Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of a Rural Adult Population in Dry Zone, Sri Lanka

The objective of this work was to describe average dietary intake, physical activity (PA) and nutritional status of the adult population of Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional survey, including one 24-h dietary recall, international physical activity questionnaire and anthropometric measurements was conducted in a representative sample of 120 adults. Mean (SD) for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were 23.06(4.20) kg/m2, 85.6(9.5) cm, 0.95(0.05) and 0.55(0.07), respectively. Significant differences were observed in height, body fat %, body muscle %, hip circumference, WHR, WHtR, fat mass index and hand grip strength between men and women (p < 0.05). Among the study group, 35.8% were overweight, 13.3% were obese and 11.7% were underweight. Central obesity was observed in 59.2%, 97.5% and 74.2% of adults by WC, WHR and WHtR, respectively. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score and dietary diversity score with portions were 4.77(1.28) and 4.09(1.32), respectively. Mean daily intake of protein, fruits, vegetables and dairy were well below the national recommendations. Despite the higher PA level, nearly half the population was overweight and obese and the majority was centrally obese. None of the dietary diversity scores met the optimal levels, suggesting poor quality and quantity of the diet.

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Assessing malnutrition in pregnant women using the Dietary Diversity Score and the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference: A cross-sectional study, Zambia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22282/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sebean Mayimbo ◽

Clara Maphosa Haruzivishe ◽

Concepta Kwaleyela ◽

Phoebe Bwembya ◽

Ellen Chirwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Abstract Background One of the easiest and effective ways of predicting under nutrition is to use the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The dietary diversity score is a qualitative measure of food consumption reflecting an individual’s access to different food items and therefore is a proxy indicator of the nutritional status. The aim of the study was to assess whether the DDS and MUAC can be used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women attending antenatal. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Chilenje level I Hospital in a township located in Lusaka city, Lusaka province. The study employed quantitative methods to collect and analyse data on the dietary patterns and if this can be used to assess the nutritional status of individuals 24 hours preceding the survey. Health facilities were selected using random sampling method and systematic sampling method was used to select a sample of 299 pregnant women. An interview schedule was used to collect data. Logistic regression was used to establish associations between DDS and MUAC. Results In this study, 44% of the women were in the lowest dietary diversity category, which indicates inadequate nutrient intake, 31% in the medium category and 24% in the high intake. Maternal weight was associated with a 0.08 cm increase in MUAC (95% CI; 0.74 – 0.93) and this was statistically significant. Marital status and age (95% CI; 0.83 – 0.93) were significantly associated with an increase in MUAC in the univariate analysis but when adjusted for other confounders this was not significant (95% CI; 0.81 – 1.00). Consumption of organ meat was associated with a 0.21cm increase in MUAC (95% CI; 0.04 - 0.97). Conclusion The study results indicated that 44% of the women had inadequate nutrient intake, indicating that the dietary diversity score can be used to predict malnutrition in pregnant women. The mid upper was negatively correlated with the 24hour dietary diversity score implying that we might not rely on this measurement to assess the nutritional status. Key words Dietary Diversity Score, Malnutrition, Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Pregnant women, Antenatal.

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Comparison of the General Dietary Habits and Lifestyle between Before and During COVID-19 among the Saudi Adult's Population in Riyadh

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401318666211224123653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Nouf A. ALkharashi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Media ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Daily Intake ◽

The Internet ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19, for which there is few evidence-based effective vaccines or treatments available yet, has led to many attempts to find alternative options. Objective: This study aimed to compare the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult population in Riyadh Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, targeting the Riyadh population, from 16 May 2020 to 16 June 2020. The study comprised a structured questionnaire design that inquired demographic information examples include:(age, gender, place of residence, and health status); dietary habits information (daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/days, and number of times drinking the tea and coffee); lifestyle habits information (physical activity, sleep quality, time that spend using the internet, social media and electronic devices for fun daily and stresses) using Google form. A total of 1,193 participants have been included in the study aged over 18 years. Results: During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the number of meals eaten daily, the number of times of fruits and vegetable intake, the number of sweets, cakes, and biscuits, the number of hours of sleep per day, the time using the internet and social media were observed more than at in the before COVID-19 pandemic period. However, the number of running exercise or physical activity were significantly reduced. Conclusion: In this study, the dietary and lifestyle habits have changed among the Saudis during the COVID-19 period. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken to confirm the results of the study.

