Transforming state–civil society relations: centralization and externalization in refugee education

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 32-54
Author(s):  
Maissam Nimer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Refugee Education ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public

AbstractIn the context of the arrival of Syrians as of 2011 and the subsequent humanitarian assistance received in light of the EU–Turkey deal in 2016, there has been increased control over civil society organizations (CSOs) in Turkey. Through the case study of language education, this paper examines the relationship between the state and CSOs as shaped by the presence of Syrian refugees and how it evolved through the autonomy of state bureaucracy. It demonstrates that increased control led to the proliferation of larger projects, the deterrence of smaller CSOs, and a hierarchy between organizations prioritizing those that are aligned with the state. It argues that this policy is not only the result of the increased lack of trust between state and civil society but also an attempt to channel funds through state institutions to handle an unprecedented number of refugees while externalizing some of its functions. At the same time, this emerging relationship effectively allows the state to avoid making long-term integration policies and facing growing tensions among the public. This study is based on a qualitative study encompassing interviews with state officials as well as stakeholders in different types of CSOs that deliver language education for adults.

scholarly journals State policy in the field of civil society cooperation, executive and local government: legal and managerial aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
O. V. Turii
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Problems

The article describes the main factors of the development of civil society in Ukraine. Civil society as an independent and self-governing institution can and must play a powerful transformative and protective role in periods threatening for the state. It is thanks to civil society institutions that the state has a chance to escape from the threat of authoritarianism and disintegration through the development of volunteer, charitable and voluntary movements and the example of the Ukrainian state in recent years is another confirmation of this. Interaction of civil society and state institutions should be based on partnership, mutual interest in achieving the goals related to the process of democratization of all spheres of public administration and public life, socio-economic and spiritual progress, and comprehensive protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is the state of development of relations between local executive authorities, local self-government bodies and structural entities of political parties, civil society institutions that demonstrates the democratic and publicity of processes and the realism of the steps of the formation of civil society in the regions of the country. An important part of this process is the creation of effective mechanisms for coordinating the communicative efforts of public authorities, which will enable united efforts in solving common problems, avoid duplication of functions, and simplify organizational structure. However, the article analyzes the principles of interaction of civil society organizations with state authorities and their influence on the development of the rule of law, identifies a number of problematic issues regarding cooperation between the authorities and the public, as well as suggests ways of solving problems in the interaction of civil society institutions with state authorities.

The elimination of violence and terrorism in Iraq strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mona Ali Duaij ◽  
Ahlam Ahmed Issa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Religious Aspect

All the Iraqi state institutions and civil society organizations should develop a deliberate systematic policy to eliminate terrorism contracted with all parts of the economic, social, civil and political institutions and important question how to eliminate Daash to a terrorist organization hostile and if he country to eliminate the causes of crime and punish criminals and not to justify any type of crime of any kind, because if we stayed in the curriculum of justifying legitimate crime will deepen our continued terrorism, but give it legitimacy formula must also dry up the sources of terrorism media and private channels and newspapers that have abused the Holy Prophet Muhammad (p) and all kinds of any of their source (a sheei or a Sunni or Christians or Sabians) as well as from the religious aspect is not only the media but a meeting there must be cooperation of both parts of the state facilities and most importantly limiting arms possession only state you can not eliminate terrorism and violence, and we see people carrying arms without the name of the state and remains somewhat carefree is sincerity honesty and patriotism the most important motivation for the elimination of violence and terrorism and cooperation between parts of the Iraqi people and not be driven by a regional or global international schemes want to kill nations and kill our bodies of Sunnis, sheei , Christians, Sabean and Yazidi and others.

scholarly journals Exposure to Discretionary Arrests Increases Support for Anti-Police Protests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Hsuan Yun Chen ◽  
Paul McLachlan ◽  
Christopher Fariss
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Police Records ◽  
Study Support ◽  
State Agents ◽  
Using Data

The legitimacy of the state rests on individuals' perceptions of fairness when interacting with state institutions and state agents. The police as an institution and as individual agents have wide latitude to detain and use force against individuals. We argue that encounters with state bureaucracy and civil servants, specifically the police, can generate individual-level grievances against the state, and that these grievances make it more likely an individual participates in protest against the state. We study support for and the legitimacy of policing in the context of the anti-police protests in Baltimore, MD following the death of Freddie Gray in April, 2015. Using data from police records and social media, we show that individuals with higher exposure to discretionary arrests --- arrests that are potentially viewed as illegitimate or arbitrary --- are more likely to support protests against the police. In contrast, we demonstrate that exposure to arrests for major crimes such as murder does not follow the same pattern. Thus, support for the police as an institution varies systematically with exposure to arbitrary and capricious encounters with police agents. As these grievance generating encounters become more widespread, we expect to see increased protests against the police and further erosion in support of the police as an institution. Alternatively, shifting institutional resources to focus on major crimes and limiting the discretionary authority of police agents when interacting with the public may help to repair the legitimacy of policing institutions over the long term.

