scholarly journals CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR DOORS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 701-710
Author(s):  
Adrian König ◽  
Patrick Neuhaus ◽  
Koch Alexander ◽  
Schockenhoff Ferdinand ◽  
Hafemann Philipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Development Process ◽  
User Study ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Modular Architecture

AbstractVehicle doors have barely changed in recent decades, and nor has the car. Since autonomous driving will lead to changes in vehicles and how they are used, their doors will also have to be rethought. In the project UNICARagil, researchers from several universities in Germany design and build four prototypes of driverless and autonomous vehicles, which are developed based on a new and modular architecture. As part of this, we developed a concept including a prototype of an automated door system. In this paper, we present our concept development process adapted for door systems of autonomous vehicles. Based on the vehicle concept development process, it should help researchers and engineers to select and design new door concepts in an early phase. At the end, by means of an example, we present the prototype of our door concept as well as a boarding user study we carried out. This study helps evaluate and improve the boarding comfort of future door concepts.

scholarly journals USER NEED-ORIENTED CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3349-3358
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Schockenhoff ◽  
Adrian König ◽  
Maximilian Zähringer ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
User Need ◽  
Input Variables

AbstractVehicle concept development is a domain that has applied and detailed its process over decades. The megatrends of the 21st century of “automation” and “sharing” influence the vehicle concept in such a manner that this well-running process needs an update. The vehicle itself and the customer of the vehicle are changing and therefore the components of the vehicle and the input variables of the useroriented design of the vehicle concept must be changed as well. We present a development process for autonomous vehicle concepts to address these challenges. We are therefore analyzing the current definition of a vehicle concept and its development process. Based on a literature review of a selection of common design methodologies, we update this definition for autonomous vehicle concepts and present a development process that presents design concepts of autonomous vehicle in a user need oriented way. This includes the sharing of models since user needs could be fulfilled by more than one vehicle concept. We believe that the presented process can be a starting point for vehicle concept development of the 21st century.

Paper2Wire – A Case Study of User-Centred Development of Machine Learning Tools for UX Designers

i-com ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Daniel Buschek ◽  
Charlotte Anlauff ◽  
Florian Lachner
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Development Process ◽  
User Study ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Industry Partner

Abstract This paper reflects on a case study of a user-centred concept development process for a Machine Learning (ML) based design tool, conducted at an industry partner. The resulting concept uses ML to match graphical user interface elements in sketches on paper to their digital counterparts to create consistent wireframes. A user study (N=20) with a working prototype shows that this concept is preferred by designers, compared to the previous manual procedure. Reflecting on our process and findings we discuss lessons learned for developing ML tools that respect practitioners’ needs and practices.

scholarly journals Integrated approach enabling robust and tolerance design in product concept development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Goetz ◽  
Philipp Kirchner ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
User Study ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Tolerance Design ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Tolerance Specification

Abstract Along with the ever-increasing customer demands, early consideration of variation in terms of robust design is important to avoid expensive iterations in the product development. However, existing methods are detached from the development process and can therefore only be applied at a late stage or only with comprehensive expert knowledge. Especially in the concept stage, where the geometry of a product is not yet defined and the optimisation potential is high, effective solution proposals for systematic consideration of variation are lacking. Therefore, this paper describes a new integrated approach facilitating robust and tolerance design in the concept stage. The novelty of the approach using ontologies and graph-based visualisation is the close linkage of product development and tolerance knowledge, which allows automation and helps to avoid time- and cost-intensive iteration loops. As a result, a robust and tolerance-compliant concept design, an initial qualitative tolerance specification and instructions for the further tolerancing process are already available at the end of the concept stage. The applicability and the benefits of the approach are illustrated by representative case studies and a user study allowing a critical comparison between the conventional, mostly subjective procedure and the presented approach.

scholarly journals Combining a Genetic Algorithm and a Fuzzy System to Optimize User Centricity in Autonomous Vehicle Concept Development

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Schockenhoff ◽  
Maximilian Zähringer ◽  
Matthias Brönner ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Entire Vehicle ◽  
User Centered

The megatrends of individualization and sharing will dramatically change our consumer behavior. The needs of a product’s users will be central input for its development. Current development processes are not suitable for this product development; thus, we propose a combination of a genetic algorithm and a fuzzy system for user-centered development. We execute our new methodological approach on the example of autonomous vehicle concepts to demonstrate its implementation and functionality. The genetic algorithm minimizes the required number of vehicle concepts to satisfy the mobility needs of a user group, and the fuzzy system transfers user needs into vehicle-related properties, which are currently input for vehicle concept development. To present this method, we use a typical family and their potential mobility behavior. Our method optimizes their minimal number of vehicle concepts to satisfy all mobility needs and derives the properties of the vehicle concepts. By integrating our method into the entire vehicle concept development process, autonomous vehicles can be designed user-centered in the context of the megatrends of individualization and sharing. In summary, our method enables us to derive an optimized number of products for qualitatively described, heterogeneous user needs and determine their product-related properties.