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Determinants of dietary diversity and its relationship with the nutritional status of pregnant women

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Mahama Saaka ◽

Sofo Mutaru ◽

Shaibu Mohammed Osman

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Northern Region ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract There is little information regarding factors that determine dietary diversity among pregnant women in Ghana. The present study, therefore, sought to assess the independent predictors of dietary diversity and its relationship with nutritional status of pregnant women in the Northern Region of Ghana. The present study was an analytical cross-sectional survey involving 423 pregnant women in different stages of gestation. The 24-h dietary recall method was used to assess minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W), and nutritional status was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between maternal dietary diversity and maternal thinness and a P value of <0⋅05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 423 women, 79⋅9 % (95 % CI 76⋅1, 83⋅7) met the MDD-W and the prevalence of undernutrition among the pregnant women was 26⋅0 %. The analysis showed that women of low household wealth index were 48 % less likely (AOR 0⋅52, CI 0⋅31, 0⋅88) of meeting the MDD-W, whereas women from households of poor food insecurity were 88 % less likely (AOR 0⋅12, CI 0⋅05, 0⋅27) of achieving the MDD-W. Women of low household size were three times more likely of meeting the MDD-W (AOR 3⋅07, CI 1⋅13, 8⋅39). MDD-W was not associated with maternal underweight during pregnancy. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that food insecurity and not low MDD-W, associated with mothers’ thinness (underweight) during pregnancy in peri-urban setting of Northern Ghana.

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Comparison of the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult's population in Riyadh

10.21203/rs.3.rs-326478/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nouf ALkharashi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Media ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Daily Intake ◽

The Internet ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, causing sudden lifestyle and dietary habits changed, through social distancing and isolation at home. This study aimed to compare the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult population in Riyadh. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, targeting the Riyadh population, from 16 May 2020 to 16 June 2020. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information examples include:(age, gender, place of residence, and health status); dietary habits information (daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/day, and number of times drinking the tea and coffee); lifestyle habits information (physical activity, sleep quality, time that spend using the internet, social media and electronic devices for fun daily and stresses) using Google form. A total of 1,193 participants have been included in the study aged over 18 years.Results: During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the number of meals eaten daily, the number of times of fruits and vegetable intake, the number of sweets, cakes, and biscuits, the number of hours of sleep per day, the time using the internet and social media were observed more than at in the before COVID-19 pandemic period. However, the number of running exercise or physical activity was significantly reduced. Conclusion: In this study, the dietary and lifestyle habits have changed among the Saudis during the COVID-19 period. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken to confirm the results of the study.

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Food variety, dietary diversity and perceived hunger among lactating women (0-6 months postpartum) in a low socio-economic area in Nairobi, Kenya

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.62.11395 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (62) ◽

pp. 8663-8675

Author(s):