Undoing the Institutions of the Democratic State

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-149
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sadurski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Commercial Media ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Ruling Party

This chapter covers how, from the very beginning, the Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS)) party targeted five democratic institutions as obstacles to its capture of the state. First, it looks at the parliamentary opposition being marginalized and effectively silenced. Second, it details how the civil service has been subjected to political control, and the principles of professionalism and neutrality in the civil service have been abandoned. Third, the chapter looks at the public media being transformed into a propaganda machine for the ruling party, and the commercial media being threatened with laws that would constrain their operation. Fourth, it considers how electoral commissions have been effectively subjected to the executive, which renders massive electoral frauds possible. Finally, the chapter looks at how institutions dispensing grants and subsidies to civil society organizations have been centralized and subjected to the executive. All these institutions provide a buffer for the population from the arbitrary will of politicians, which is why PiS could not tolerate them.

scholarly journals Politicized Civil Society in Bangladesh: Case Study Analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Tasnim
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Typical Scenario

Although civil society in Bangladesh is recognized for its vibrant performance in social development, it is often criticized for its inability to ensure good governance and democracy. The aim of this paper is to point out the reasons for this failure of civil society. Through performing case studies upon five civil society organizations representing different sector and level of the civil society, the paper concludes that civil society organizations in Bangladesh are often politicized and co-opted by different political parties. In a typical scenario, civil society can provide a counterbalance or even monitor the state both at the national and local level. However, in Bangladesh, often the civil society organizations have compromised their autonomy and politicized themselves to certain political parties or political block. In such a vulnerable position, civil society can hardly play its expected role to ensure good governance and strengthen democracy.

scholarly journals Modernization of public-management approaches in the social sphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolosovska
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Public Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social

Problem setting. In the context of modern transformation processes, the modernization of the public administration system becomes important, in particular in the application of qualitatively new strategic approaches, mechanisms and tools in the social sphere. The current priority of public policy implementation at both the national and regional (local) levels is to meet the social needs of the most vulnerable and socially vulnerable categories of citizens. Current trends in public administration practices in developed countries indicate the need for effective intersectoral partnership in the system of public management of the social sphere, which provides for effective participation in this process, both relevant government institutions and civil society actors.Recent research and publications analysis. Problems of public management of the social sphere, public administration influence on social processes are characterized by considerable attention among both foreign and Ukrainian researchers. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problems. Despite significant scientific interest, the issues of substantiation of the role of decentralization in the formation of the principles of qualitative renewal of the content of the public administration system in the social sphere, the influence of state institutions on social processes, identification of trends and main directions of decentralization on the formation of strategy and modernization of public administration social sphere, etc.Paper main body. Based on the fact that the state level is of decisive and integrated importance in the implementation of the social function, the social responsibility is borne primarily by the state through the system of legislative and executive bodies. In view of this, it is the state that has the power to establish fair and transparent rules for the activities of various actors, including civil institutions, through the functioning of an effective system of control that would ensure their implementation.Researchers and experts point out the inconsistency of the current state policy of social development in Ukraine neither with the challenges formed under the influence of globalization processes and national conditions, nor with European standards for the introduction of this area of public administration.The system of social services provided by the current legislation is largely inconsistent with the current system of budget funding, which is mostly based on a formal approach that does not take into account the real need for material security of vulnerable groups and the real cost of benefits and services.Among the areas set out in the draft of the new National Strategy for Civil Society Development in Ukraine for 2021-2026, emphasis is placed on improving approaches to state support for civil society organizations and strengthening cooperation between them and the executive branch. In particular, one of the main tasks of the Strategy is to expand the mechanisms of support of civil society organizations by the state, as well as to increase the order of services from such organizations.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Processes of modernization of public administration in the social sphere should include the following key areas: regulatory (provides for the completeness and integrity of regulatory standards for the implementation of sectoral / functional policies and guarantees of social rights); organizational and institutional (consists in improving the institutional support of public management of the social sphere); functional-instrumental (provides for ensuring the integrity of the organizational-functional structure; effective coordination of the functioning of institutions); financial and economic (is to optimize the financial mechanisms for the implementation of tasks of social development and functioning of the social sphere); infrastructural (provides for the modernization of the social services system through the state's demonopolization of the social services market); resource (provides for the development and integration of different types of resource provision).

scholarly journals The state of revenues and expenditures of ukrainian civil society institutions as a reflection of the efficiency of the organization of civil society finances

