scholarly journals Emergence and Development of Pottery in the Andean Early Formative Period: New Insights from an Improved Wairajirca Pottery Chronology at the Jancao Site in the Huánuco Region, Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yuko Kanezaki ◽  
Takayuki Omori ◽  
Eisei Tsurumi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Ceramic Typology ◽  
Andean Highlands

This article presents a high-resolution chronology of Wairajirca pottery in the Huánuco basin, which has been identified as a frontier region between the Andean highlands and the Amazonian rain forests: its pottery is known for having mixed features from both areas. However, the lack of fine-grained pottery and radiocarbon datasets has handicapped comparative studies’ attempts to track in detail its early development process. Our new high-resolution chronology of Wairajirca pottery is based on stratigraphic excavation data, a detailed ceramic typology, and a Bayesian analysis of the radiocarbon date from the Jancao site. The five-staged ceramic sequence from the late eighteenth to late twelfth century cal BC displays specific features of this development, including radical changes in vessel type over several centuries and connections with other pottery traditions. The earliest phase shows close relation with highlands traditions, whereas the influence of tropical rain forest patterns intensified in later phases alongside the continuation of local pottery traditions. This indicates that frontier dynamics based on fluid interactions across different ecological zones and regional sociopolitical movements played a crucial role in this long-term social process.

High Resolution Low Loss Microscopy of Crystalline Surfaces

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
William Krakow ◽  
Alec N. Broers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Crystalline Surfaces

Low-loss scanning electron microscopy can be used to investigate the surface topography of solid specimens and provides enhanced image contrast over secondary electron images. A high resolution-condenser objective lens has allowed the low-loss technique to resolve separations of Au nucleii of 50Å and smaller dimensions of 25Å in samples coated with a fine grained carbon-Au-palladium layer. An estimate of the surface topography of fine grained vapor deposited materials (20 - 100Å) and the surface topography of underlying single crystal Si in the 1000 - 2000Å range has also been investigated. Surface imaging has also been performed on single crystals using diffracted electrons scattered through 10−2 rad in a conventional TEM. However, severe tilting of the specimen is required which degrades the resolution 15 to 100 fold due to image forshortening.

scholarly journals Neutron Imaging Using a Fine-Grained Nuclear Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Katsuya Hirota ◽  
Tomoko Ariga ◽  
Masahiro Hino ◽  
Go Ichikawa ◽  
Shinsuke Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutron Detector ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Oscillator ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cold Neutrons ◽  
Track Analysis

A neutron detector using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion has a sub-micron spatial resolution and thus has potential to be applied as high-resolution neutron imaging. In this paper, we present two approaches to applying the emulsion detectors for neutron imaging. One is using a track analysis to derive the reaction points for high resolution. From an image obtained with a 9 μm pitch Gd grating with cold neutrons, periodic peak with a standard deviation of 1.3 μm was observed. The other is an approach without a track analysis for high-density irradiation. An internal structure of a crystal oscillator chip, with a scale of approximately 30 μm, was able to be observed after an image analysis.

scholarly journals Text to Realistic Image Generation with Attentional Concatenation Generative Adversarial Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Linyan Li ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Fuyuan Hu ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Xuefeng Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Image Synthesis ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Cascade Structure ◽  
High Resolution Images

In this paper, we propose an Attentional Concatenation Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) aiming at generating 1024 × 1024 high-resolution images. First, we propose a multilevel cascade structure, for text-to-image synthesis. During training progress, we gradually add new layers and, at the same time, use the results and word vectors from the previous layer as inputs to the next layer to generate high-resolution images with photo-realistic details. Second, the deep attentional multimodal similarity model is introduced into the network, and we match word vectors with images in a common semantic space to compute a fine-grained matching loss for training the generator. In this way, we can pay attention to the fine-grained information of the word level in the semantics. Finally, the measure of diversity is added to the discriminator, which enables the generator to obtain more diverse gradient directions and improve the diversity of generated samples. The experimental results show that the inception scores of the proposed model on the CUB and Oxford-102 datasets have reached 4.48 and 4.16, improved by 2.75% and 6.42% compared to Attentional Generative Adversarial Networks (AttenGAN). The ACGAN model has a better effect on text-generated images, and the resulting image is closer to the real image.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks enable efficient, accurate and fine-grained segmentation of plant species and communities from high-resolution UAV imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Kattenborn ◽  
Jana Eichel ◽  
Fabian Ewald Fassnacht
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vegetation Species