AN Ongosi ◽

◽

G Gericke ◽

A Oelofse ◽

E Mbuthia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Economic Area ◽

Food Variety

Breastfeeding has profound benefits for the child and has always been the gold standard for infant feeding. It is also an integral part in the physiologic completion of the reproductive cycle of mammals, including humans and the most energetically demanding phase of human reproduction. Therefore , it is important to determine the nutritional status of lactating women and guide them to optimal health since depleting maternal nutrient stores during lactation poses a risk of malnutrition to the mother . This study was conducted among lactating women to assess domestic hunger, food variety and dietary diversity in order to obtain information that can be used in nutrition intervention programs for optimising breast feeding. It w as a descriptive cross -sectional survey carried out at Mbagathi District Hospital which is located at the edge of Kibera slum area (Nairobi). Convenience sampling was used in selecting 120 lactating women who volunteered and consented. The hunger scale was used for assessing domestic hunger and a 24 – hr recall (NFCS, 1999) was analysed for food variety and dietary diversity . Perceived hunger corresponded with narrow food variety and dietary diversity. The women had a mean Food Variety Score of 6.6 ( ± 2.0) and Dietary Diversity Score of 4.3 ( ± 1.0). The mean adequacy ratio (excluding niacin) was 0.74. The lowest median nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for calcium was (0.41) and folic acid (0.59). The NAR for energy was 0.62. The highest frequency of consumption (100%) was from cereals, tubers/roots, other vegetables and oils/fats. Vitamin A rich vegetables/fruits (6.6%) and dairy products (1.7%) had the lowest frequency of consumption. Overall, 35.8% of households were food secure while 64.2% were either hungry (5 or more positive responses) or at risk of hunger (1- 4 positive responses) (36.7% and 27.5% respectively).There seems to be a need for well designed nutrition intervention programs focusing on nutrient intake from culturally acceptable and affordable foods to increase dietary diversity of lactating women in this low socio -economic area, which will eventually improve their nutritional status.

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Keragaman Pangan dan Status Gizi Pada Anak Balita di Kelurahan Pasirkaliki Kota Cimahi

Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati ◽

10.29244/jsdh.6.2.40-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 40-46

Author(s):

Witri Priawantiputri ◽

Mimin Aminah

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Food Diversity ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

Dietary diversity refers to an increase in the variety of foods across and within food groups capable of ensuring adequate intake to promote a good nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of food diversity with the nutritional status of children under five in Kelurahan Pasirkaliki Kota Cimahi. A cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was conducted among 79 households having under five age children. Individual food diversity was measured using a dietary diversity score through questionnaire from FANTA Dietary Diversity Score Indicator Guide. Nutritional status of children under five measured by anthropometric measurement with indicator z-score of WHZ, WAZ, and HAZ. The analysis was carried out by Chi square test and fisher's exact. The average age of children under five is 31 months consisting of 43 boys (54.4%) and 36 (45.6%) girls. The prevalence of wasting children was 3.8%, stunting 21.5%, and underweight 10.1%. As many as 56 (70.9%) children consume diverse foods. There is no relationship between food diversity with nutritional status (p>0.05). Consumption of diverse food with appropriate amount of food portions are recommended for children under five years to get optimal nutritional status.

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The Influence of Household Procurement Strategies on Food Intake and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Rural Western Kenya

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n2p109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary K. Walingo ◽

Francis M. Kidake

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Availability ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Survey Design ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Income Levels ◽

Procurement Strategies

<p>A cross sectional survey design was set up to assess the influence of household procurement strategies on food intake and nutritional status of preschool children in from 196 households in Vihiga County, Kenya. Dietary diversity was positively correlated with food availability (p<0.05). Increased consumption of bread and cereals, and, fruits and vegetables was influenced by food availability and food consumption (dietary diversity) (<0.05). Roots and tubers, legumes and pulses, and carbonated drinks were the main contributors to food procurement strategies and availability (F= 3.419, F sig=0.02). Nutrition outcome was influenced by household socioeconomic status (R= 0.189, p value = 0.012) and income levels of households (R= 0.246, p value= 0.002), while procurement strategies had no effect on the nutritional status of the pre-school child. Household income levels determined food availability, diversity and intake.</p>

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Motivation for movement: Influences for walking event participation

Health Education Journal ◽

10.1177/0017896918787216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 111-123

Author(s):

James D Beauchemin ◽

Todd A Gibbs ◽

Paul F Granello ◽

Nicole T Gabana

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Health States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Motivational Influences

