scholarly journals Hunting Gravitational Waves with Multi-Messenger Counterparts: Australia’s Role

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Howell ◽  
A. Rowlinson ◽  
D. M. Coward ◽  
P. D. Lasky ◽  
D. L. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Sensitivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
New Era ◽  
Worldwide Network ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe first observations by a worldwide network of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors offer a unique opportunity for the astronomical community. At design sensitivity, these facilities will be able to detect coalescing binary neutron stars to distances approaching 400 Mpc, and neutron star–black hole systems to 1 Gpc. Both of these sources are associated with gamma-ray bursts which are known to emit across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Gravitational wave detections provide the opportunity for ‘multi-messenger’ observations, combining gravitational wave with electromagnetic, cosmic ray, or neutrino observations. This review provides an overview of how Australian astronomical facilities and collaborations with the gravitational wave community can contribute to this new era of discovery, via contemporaneous follow-up observations from the radio to the optical and high energy. We discuss some of the frontier discoveries that will be made possible when this new window to the Universe is opened.

4. Windows in the sky

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
The Universe

The atmosphere influences much of what can be seen through a telescope. Most of the atmosphere lies within 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Further out, the air becomes thinner until it merges with outer space. In the ionosphere—a layer 75–1000 km high—neutral atoms are ionized by solar radiation and high-energy cosmic ray particles arriving from distant parts of the Universe. ‘Windows in the sky’ explains electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through to visible light and radio waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can be polarized. The atmosphere acts as a filter and blocks cosmic electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric turbulence distorts starlight resulting in ‘twinkling’ stars.

scholarly journals Interpreting correlated observations of cosmic rays and gamma-rays from Centaurus A with a proton blazar inspired model

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094
Author(s):  
Prabir Banik ◽  
Arunava Bhadra ◽  
Abhijit Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Centaurus A

ABSTRACT The nearest active radio galaxy Centaurus (Cen) A is a gamma-ray emitter in GeV–TeV energy scale. The high energy stereoscopic system (HESS) and non-simultaneous Fermi–Large Area Telescope observation indicate an unusual spectral hardening above few GeV energies in the gamma-ray spectrum of Cen A. Very recently the HESS observatory resolved the kilo parsec (kpc)-scale jets in Centaurus A at TeV energies. On the other hand, the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) detects a few ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) events from Cen-A. The proton blazar inspired model, which considers acceleration of both electrons and hadronic cosmic rays in active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet, can explain the observed coincident high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays from Ice-cube detected AGN jets. Here, we have employed the proton blazar inspired model to explain the observed GeV–TeV gamma-ray spectrum features including the spectrum hardening at GeV energies along with the PAO observation on cosmic rays from Cen-A. Our findings suggest that the model can explain consistently the observed electromagnetic spectrum in combination with the appropriate number of UHECRs from Cen A.

What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
The Universe

Gamma-ray bursts are the brightest—and, until recently, among the least understood—cosmic events in the universe. Discovered by chance during the Cold War, these evanescent high-energy explosions confounded astronomers for decades. But a rapid series of startling breakthroughs beginning in 1997 revealed that the majority of gamma-ray bursts are caused by the explosions of young and massive stars in the vast star-forming cauldrons of distant galaxies. New findings also point to very different origins for some events, serving to complicate but enrich our understanding of the exotic and violent universe. This book is an introduction to this fast-growing subject, written by an astrophysicist who is at the forefront of today's research into these incredible cosmic phenomena. The book gives readers a concise and accessible overview of gamma-ray bursts and the theoretical framework that physicists have developed to make sense of complex observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. The book traces the history of remarkable discoveries that led to our current understanding of gamma-ray bursts, and reveals the decisive role these phenomena could play in the grand pursuits of twenty-first century astrophysics, from studying gravity waves and unveiling the growth of stars and galaxies after the big bang to surmising the ultimate fate of the universe itself. This book is an essential primer to this exciting frontier of scientific inquiry, and a must-read for anyone seeking to keep pace with cutting-edge developments in physics today.