AbstractRecent technological advances in remote sensing sensors and platforms, such as high-resolution satellite imagers or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), facilitate the availability of fine-grained earth observation data. Such data reveal vegetation canopies in high spatial detail. Efficient methods are needed to fully harness this unpreceded source of information for vegetation mapping. Deep learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are currently paving new avenues in the field of image analysis and computer vision. Using multiple datasets, we test a CNN-based segmentation approach (U-net) in combination with training data directly derived from visual interpretation of UAV-based high-resolution RGB imagery for fine-grained mapping of vegetation species and communities. We demonstrate that this approach indeed accurately segments and maps vegetation species and communities (at least 84% accuracy). The fact that we only used RGB imagery suggests that plant identification at very high spatial resolutions is facilitated through spatial patterns rather than spectral information. Accordingly, the presented approach is compatible with low-cost UAV systems that are easy to operate and thus applicable to a wide range of users.

scholarly journals A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 8190-8199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. DePalma ◽  
Jan Smit ◽  
David A. Burnham ◽  
Klaudia Kuiper ◽  
Phillip L. Manning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
Chicxulub Impact

The most immediate effects of the terminal-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact, essential to understanding the global-scale environmental and biotic collapses that mark the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction, are poorly resolved despite extensive previous work. Here, we help to resolve this by describing a rapidly emplaced, high-energy onshore surge deposit from the terrestrial Hell Creek Formation in Montana. Associated ejecta and a cap of iridium-rich impactite reveal that its emplacement coincided with the Chicxulub event. Acipenseriform fish, densely packed in the deposit, contain ejecta spherules in their gills and were buried by an inland-directed surge that inundated a deeply incised river channel before accretion of the fine-grained impactite. Although this deposit displays all of the physical characteristics of a tsunami runup, the timing (<1 hour postimpact) is instead consistent with the arrival of strong seismic waves from the magnitude Mw∼10 to 11 earthquake generated by the Chicxulub impact, identifying a seismically coupled seiche inundation as the likely cause. Our findings present high-resolution chronology of the immediate aftereffects of the Chicxulub impact event in the Western Interior, and report an impact-triggered onshore mix of marine and terrestrial sedimentation—potentially a significant advancement for eventually resolving both the complex dynamics of debris ejection and the full nature and extent of biotic disruptions that took place in the first moments postimpact.

Formative-Period Subsistence and Forest-Product Extraction at the Yarumela Site, Honduras

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Lentz ◽  
Carlos R. Ramírez ◽  
Bronson W. Griscom
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum ◽  
Middle Formative ◽  
Subsistence Activities

AbstractAnalysis of paleoethnobotanical remains from the Yaramela site in central Honduras has provided insights into subsistence activities, resource-extraction preferences from surrounding ecological zones, and the transfer of plant materials through interregional exchange networks during the Formative and Late Classic periods. Remains of maize (Zea mays) and squash (Cucurbitasp.) were found as well as the wood of a number of tree species, for example, pine (Pinussp.), oak (Quercussp.), fig (Ficussp.), timber sweet (Licariasp.), andguanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum). These woods were obtained from the upland pine-oak savanna, the tropical deciduous forest of the Comayagua Valley, and the circum-riverine community along the Humuya River. In an unusual discovery, the wood of cashew (Anacardiumcf.occidentale) was found in Middle Formative contexts. This, most likely an introduced domesticate from South America, appears to be the earliest record ofAnacardiumfor Honduras. Paleoethnobotanical data along with root-processing artifacts indicate a diversified subsistence pattern based on domesticates of Mesoamerican and South American origin.

scholarly journals ORIENTED VEHICLE DETECTION IN HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES BASED ON FEATURE AMPLIFICATION AND CATEGORY BALANCE BY OVERSAMPLING DATA AUGMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
N. Mo ◽  
L. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oriented Bounding Boxes

Abstract. Vehicles usually lack detailed information and are difficult to be trained on the high-resolution remote sensing images because of small size. In addition, vehicles contain multiple fine-grained categories that are slightly different, randomly located and oriented. Therefore, it is difficult to locate and identify these fine categories of vehicles. Considering the above problems in high-resolution remote sensing images, this paper proposes an oriented vehicle detection approach. First of all, we propose an oversampling and stitching method to augment the training dataset by increasing the frequency of objects with fewer training samples in order to balance the number of objects in each fine-grained vehicle category. Then considering the effect of the pooling operations on representing small objects, we propose to improve the resolution of feature maps so that detailed information hidden in feature maps can be enriched and they can better distinguish the fine-grained vehicle categories. Finally, we design a joint training loss function for horizontal and oriented bounding boxes with center loss, to decrease the impact of small between-class diversity on vehicle detection. Experimental verification is performed on the VEDAI dataset consisting of 9 fine-grained vehicle categories so as to evaluate the proposed framework. The experimental results show that the proposed framework performs better than most of competitive approaches in terms of a mean average precision of 60.7% and 60.4% in detecting horizontal and oriented bounding boxes respectively.

scholarly journals Sedimentary Evolution Characteristics of Fine-Grained Lithofacies under the High-Resolution Isochronous Shelf System: Insights from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shales in the Sichuan Basin

Lithosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (Special 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanping Wang ◽  
Zhijun Jin ◽  
Zongquan Hu ◽  
Guangxiang Liu ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Transgressive System Tract ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Sedimentary System ◽  
Siliceous Shale ◽  
System Tract

Abstract The deposition and evolution of fine-grained sediments is a hot topic in fine-grained sedimentary rock studies and is important for accurately evaluating shale gas sweet spots. In this paper, the fine-grained deposition and evolution characteristics of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales, major targets for Chinese shale gas exploration, were studied by using core observations, thin section analyses, scanning electron microscopy, geochemical analysis, and fossil identification. This work accurately identified six typical lithofacies; among them, the organic matter-rich siliceous shale facies (OMRSSF), the high-organic matter siliceous argillaceous shale facies (HOMSASF), and the medium-high organic matter low calcareous siliceous shale facies (M-HOMLCSASF) are favorable facies for shale gas exploration. The high-resolution isochronous unit in the shelf fine-grained sedimentary system was established, and the differential evolution of lithofacies in the system tract was discussed. The lithofacies deposition and differentiation in the transgressive system tract were controlled by the transgressive scale and tectonics under increasingly shallow water conditions. The lithofacies deposition and differentiation in the regressive system tract were controlled by tectonics and the preexisting lithofacies. The lithofacies in the regressive system tract had more frequent facies transitions and greater differentiation than those in the transgressive system tract, and they exhibited significant spatiotemporal inheritance. Sequential differential sedimentary sequences and symmetric differential sedimentary sequences were distinguished in the continental shelf sedimentary system. The lithofacies depocenters and subsidence centers were consistent in the transgressive system tract, while the tectonically active paleocontinent was important in the regression system tract. This study is of great significance for further high-resolution exploration of marine shale and improvement of the theory of shelf fine-grained sedimentary systems.

scholarly journals Children’s drawings as part of School Language Profiles: Heteroglossic realities in families and schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Purkarthofer
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
Separable Spaces ◽  
Language Profiles

AbstractChild language development occurs in a given environment, complete with explicit and implicit regulations, intervening actors with their coherent or contradictory intentions, and specific resources for speakers. The main research question of this contribution is: What can drawings as parts of School Language Profiles tell us about the multilingual environments of bilingual families and schools? The analytical framework of spatial and language practices provides a means to talk about how and why certain expressions are chosen and which influences are mentioned in relation to school and family. In particular, the focus is on how heteroglossic spaces are constructed through local/spatial/language practices and how these constructions are represented in the drawings of children. The drawings were collected in a bilingual school in Austria, with Slovene and German as languages of instruction. Children’s drawings present a fine-grained perception of their multilingual surroundings and we see how children refer to home/school in their drawings and distinguish language realities. Findings indicate that language regimes and goals of families and school are in close relation to each other, have influence on each other but do not necessarily always complement each other. This means that in analyzing heteroglossic realities, both cannot be regarded as separate (or separable) spaces.

scholarly journals Use of Kodak Tech-Pan Film at the Ukstu

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.A. Parker ◽  
S. Phillipps ◽  
D.H. Morgan ◽  
D.F. Malin ◽  
K.S. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Great Success ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Schmidt Telescope ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Focal Surface ◽  
Flexible Film ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Reciprocity Failure

Kodak Technical Pan (Tech Pan) emulsion is an extremely fine grained, high resolution, panchromatic negative film with extended red sensitivity. It has been produced under this name since about 1980 (Kodak P–255, 1981) and is available on Kodak's Estar base in a number of thicknesses and sizes. The thick ∗∗base Tech Pan is designated 4415 and has been used with great success by the amateur astronomical community for many years (e.g. Martys 1991). Its astronomical potential was recognised early by Everhart (1981). However, tests at professional telescopes (e.g. West et al. 1981) and early sensitometer tests at the UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) in 1981 and 1987 were discontinued when the glass and film samples did not respond well to normal hypersensitisation techniques. These and other difficulties led to a lack of interest among the professional astronomical community until quite recently (Russell et al. 1992; Parker &amp; Malin 1992). The first successful use of 14 × 14 inch hypered Tech-Pan 4415 film in the UKST was in March 1991. Films were obtained which exhibited excellent image quality and resolution. Furthermore, in good seeing these appeared to be about 1 magnitude deeper than the equivalent IIIa-F emulsion on glass but with considerably lower grain noise. This result was achieved because two main problems associated with Tech-Pan and film use in the UKST have been resolved. These were: 1) obtaining Tech-Pan film with long exposure speed sufficient for deep astronomical photography (i.e. reduction of low intenstiy reciprocity failure); 2) overcoming the practical difficulties of mounting large-format flexible film at the UKST's curved focal surface.

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