Background: There is widespread evidence of the health and wellness benefits associated with moderate physical activity, and lack of engagement with these behaviours remains a significant contributor to the burden of chronic disease in the US adult population. There are clear benefits to identifying motivational factors that facilitate increased personal adherence to physical activity behaviours. Objective: This study explored motivational influences on personal adherence to physical activity by examining the factors related to the behaviours of participants in an organised walking event. Design: Cross-sectional survey involving items for demographic variables, walking habits, perceived wellness, fulfilment of psychological needs, presence of chronic illness and motives for physical activity. Setting: The study sample included participants in a large US Midwestern walking event ( N = 345) across a variety of demographic characteristics. Method: Study participants completed an online survey that gathered information related to personal demographics, behaviours and sources of motivation as measured by the Motives for Physical Activity Measure–Revised scale. This instrument was developed within the context of self-determination theory to measure different motives for implementing behaviours associated with physical activity. Results: Findings revealed different intrinsic (competence, enjoyment and social) and extrinsic (fitness and appearance) motivational influences on participation in walking events that varied based upon demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Motives for participation in walking events, as a mode of health promotion, are influenced by demographic characteristics and health states, and may be relevant for focused efforts to promote engagement with physical activity programming.

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Physical Activity of Urban- Dwelling Older People in Sri Lanka

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 717-721

Author(s):

Bimba Wickramarachchi ◽

Sidiah Siop ◽

Bilesha Perera

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Physical Activity Behaviour ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Activity ◽

Highly Active ◽

Global Physical Activity Questionnaire

There is a paucity of information on physical activity behaviour of older adults in Sri Lanka. This study determined the physical activity status of urban-dwelling older adults in a district in the country. A cross sectional survey of 880 subjects (aged 60+ years) was conducted using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The prevalence rates of physically inactive, sufficiently active and highly active were 21.5%, 78.5% and 52.7% respectively. Women were more active than men (Women, 80.9% versus men, 75.5%, p < 0.05). Activity at work accounted for the highest portion of physical activity as reported by the participants [Median = 2400 MET/Week, 95% CI: 240, 4800] followed by active transport [Median =120 MET/Week, 95% CI: 0, 560] and leisure-time activity [Median = 0 MET/Week, 95% CI: 0, 270]. Factors contributing for extensively engaging activity at work need further investigations and older adults should be encouraged to do leisure-time physical activities.

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Dietary Diversity is Associated with Nutrient Intakes and Nutritional Status of Children in Ghana

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4179 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chistina Antwiwaa Nti

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Child Growth ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Nutritional Status ◽

Weight For Age

Objective: The study was conducted with the objective of assessing the possible associations between dietary diversity, nutrient intakes and young child nutritional status in Ghana. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving one hundred mothers with young children between the ages of 6 and 18 months was conducted using a combination of methods. Structured interview using questionnaire, dietary assessment and anthropometry were used to collect the data. Dietary diversity was assessed by using food group count. The WHO (1998) recommended daily nutrient needs from complementary foods for infants receiving average breast milk intakes were used to assess the energy and nutrient content of the diets consumed by the children. The WHO (1983) reference was used to assess child nutritional status. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 in Windows. Results: About 16% of the study children were underweight whiles 8% were both stunted and wasted. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.6. Significant differences were observed between dietary diversity groupings and energy/nutrient intakes of the children. Generally, as dietary diversity improved, energy and nutrients intakes also in-creased. Again, dietary diversity was significantly associated with weight-for-age, length-for-age and weight-for-length. As dietary diversity increased, child nutritional status also improved. Children who had low dietary diversity exhibited low scores in terms of weight for age, length for age and weight for length. Conclusion: High dietary diversity improves energy and nutrients intakes, and hence dietary adequacy, as well as child growth and nutrition. Key Words: Dietary Diversity; Nutrient Intakes; Child Nutritional Status DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4179 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 105-109

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