scholarly journals Gravitational-wave follow-up with CTA after the detection of GRBs in the TeV energy domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (3) ◽  
pp. 3476-3482 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Bartos ◽  
K R Corley ◽  
N Gupte ◽  
N Ash ◽  
Z Márka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
High Energy Emission

ABSTRACT The recent discovery of TeV emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the MAGIC and H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes confirmed that emission from these transients can extend to very high energies. The TeV energy domain reaches the most sensitive band of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). This newly anticipated, improved sensitivity will enhance the prospects of gravitational-wave follow-up observations by CTA to probe particle acceleration and high-energy emission from binary black hole and neutron star mergers, and stellar core-collapse events. Here we discuss the implications of TeV emission on the most promising strategies of choice for the gravitational-wave follow-up effort for CTA and Cherenkov telescopes more broadly. We find that TeV emission (i) may allow more than an hour of delay between the gravitational-wave event and the start of CTA observations; (ii) enables the use of CTA’s small size telescopes that have the largest field of view. We characterize the number of pointings needed to find a counterpart. (iii) We compute the annual follow-up time requirements and find that prioritization will be needed. (iv) Even a few telescopes could detect sufficiently nearby counterparts, raising the possibility of adding a handful of small-sized or medium-sized telescopes to the network at diverse geographic locations. (v) The continued operation of VERITAS/H.E.S.S./MAGIC would be a useful compliment to CTA’s follow-up capabilities by increasing the sky area that can be rapidly covered, especially in the United States and Australia, in which the present network of gravitational-wave detectors is more sensitive.

scholarly journals Search for High Energy emission from GRBs with MAGIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S324) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Alessio Berti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
Gamma Ray Imaging ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
High Energy Emission ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Very High

AbstractGamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most violent explosions in the Universe, releasing a huge amount of energy in few seconds. While our understanding of the prompt and the afterglow phases has increased with Swift and Fermi, we have very few information about their High Energy (HE, E ≲ 100) emission components. This requires a ground-based experiment able to perform fast follow-up with enough sensitivity above ~ 50 GeV. The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes have been designed to perform fast follow-up on GRBs thanks to fast slewing movement and low energy threshold (~ 50 GeV). Since the beginning of the operations, MAGIC followed-up 89 GRBs in good observational conditions. In this contribution the MAGIC GRBs follow-up campaign and the results which could be obtained by detecting HE and Very High Energy (VHE, E ≳ 100 GeV) γ-rays from GRBs will be reviewed.

scholarly journals The Zadko Telescope: Exploring the Transient Universe

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Coward ◽  
B. Gendre ◽  
P. Tanga ◽  
D. Turpin ◽  
J. Zadko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Cassegrain Telescope

AbstractThe Zadko telescope is a 1 m f/4 Cassegrain telescope, situated in the state of Western Australia about 80-km north of Perth. The facility plays a niche role in Australian astronomy, as it is the only meter class facility in Australia dedicated to automated follow-up imaging of alerts or triggers received from different external instruments/detectors spanning the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the location of the facility at a longitude not covered by other meter class facilities provides an important resource for time critical projects. This paper reviews the status of the Zadko facility and science projects since it began robotic operations in March 2010. We report on major upgrades to the infrastructure and equipment (2012–2014) that has resulted in significantly improved robotic operations. Second, we review the core science projects, which include automated rapid follow-up of gamma ray burst (GRB) optical afterglows, imaging of neutrino counterpart candidates from the ANTARES neutrino observatory, photometry of rare (Barbarian) asteroids, supernovae searches in nearby galaxies. Finally, we discuss participation in newly commencing international projects, including the optical follow-up of gravitational wave (GW) candidates from the United States and European GW observatory network and present first tests for very low latency follow-up of fast radio bursts. In the context of these projects, we outline plans for a future upgrade that will optimise the facility for alert triggered imaging from the radio, optical, high-energy, neutrino, and GW bands.

