five years were more prone to food insecurity and its serious consequences like anemia, low bone density, frequent episodes of common cold, stomachache, poor educational performance, and dental carries in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, there is no any research finding that documented the magnitude of child food insecurity, coping strategies, and associated factors in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was estimating the magnitude of child food insecurity, major coping strategies, and factors associated with child food insecurity in the study area. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional survey has been conducted in Dabat demographic and health surveillance site among 7152 mothers/caretakers of children under the age of five years. Data were collected by experienced data collectors working for the demographic and health surveillance site, and the collected data were entered into EpiData template and then transported to Stata 14 software for data cleaning and analysis. The ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors for child food insecurity. Results. About 21.42% of children under the age of five years were food insecure in Dabat district of whom 57.8%, 38.6%, and 3.6% had experienced mild, moderate, and severe levels of child food insecurity, respectively. All most all 1391 (92%) of the mothers/caretakers of food insecure children had practiced food insecurity coping strategies. More than half (57%) of mothers/caretakers reduces the size of child meal as insecurity coping strategy. Child food insecurity was associated with household wealth status, parent’s education status, and maternal and child health service utilization and child feeding practices. Conclusion. A large segment of under-five children had experienced food insecurity in Dabat district, and the major coping strategy for child food insecurity was reducing meal size. Therefore, working on household wealth improvement and expansion of basic health services would improve child food security.

scholarly journals Contribution of forest foods to dietary intake and their association with household food insecurity: a cross-sectional study in women from rural Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3185-3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fungo ◽  
John Muyonga ◽  
Margaret Kabahenda ◽  
Archileo Kaaya ◽  
Clement A Okia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Forest Foods

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the contribution of forest foods to dietary intake and estimate their association with household food insecurity.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted among 279 households. Using a 7 d recall questionnaire, information on household food consumption was collected from women and used to determine the household dietary diversity score, food variety score and forest food consumption score (FFCS). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) score was determined and Spearman rank correlation was used to establish the relationship between consumption of forest foods and HFIAS score. Women’s dietary intake was estimated from two 24 h recalls. The contribution of forest foods to women’s nutrient intakes was calculated and women’s nutrient intakes were compared with estimated average nutrient requirements.SettingRural forest-dependent households in twelve villages in eastern and southern Cameroon.SubjectsHousehold heads and their non-pregnant, non-lactating spouses.ResultsForty-seven unique forest foods were identified; of these, seventeen were consumed by 98 % of respondents over the course of one week and by 17 % of women during the two 24 h recall periods. Although forest foods contributed approximately half of women’s total daily energy intake, considerably greater contributions were made to vitamin A (93 %), Na (100 %), Fe (85 %), Zn (88 %) and Ca (89 %) intakes. Despite a highly biodiverse pool of foods, most households (83 %) suffered from high food insecurity based on the HFIAS. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the HFIAS score and the FFCS (r2=−0·169, P=0·0006), demonstrating that forest foods play an important role in ensuring food security in these forest-dependent communities.ConclusionsForest foods are widely consumed by forest-dependent communities. Given their rich nutrient content, they have potential to contribute to food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Assessing malnutrition in pregnant women using the Dietary Diversity Score and the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference: A cross-sectional study, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebean Mayimbo ◽  
Clara Maphosa Haruzivishe ◽  
Concepta Kwaleyela ◽  
Phoebe Bwembya ◽  
Ellen Chirwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Abstract Background One of the easiest and effective ways of predicting under nutrition is to use the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The dietary diversity score is a qualitative measure of food consumption reflecting an individual’s access to different food items and therefore is a proxy indicator of the nutritional status. The aim of the study was to assess whether the DDS and MUAC can be used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women attending antenatal. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Chilenje level I Hospital in a township located in Lusaka city, Lusaka province. The study employed quantitative methods to collect and analyse data on the dietary patterns and if this can be used to assess the nutritional status of individuals 24 hours preceding the survey. Health facilities were selected using random sampling method and systematic sampling method was used to select a sample of 299 pregnant women. An interview schedule was used to collect data. Logistic regression was used to establish associations between DDS and MUAC. Results In this study, 44% of the women were in the lowest dietary diversity category, which indicates inadequate nutrient intake, 31% in the medium category and 24% in the high intake. Maternal weight was associated with a 0.08 cm increase in MUAC (95% CI; 0.74 – 0.93) and this was statistically significant. Marital status and age (95% CI; 0.83 – 0.93) were significantly associated with an increase in MUAC in the univariate analysis but when adjusted for other confounders this was not significant (95% CI; 0.81 – 1.00). Consumption of organ meat was associated with a 0.21cm increase in MUAC (95% CI; 0.04 - 0.97). Conclusion The study results indicated that 44% of the women had inadequate nutrient intake, indicating that the dietary diversity score can be used to predict malnutrition in pregnant women. The mid upper was negatively correlated with the 24hour dietary diversity score implying that we might not rely on this measurement to assess the nutritional status. Key words Dietary Diversity Score, Malnutrition, Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Pregnant women, Antenatal.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of a Rural Adult Population in Dry Zone, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama ◽  
K. M. Swarna Wimalasiri ◽  
Yu Koyama ◽  
Mieko Uchiyama ◽  
Utako Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score

The objective of this work was to describe average dietary intake, physical activity (PA) and nutritional status of the adult population of Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional survey, including one 24-h dietary recall, international physical activity questionnaire and anthropometric measurements was conducted in a representative sample of 120 adults. Mean (SD) for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were 23.06(4.20) kg/m2, 85.6(9.5) cm, 0.95(0.05) and 0.55(0.07), respectively. Significant differences were observed in height, body fat %, body muscle %, hip circumference, WHR, WHtR, fat mass index and hand grip strength between men and women (p < 0.05). Among the study group, 35.8% were overweight, 13.3% were obese and 11.7% were underweight. Central obesity was observed in 59.2%, 97.5% and 74.2% of adults by WC, WHR and WHtR, respectively. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score and dietary diversity score with portions were 4.77(1.28) and 4.09(1.32), respectively. Mean daily intake of protein, fruits, vegetables and dairy were well below the national recommendations. Despite the higher PA level, nearly half the population was overweight and obese and the majority was centrally obese. None of the dietary diversity scores met the optimal levels, suggesting poor quality and quantity of the diet.

