scholarly journals STUDENT PARTICIPANTS IN EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN ENGINEERING DESIGN - A COLLECTION OF REFLECTIONS TO IMPROVE YOUR STUDY QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2741-2750
Author(s):  
Selin Üreten ◽  
Olga Sankowski ◽  
Dieter Krause
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
Research Institute

AbstractEngineering design has a broad variety of approaches, methods and methodologies to conduct, evaluate and validate research. This contribution focuses on empirical studies and divides existing approaches and classifies them according to a scheme with criteria and boundary conditions, such as participants (students, researchers), the length of the study, the incorporation of the study into the curriculum etc. There are certain ideas, challenges and recommended practices associated with each environment and scenario. Knowing them will help design method developers in engineering design who want to conduct empirical studies but have little or no experience with student participants. Therefore, conducted studies from the research institute are mapped onto the classification scheme and synthesized challenges and recommended practices associated with laboratory conditions and student participants will be presented.

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS BEHIND LEARNING TO DESIGN: NOVICES AS DORMANT EXPERT DESIGNERS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gress ◽  
S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
And Coping

With their increasing emphasis on the importance of hands-on practice and gaining experience, the fields of engineering-design research and education appear to be entering a human-focused transition other fields like economics and decision making have emerged from in the recent past. In addition to the original, modernism-rooted desire for a rational science of design modelled on the natural sciences, this delay may be due the inherently strong association of engineering with science – i.e., ‘applied science.’ This research investigated whether there may instead be a science to the human involvement in design, of the human behaviours that often appear in actual engineering design practice. It surveyed published empirical studies in psychology, child development and other social and life sciences – as well as those within design research itself. Of particular interest were the designer behaviours and activities which did not follow the prescriptions of – or were prescribed against by – the traditional, rational-design methods: visualization, single-solution conjecturing, and intuition. Results from this survey showed comprehensively that environmental interactions and authentic design experiences activate latent design abilities and coping mechanisms that may be difficult to obtain otherwise. Without such interaction and the gaining of experience there can be no designing, so essentially design is a wholly human phenomenon. Rather than follow the rational-design method and prescribe against these design-enabling behaviours, then, it appears that a better pedagogical approach is to allow them to develop and mature – and let design novices become the experts they were meant to be.

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS BEHIND LEARNING TO DESIGN: NOVICES AS DORMANT EXPERT DESIGNERS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gress ◽  
S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
And Coping

With their increasing emphasis on the importance of hands-on practice and gaining experience, the fields of engineering-design research and education appear to be entering a human-focused transition other fields like economics and decision making have emerged from in the recent past. In addition to the original, modernism-rooted desire for a rational science of design modelled on the natural sciences, this delay may be due the inherently strong association of engineering with science – i.e., ‘applied science.’ This research investigated whether there may instead be a science to the human involvement in design, of the human behaviours that often appear in actual engineering design practice. It surveyed published empirical studies in psychology, child development and other social and life sciences – as well as those within design research itself. Of particular interest were the designer behaviours and activities which did not follow the prescriptions of – or were prescribed against by – the traditional, rational-design methods: visualization, single-solution conjecturing, and intuition. Results from this survey showed comprehensively that environmental interactions and authentic design experiences activate latent design abilities and coping mechanisms that may be difficult to obtain otherwise. Without such interaction and the gaining of experience there can be no designing, so essentially design is a wholly human phenomenon. Rather than follow the rational-design method and prescribe against these design-enabling behaviours, then, it appears that a better pedagogical approach is to allow them to develop and mature – and let design novices become the experts they were meant to be.

Analyzing Participant Behaviors in Design Crowdsourcing Contests Using Causal Inference on Field Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish M. Chaudhari ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Jitesh H. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Game Theoretic

Crowdsourcing is the practice of getting ideas and solving problems using a large number of people on the Internet. It is gaining popularity for activities in the engineering design process ranging from concept generation to design evaluation. The outcomes of crowdsourcing contests depend on the decisions and actions of participants, which in turn depend on the nature of the problem and the contest. For effective use of crowdsourcing within engineering design, it is necessary to understand how the outcomes of crowdsourcing contests are affected by sponsor-related, contest-related, problem-related, and individual-related factors. To address this need, we employ existing game-theoretic models, empirical studies, and field data in a synergistic way using the theory of causal inference. The results suggest that participants' decisions to participate are negatively influenced by higher task complexity and lower reputation of sponsors. However, they are positively influenced by the number of prizes and higher allocation to prizes at higher levels. That is, an amount of money on any following prize generates higher participation than the same amount of money on the first prize. The contributions of the paper are: (a) a causal graph that encodes relationships among factors affecting crowdsourcing contests, derived from game-theoretic models and empirical studies, and (b) a quantification of the causal effects of these factors on the outcomes of GrabCAD, Cambridge, MA contests. The implications of these results on the design of future design crowdsourcing contests are discussed.

Thermal loading of concrete bridges

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. S. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Frequency Distributions

This paper presents the results of a parametric study into the thermal loading of concrete bridges by solar radiation. All results were obtained using a computer model calibrated from field measurements. The model computes the loading parameters from the bridge characteristics and the standard daily records of the weather bureau. The design method given uses an effective thickness concept to find the effects of a wearing course on the temperature profile of the underlying bridge. Thermal loading depends on climate and is extremely variable. Histograms are presented, which show the frequency distributions of the loading parameters for sample bridges at three Australian sites covering a range of climatic regimes from tropical to temperate. Key words: bridges, concrete, loads, temperature, solar radiation, structural engineering, design chart.