scholarly journals Progress Toward a Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatory

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Livas ◽  
Robin T. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Gamma Ray Telescopes

AbstractThe discovery of binary pulsar PSR 1913+16 by Hulse & Taylor in 1974 established the existence of gravitational waves, for which the 1983 Nobel Prize was awarded. However, the measurement of astrophysical parameters from gravitational waves will open an entirely new spectrum for discovery and understanding of the Universe, not simply a new window in the electromagnetic spectrum like gamma ray telescopes in the 1970s. Two types of ground-based detectors, Advanced LIGO/Virgo and Pulsar Timing Arrays, are expected to directly detect gravitational waves in their respective frequency bands before the end of the decade. However, many of the most exciting sources are in the band from 0.1–100 mHz, accessible only from space due to seismic and gravity gradient noise on Earth. The European Space Agency (ESA) has chosen the 'Gravitational Universe' as the science theme for its L3 Cosmic Visions opportunity, planned for launch in 2034. NASA is planning to participate as a junior partner. Here we summarize progress toward realizing a gravitational wave observatory in space.

scholarly journals Study of nucleosynthesis in neutron star merger with optical-infrared follow-up observations of gravitational wave sources

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Michitoshi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Universe

Professor Michitoshi Yoshida, who is based at Subaru Telescope of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is a lead scientist with J-GEM (the Japanese Collaboration for Gravitational- Wave Electro-Magnetic Follow-up) and throughout the course of his career in galactic study, has become increasingly interested in the active phenomena of the universe, such as gamma ray bursts (GRB). J-GEM is embarking on a research approach called multi-messenger astronomy, this method is based on the coordination between classical electromagnetic astronomy, new GW astronomy and particle astronomy, and is opening new opportunities for humans to investigate the Universe.

scholarly journals Multimodal Analysis of Gravitational Wave Signals and Gamma-Ray Bursts from Binary Neutron Star Mergers

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Elena Cuoco ◽  
Barbara Patricelli ◽  
Alberto Iess ◽  
Filip Morawski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Binary Neutron Star ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Universe

A major boost in the understanding of the universe was given by the revelation of the first coalescence event of two neutron stars (GW170817) and the observation of the same event across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. With third-generation gravitational wave detectors and the new astronomical facilities, we expect many multi-messenger events of the same type. We anticipate the need to analyse the data provided to us by such events not only to fulfil the requirements of real-time analysis, but also in order to decipher the event in its entirety through the information emitted in the different messengers using machine learning. We propose a change in the paradigm in the way we do multi-messenger astronomy, simultaneously using the complete information generated by violent phenomena in the Universe. What we propose is the application of a multimodal machine learning approach to characterize these events.

scholarly journals UVscope and its application aboard the ASTRI-Horn telescope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concetta Maccarone ◽  
Giovanni La Rosa ◽  
Osvaldo Catalano ◽  
Salvo Giarrusso ◽  
Alberto Segreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

AbstractUVscope is an instrument, based on a multi-pixel photon detector, developed to support experimental activities for high-energy astrophysics and cosmic ray research. The instrument, working in single photon counting mode, is designed to directly measure light flux in the wavelengths range 300-650 nm. The instrument can be used in a wide field of applications where the knowledge of the nocturnal environmental luminosity is required. Currently, one UVscope instrument is allocated onto the external structure of the ASTRI-Horn Cherenkov telescope devoted to the gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. Being co-aligned with the ASTRI-Horn camera axis, UVscope can measure the diffuse emission of the night sky background simultaneously with the ASTRI-Horn camera, without any interference with the main telescope data taking procedures. UVscope is properly calibrated and it is used as an independent reference instrument for test and diagnostic of the novel ASTRI-Horn telescope.

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