Stunting, dietary diversity and household food insecurity among children under 5 years in ethnic communities of northern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L Roesler ◽  
Lisa G Smithers ◽  
Prasit Wangpakapattanawong ◽  
Vivienne Moore
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity ◽  
Children Under 5

ABSTRACT Background The aim of this study was to describe stunting in infants and young children in the ethnic communities of northern Thailand and to explore associations with dietary diversity and household factors including food security. Methods A cross-sectional survey of households with children under 5 years from eight villages. Adult respondents provided information on foods consumed by each child and details of the household. Heights and weights of children were measured. Results Adults from 172 households and 208 children participated. Overall, 38% of children were stunted. Exclusive breastfeeding was rare, but the proportion consuming breastmilk at 24 months (75%) was high. Few children (7%) aged 6–11 months met minimum dietary diversity. Stunted children were less likely than non-stunted children to meet minimum dietary diversity (63 versus 82%). Widespread food insecurity did not discriminate between stunted and non-stunted children. Stunting was elevated when households had little land and few animals. Conclusions Stunting was widespread in children under 5 years of age, in part reflecting poor dietary diversity, especially at age 6–11 months. Stunting was worst in households with least assets. Small increases in land or animals, or equivalent resources, appear to be required to improve child nutrition in extremely poor families.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity is associated with low dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhee Kang ◽  
Kristen M Hurley ◽  
Julie Ruel-Bergeron ◽  
Assumpta Bou Monclus ◽  
Rachel Oemcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between household food insecurity and dietary diversity in the past 24h (dietary diversity score (DDS, range: 0–9); minimum dietary diversity (MDD, consumption of three or more food groups); consumption of nine separate food groups) among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo rural districts in Central Malawi.SubjectsPregnant (n 589) and lactating (n 641) women.ResultsOf surveyed pregnant and lactating women, 66·7 and 68·6 %, respectively, experienced moderate or severe food insecurity and only 32·4 and 28·1 %, respectively, met MDD. Compared with food-secure pregnant women, those who reported severe food insecurity had a 0·36 lower DDS (P<0·05) and more than threefold higher risk (OR; 95 % CI) of not consuming meat/fish (3·19; CI 1·68, 6·03). The risk of not consuming eggs (3·77; 1·04, 13·7) was higher among moderately food-insecure pregnant women. Compared with food-secure lactating women, those who reported mild, moderate and severe food insecurity showed a 0·36, 0·44 and 0·62 lower DDS, respectively (all P<0·05). The risk of not achieving MDD was higher among moderately (1·95; 1·06, 3·59) and severely (2·82; 1·53, 5·22) food-insecure lactating women. The risk of not consuming meat/fish and eggs increased in a dose–response manner among lactating women experiencing mild (1·75; 1·01, 3·03 and 2·81; 1·09, 7·25), moderate (2·66; 1·47, 4·82 and 3·75; 1·40, 10·0) and severe (5·33; 2·63, 10·8 and 3·47; 1·19, 10·1) food insecurity.ConclusionsAddressing food insecurity during and after pregnancy needs to be considered when designing nutrition programmes aiming to increase dietary diversity in rural Malawi.

scholarly journals Household access to traditional and indigenous foods positively associated with food security and dietary diversity in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salome Nduku Kasimba ◽  
Boitumelo Stokie Motswagole ◽  
Namukolo Margaret Covic ◽  
Nicole Claasen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Indigenous Foods

AbstractObjectiveTo determine access to traditional and indigenous foods (TIF) and the association with household food security, dietary diversity and women’s BMI in low socio-economic households.DesignSequential explanatory mixed-methods design, including a random household cross-sectional survey on household food insecurity access (HFIA), household dietary diversity (HDD) and women’s BMI, followed by focus group discussions.SettingTwo rural and two urban areas of Botswana.SubjectsPersons responsible for food preparation or an adult in a household (n400); for BMI, non-pregnant women aged 18–49 years (n253).ResultsAlmost two-thirds of households experienced moderate or severe food insecurity (28·8 and 37·3 %, respectively), but more than half of women were overweight or obese (26·9 and 26·9 %, respectively). Median HDD score was 6 (interquartile range 5–7) out of a total of 12. A positive correlation was found between number of TIF accessed and HDD score (r=0·457;P<0·001) and a negative correlation between number of TIF accessed and HFIA score (r=−0·272;P<0·001). There was no correlation between number of TIF accessed and women’s BMI (r=−0·066;P=0·297). TIF were perceived as healthy but with declining consumption due to preference for modern foods.ConclusionsTIF may potentially have an important role in household food security and dietary diversity. There is need to explore potential benefits that may be associated with their optimal use on food security and nutrition outcomes.

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