Biogeographical units matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Area Classification

One of the recurrent themes in historical biogeography relates to the units of analysis, their definition and identification. Although areas of endemism are usually accepted as the standard units of study, other units have been suggested, as well as several methods for identifying them. There is no consensus on which units are best suited for the studies; however, the effect of the units and area schemes on analytical results is acknowledged. Here, I review the literature on biogeographic units, their uses and recommendations, highlighting the relevance of the use of more than one area-classification scheme in empirical studies.

scholarly journals Effects of Multidisciplinary Participatory Design Method on Students’ Engineering Design Process

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Yu-Hung Chien ◽  
Chun-Kai Yao ◽  
Yu-Han Chao
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Experimental Group

This study took the ergonomics design course as an example to propose a design teaching model of multidisciplinary participatory design (MPD), and investigated the effects of this teaching model on the engineering design behavior of college students. We used lag behavior sequential analysis to compare the design behaviors of three student groups: a participatory design (PD) experimental group, an MPD experimental group, and a control group. The results of the study show that (1) students in the PD experimental group had 13 significant sequential engineering design behaviors, students in the MPD experimental group had 10, and students in the control group had only seven. The engineering design behaviors of the experimental groups were more diversified than those of the control group. (2) The three groups of students had a small number of significant design behavior transfers in the engineering design process, indicating that the students’ sequential design behaviors between two different design activities were insufficient. We concluded by detailing the pros and cons of using the MPD teaching model based on the results of this study, and hopefully by providing a reference for teaching engineering design.

Sustainable Design Through Flexible Product Evolution

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Van Wie ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Product Evolution ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Over Time

Sustainable design defined broadly is the problem of designing environmentally benign products so that the environment can be maintained with minimal negative effects from the product throughout the product’s entire lifecycle. This research investigates how sustainable design can be achieved at the conceptual design stage. Although sustainability encompasses a vast number of issues ranging from energy efficient solutions, design for disassembly, recycling, proper material selection, and improved manufacturing choices, the research focus of this work is on the particular issue of product evolution as it relates to the flexibility of a product or concept. Product evolution, often powered by new technology, erases the market competitiveness of concepts over time and impacts flexibility on the design effort side. Specifically, how does the designer develop concepts that can at least partially be reused and adapted to the next product generation with minimal effort? One answer is to design flexible concepts that can incur unknown future changes with maximum concept reuse. Flexibility in this context implies the property of a concept, physical solution, component, or product, to be robust and tolerant to generally unavoidable evolutionary changes. The challenge is to know how to configure a product to satisfy this requirement. As part of this research, we perform empirical studies of product evolution to determine evolutionary trends. Product evolution is measured in the broad terms of product performance over time. The goal is to predict when a product should evolve by either 1) moving from the lower plateau of an S-curve to the higher plateau or 2) jumping to a new S-curve being prepared to do so in a sustainable manner. That is, the objective is to allow companies to be able to reuse components or platforms (including reconditioning and recycling), tooling as well as design and manufacturing staff. The key toward this goal is an understanding how products evolve and what conditions coincide with product change. The approach is to investigate the types of changes (evolutions) that lead to flexible (sustainable) designs. The results of this research can be used for a prescriptive approach in developing a sustainable design method that relies on this newly acquired knowledge of product evolution.

scholarly journals Validation of the Design for Mass Adaptation Method – A Case for Higher Medical Treatment Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Selin Üreten ◽  
Johanna Spallek ◽  
Ece Üreten ◽  
Dieter Krause
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Adaptation Method ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

This contribution demonstrates the application of the new Design Method Validation System ( DMVS) for the validation of engineering design methods in product development. The application example is a case from the medical branch. The product design method Design for Mass Adaptation ( DfMAd) with individualization and modification steps as triggers is compared to an adapted design method with product individualization but without modification triggers. This experimental study was conducted in accordance with the DMVS procedure. Measured outcomes refer to the usefulness, applicability and acceptance of the design method DfMAd. Two groups of student participants were compared to each other through research tools based on quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. Findings show that the considered DfMAd phase successfully leads to the desired benefit for the consideration of variant-oriented alternatives, thus confirming the test hypothesis. In the example of a product, a crutch, a high treatment quality can be achieved by specific adaptability of the product. In addition, it is shown that DMVS is suitable for the development of experiments and that the data collection means are differently suited for the validation of the three criteria.

Engineering Design Based on Hammersley Sequences Sampling Method and SVR

2012 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ke ◽  
Hao Bo Qiu ◽  
Zhen Zhong Chen ◽  
Li Chi
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
Computationally Expensive ◽  
Sample Method

Nowadays, computer-based engineering design is becoming widely used in the design of products. In the field of engineering, CAD model, FEM method and surrogate model are used to reduce the time and computational cost comparing with the traditional engineering design. But when facing with computationally expensive tasks, such design method mentioned above seems unable to deal with such tasks. In that case, surrogate model is gradually used and shows great potential in dealing with the computationally complex tasks. Although computing power and speed are rapidly growing, the use of the computer simulation analysis is limited in doing engineering design and some other analysis such as reliability analysis for complex product, so that it limits the use of metamodeling techniques. In that case, we use space-filling DOE sample method to support the construction of surrogate model. In this paper, we consider both Hammersley sequences and SVM as sampling method and surrogate model to construct the simulation design model, aiming at reduce computational costs. SVR achieves more accuracy and shows great potential in application in the design of complex and computationally expensive tasks.

scholarly journals Effects of the Design Parameters against Slab on Grade Volume Using Corps of Engineering Design Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 1198 (8) ◽  
pp. 082001
Author(s):  
Muhamad Taufik Costarico ◽  
Maulid Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Joni Arliansyah
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Parameters
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