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
The World

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the formation of revenues and expenditures of civil society institutions in Ukraine (in terms of NGOs and political parties) and to highlight them as a reflection of the effectiveness of the organization civil society finances. Design/methodology/approach. The work consists of several stages. Firstly, the author's understanding of the category "efficiency of civil society finances" is highlighted. It corresponds to the peculiarities of the functioning of civil society institutions in Ukraine and the world. The study itself consists in a step-by-step analysis of the peculiarities of the formation of revenues and expenditures of civil society institutions in Ukraine (in terms of NGOs and political parties) and their interrelation as a reflection of the effectiveness of civil society finances. Findings. The ratio of revenues and expenditures of Ukrainian NGOs and PPs in the study period characterized the state of the professionalism of financial reporting and planning. It is depends on the mechanism of state regulation and supervision of the finances of PPs and of other CSIs. Thus, improving the existing mechanism of state regulation in the field of finance of CSIs can be an important step towards not only improving the efficiency of finances of civil society, but also the transparency of the public sector. Originality/value. The article is an original complex study, the results of which will be useful both for the leaders of individual civil society organizations and for developers of the state strategy for building civil society. Thus, the population, civil society organizations, the state and civil society itself benefit from the study.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Roles and Challenges of Civil Society Organizations on the Process of Democratic Consolidation of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Musa Kabir Umar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Democratic Principles

organizations (CSOs) in the democratic consolidation of Nigeria. As the third sector, civil Society is known to be at the forefront in the democratization process for quite a long period of time, but their contributions are continuously being relegated especially by the state who viewed them with negative lenses particularly when they are opposed to their conducts. The paper had therefore tried to examine three civil society organizations namely Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD), Alliances for Credible Elections (ACE) and Stakeholder Democracy Network (SDN). Methodology: It achieved this objective by using a qualitative semi-structured face to face interviews supported with secondary sources of data. Nvivo 12 software was used in coding, categorization and general management of data. Results: The study revealed that CSOs in Nigeria have promoted the reliability of election by observing every phase of the country’s electoral process. Indeed, the CSOs have promoted democratic principles of civic participation, political engagement and tolerance among some political parties thereby advancing democratic consolidation in the polity. They have also stimulated policy changes in some crucial socio-economic policies. Again, the study revealed that CSOs faced economic problems which seriously distresses their operations and sustainability especially inability to extend into rural areas. It has also shown donor organization influence on the organizations which encroach their ideological base. Implications: The paper concluded by suggesting that the civil society must devise a means of economic survival as well as further strengthen their capacity through training and retraining to fully understand how governments operate for effective and concrete criticisms that would enhance democratic productivity to the people. Civil society should be allowed to freely ventilate democratically without threats from the state since it inspires governments to be more accountable, transparent, honest and responsive to the public needs, which will make it further win the support of the public hence reinforce its legitimacy.

scholarly journals State policy for promoting the development of civil society: problems of organizational and functional providing

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Tetiana Andriichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Stability ◽  
Leading Role

State policy for promoting the development of civil society is an significant component of the „state – civil society” relations system. In Ukraine, the direction of promoting the development of civil society was formed in the early 2000s. Three relevant state documents (concept, strategies) have already been implemented and a draft of a new National strategy for promoting the development of civil society in Ukraine 2021–2026 has been prepared. A number of legal acts on various mechanisms of interaction between executive bodies and civil society organizations (public consultations, public councils, public expertise, etc.) have also been adopted. The author explores the features of state policy for promoting the development of civil society in Ukraine in terms of its organizational and functional providing and identifies problematic issues that need to be addressed. In particular, the process of the system’s formation of divisions of executive bodies on issues of interaction with the public is analyzed. Organizational characteristics of such divisions and their functions are considered. The author paid a special attention to the problems of organizational and functional support in terms of policy formation to promote the development of civil society, definition of standards and coordination of executive bodies activity in the relevant field. The author substantiated according to the results of the research that in general the state policy of promoting the development of civil society in Ukraine has passed the initial, fundamental stage of formation. However, its overall effectiveness is not sufficient. And organizational and functional providing is one of the factors of this situation. In particular, the formation of a full-fledged system of special divisions in the executive branch has not yet been completed. Responsibilities for promoting the development of civil society are within the competence of divisions of interaction with the public, while their functions are not regulated, and human resources and technical capacity depends on the political priorities of management. Also, the body designed to play a leading role in this area is not defined in the executive branch. Due to this, the relevant state policy in Ukraine does not have institutional stability and develops chaotically and inconsistently. In particular, a full-fledged system of special units in the executive branch has not been formed yet Key words: civil society, state policy, government, executive bodies, civil society organizations, organizational and functional providing.

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