Rejection Sensitivity and Responses to Rejection: Serial Mediators Linking Parenting to Adolescents and Young Adults’ Depression and Trait-Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex A. Gardner ◽  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Perceived Parenting

Drawing from and extending rejection sensitivity (RS) theory, we tested a serial mediation pathway model, whereby perceived parenting practices were expected to be indirectly related to participants’ depressive and trait-anxious symptoms through RS, as well as emotional and behavioural responses to rejection. Participants were 628 adolescents and young adults (M= 19.8 years,SD= 2.6, 65.3% female) completing self-report measures assessing current perceived parenting practices, RS, emotion dysregulation, emotion suppression, social withdrawal, and depressive and trait-anxious symptoms. In latent-variable structural equation modelling, a latent construct of more positive (and fewer negative) perceived parenting practices was directly associated with offsprings’ lower level of depression and trait-anxiety symptoms. Also, there were indirect associations of parenting via RS, emotion dysregulation, suppression, and social withdrawal, regardless of whether the model focused on depressive or trait-anxious symptoms. The findings provide further support of the importance for adolescents and young adults to perceive that they experience warm and autonomy-supportive relationships with their parents (instead of rejecting, coercive, or psychologically controlling relationships); along with providing an extended model whereby anxious expectations of rejection associates with greater emotional difficulties through negative responses to difficult emotions and the tendency to withdraw from such experiences. Together, perceived parenting practices and rejection-related beliefs and responses seem to activate a pathway to elevated depressive and trait-anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Differences in Retrospective Perceptions of Parenting Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Jámbori ◽  
Judit Kőrössy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Niche ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Retrospective Perceptions

Abstract In the present study, the possible differences in parenting perceptions between young people socialised before the political changes in the socialist regime and those born after the regime change were explored. In Study 1 (2002) and Study 2 (2018), adolescents and young adults’ retrospective perceptions of parenting were examined. In the first study, the participants included 126 adolescents and 145 young adults, and there were 133 adolescents and 204 young adults in the second study. In both studies, the participants completed the Family Socialisation Questionnaire (Dalbert & Goch, 1997), which is employed to assess parenting practices retrospectively. Second order factor analyses on both occasions revealed that the age groups perceived parenting styles in a similar way. The similarities of the two age groups’ perceptions of parenting could be explained by employing the developmental niche theory, which is when the homeostatic functioning of the niche ensures relatively stable parenting styles, despite changing circumstances. On both occasions, young adults perceived parenting as more negative and restrictive. These results are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Internet and Computer-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.2196/17831 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e17831
Author(s):  
Carolien Christ ◽  
Maria JE Schouten ◽  
Matthijs Blankers ◽  
Digna JF van Schaik ◽  
Aartjan TF Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Background Anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent in adolescents and young adults. However, most young people with mental health problems do not receive treatment. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy (cCBT) may provide an accessible alternative to face-to-face treatment, but the evidence base in young people is limited. Objective The objective was to perform an up-to-date comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of cCBT in treating anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults compared with active treatment and passive controls. We aimed to examine posttreatment and follow-up effects and explore the moderators of treatment effects. Methods We conducted systematic searches in the following six electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included randomized controlled trials comparing cCBT with any control group in adolescents or young adults (age 12-25 years) with anxiety or depressive symptoms. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, version 2.0. Overall quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Posttreatment means and SDs were compared between intervention and control groups, and pooled effect sizes (Hedges g) were calculated. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore whether age, guidance level, and adherence rate were associated with treatment outcome. Results The search identified 7670 papers, of which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most included studies (22/24) had a high risk of bias owing to self-report measures and/or inappropriate handling of missing data. Compared with passive controls, cCBT yielded small to medium posttreatment pooled effect sizes regarding depressive symptoms (g=0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.72, number needed to treat [NNT]=3.55) and anxiety symptoms (g=0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.65, NNT=4.10). cCBT yielded effects similar to those of active treatment controls regarding anxiety symptoms (g=0.04, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.31). For depressive symptoms, the nonsignificant pooled effect size favored active treatment controls (g=−0.70, 95% CI −1.51 to 0.11, P=.09), but heterogeneity was very high (I2=90.63%). No moderators of treatment effects were identified. At long-term follow-up, cCBT yielded a small pooled effect size regarding depressive symptoms compared with passive controls (g=0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.45, NNT=6.58). No other follow-up effects were found; however, power was limited owing to the small number of studies. Conclusions cCBT is beneficial for reducing posttreatment anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults compared with passive controls. Compared with active treatment controls, cCBT yielded similar effects regarding anxiety symptoms. Regarding depressive symptoms, however, the results remain unclear. More high-quality research involving active controls and long-term follow-up assessments is needed in this population. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42019119725; https://tinyurl.com/y5acfgd9.

Mediating Effect of Dark Triad Personality Traits on the Relationship Between Parental Emotional Warmth and Aggression

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051987795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzeng Liu ◽  
Yayun Meng ◽  
Yangu Pan ◽  
Yuanxiao Ma ◽  
Dajun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Chinese Student ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Online Questionnaire

Previous research has indicated that positive parenting practices, such as parental emotional warmth, are associated with less negative outcomes in children. These negative outcomes can present during adolescence and during emerging adulthood. One negative consequence can be aggression, a problematic outcome with its own myriad consequences. The current study aimed to examine the effect of parental emotional warmth on adolescent and young adult aggression and the mediating effect of Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) on this relationship. The sample included 530 Chinese student participants who completed an online questionnaire survey: 241 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years ( M = 17.24, SD = 1.00) and 289 young adults aged 19 to 23 years ( M = 20.12, SD = 1.03). The results revealed that the association between parental emotional warmth and aggression was fully mediated by Machiavellianism and psychopathy, and the mediating effects of Machiavellianism and psychopathy had no age differences between adolescents and young adults. These results may clinically suggest that paying attention to parental emotional warmth, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy in adolescents and young adults could yield a better understanding of their current and continuous functioning, especially for aggression.

scholarly journals The Association Between Suicide Attempts, Anxiety, and Childhood Maltreatment Among Adolescents and Young Adults With First Depressive Episodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Peiqu Liu ◽  
Jiali Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Objective: Adolescents and young adults are susceptible to high-risk behaviors such as self-harm and suicide. However, the impact of childhood maltreatment on suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with first episode of depression remains unclear. This study examined the association between suicide attempts and childhood maltreatment among adolescents and young adults with first depressive episodes.Methods: A total of 181 adolescents and young adults with first depressive episodes were included. The Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) were used to assess childhood maltreatment and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. The suicide item in the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) 5.0 was used to assess the suicide attempts. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associated factors of suicide attempts.Results: The prevalence of SA in the total sample was 31.5% (95% CI = 24.9–38.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.07–4.40), smoking (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.10–6.37), anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08), and childhood maltreatment (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were potential associated factors of SA. In addition, anxiety symptoms had a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and SA.Conclusion: Adolescents and young adults with first depressive episodes and having experiences of childhood maltreatment are at a high risk of suicide. The severity of anxiety symptoms may mediate the relation between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in this group of patients.

Patient-reported psychosocial distress in adolescents and young adults with germ cell tumors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 521-521
Author(s):  
Maryam Soleimani ◽  
Cheryl Ho ◽  
Christian K. Kollmannsberger ◽  
Alan Bates ◽  
Bonnie Leung
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Patient Reported

521 Background: Germ cell tumours are the most common cancer of male adolescents and young adults (AYA, age 18-39). Men in this age group have been healthy much of their lives, and are at a stage of personal and professional growth, consequently a diagnosis of cancer can cause significant psychosocial distress. We evaluated patient reported psychosocial distress and hypothesized that AYA compared to older patients experienced more anxiety and distress in emotional, practical and physical domains. Methods: All patients referred to BC Cancer complete the Psychosocial Screen for Cancer (PSSCAN-R) at first consultation. This is a validated screening questionnaire for distress. Components include a screen for subclinical/clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety and the Canadian Problem Checklist (CPC) with 6 domains of concern: emotional, informational, practical, spiritual, social/family and physical. Results: Data was collected for 349 patients from 2011-2015. Baseline characteristics: 227 (65%) AYA, median age 33 (range 18-83), 41 (11%) metastatic disease at diagnosis. The top 3 AYA concerns were work/school (38.3%), financial (34.8%), frustration and anger (26%). AYA patients scored positive for subclinical/clinical anxiety more commonly than their older counterparts (39.4% vs. 27.9%, p = 0.028). AYA patients with subclinical/clinical anxiety symptoms experienced more fears and worries (41.5%), concerns regarding work/school (38%), lack of understanding of their disease (37.9%), finances (35.3%) and frustration and anger (26.3%) than AYA patients who do not express anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that AYA with testicular cancer have unique needs and experience significantly more self-reported anxiety symptoms with emotional, informational, and practical concerns. Programs tailored to address needs of AYA patients may help reduce anxiety and improve the cancer experience. The results of this study are valuable to stakeholders for allocation of resources to address psychosocial parameters of distress in this patient group.

scholarly journals Associations Between Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Retinal Vessel Caliber in Adolescents and Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline H. Meier ◽  
Nathan A. Gillespie ◽  
Narelle K. Hansell ◽  
Alex W. Hewitt ◽  
Ian B. Hickie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Retinal Vessel Caliber

scholarly journals Rejection sensitivity and the development of social anxiety symptoms during adolescence: A five-year longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199592
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck ◽  
Alex A. Gardner ◽  
Tanya Hawes ◽  
Mitchell R. Masters ◽  
Allison M. Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Quadratic Growth ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Temperamental Trait

Rejection sensitivity is a bias toward expecting rejection that can result from negative social experiences and degrade emotional adjustment. In this study, rejection sensitivity was expected to predict patterns of adolescent social anxiety over 5 years when considered alongside other known or expected risk and protective factors: peer rejection (peer-reported), emotion dysregulation, self-worth, temperament (parent-reported), female gender, and grade. Participants were 377 Australian students (45% boys; 79% White, 15% Asian) aged 10 to 13 years ( M = 12.0, SD = .90) and their parents (84%) who completed seven repeated surveys across 5 years. In an unconditional latent growth model, social anxiety symptoms had a significant quadratic pattern of growth, with symptoms increasing about midway into the study when adolescents were age 14, on average. In a model with all predictors, rejection sensitivity was uniquely associated with a higher intercept and a more pronounced quadratic growth pattern of social anxiety symptoms. Other predictors of growth in symptoms were the temperamental trait of negativity affectivity and emotion dysregulation; negative affectivity was associated with a higher intercept and a more pronounced quadratic pattern, and emotion dysregulation was associated with a higher intercept and a less pronounced quadratic pattern. Gender was associated with the intercept, with girls higher in symptoms than boys.

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