scholarly journals Sitting Postures and Activities in Autonomous Vehicles – New Requirements towards Occupant Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1874-1878
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Köhler ◽  
Julia Pelzer ◽  
Kristian Seidel ◽  
Stefan Ladwig
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
User Study ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

In the context of autonomous driving, new possibilities for passenger positions and occupation arise. Vehicle concepts provide more degrees of freedom for seating configurations and different activities as a passenger, leading to a need for advanced protection principles. The H2020-project OSCCAR analyses occupant safety requirements for highly automated vehicles (HAV) and defines technological developments necessary for novel safety principles. In order to understand the potential of novel sitting postures and activities in the context of autonomous driving, an empirical user study was conducted to examine the impact of different scenarios on preferred sitting postures in a simulated automated driving situation. Results gave insights into detailed sitting postures that are most likely to be obtained by occupants in future use cases. The results serve as input to a test case matrix in order to design future occupant restraint principles.

scholarly journals PACKAGE PLANNING OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE CONCEPTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2369-2378
Author(s):  
Adrian König ◽  
Daniel Telschow ◽  
Lorenzo Nicoletti ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
New Business ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
A Current

AbstractAutonomous driving will not just change vehicles themselves, but also the entire concept of mobility. New business models and the expansion of individual mobility to new groups of society are merely examples of possible impact. In order to create optimal vehicles for new technologies right from the start, vehicle concept optimization helps to find suitable solutions from numerous possible variations. The package as part of a vehicle concept is currently focused on passenger cars with steering wheels and pedals. Therefore, a new method is needed to plan the package of driverless and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we present a possible method that separates the vehicle into the interior and the front and rear wagon. This way, different seating layouts can be considered and evaluated in terms of package efficiency. In the results, we check the plausibility by rebuilding a current battery electric vehicle (BEV) and, by way of example, show the variation of the gear angle and different seating layouts, and the resulting package efficiency.

scholarly journals Maneuver-Based Objectification of User Comfort Affecting Aspects of Driving Style of Autonomous Vehicle Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Schockenhoff ◽  
Hannes Nehse ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
User Study ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
The Individual ◽  
User Comfort

Driving maneuvers try to objectify user needs regarding the driving dynamics for a vehicle concept. As autonomous vehicles will not be driven by people, the driving style that merges the individual aspects of driving dynamics, like user comfort, will be part of the vehicle concept itself. New driving maneuvers are, therefore, necessary to objectify the driving style of autonomous vehicle concepts with all its interdependencies relating to the individual aspects. This paper presents a methodology to design such driving maneuvers and includes a pilot study and a user study. As an example, the methodology was applied to the parameters of user comfort and travel time. The driven maneuvers resulted in statistical equations to objectify the interdependencies of these two aspects. Finally, this paper provides an outlook for needed maneuvers in order to tackle the entire driving style with its multidimensional facets.

Review of Trends and Potentials in the Vehicle Concept Development Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Nicoletti ◽  
Matthias Bronner ◽  
Benedikt Danquah ◽  
Alexander Koch ◽  
Adrian Konig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Vehicle Concept

scholarly journals evoDash – A Transdisciplinary Vision for an Education Platform and a Simulation-Based Vehicle Development Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Kuentzer ◽  
Marcel Schwarzenbarth ◽  
Daniel Siladjev ◽  
Georg Rock
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Vehicle Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Education Platform ◽  
Student Projects ◽  
Vehicle Development Process

In the wake of environmental disasters and accelerating climate change the challenges facing humanity seem bigger than ever. In the public eye private transport and mobility are two of the most apparent fields in need of a sustainable evolution. Around the globe car manufacturers and developers of innovative mobility solutions are hard at work in shaping the future of transport and travel. Like many modern problems these fields require a transdisciplinary approach and collaboration of disciplines in order to design a solution. At Trier University of Applied Sciences, the student team proTRon has been building highly efficient mobility concepts since 2005 and developing the prototype for a law- and safety-compliant urban vehicle concept since 2015. In this industry-oriented collaboration project the students get the chance to work in a realistic environment emulating a vehicle development process, preparing them for a job in the mobility industry as the next generation of system developers and engineers with a transdisciplinary attitude. Within the framework of this project students acquire competencies in communication and cooperation as well as gain expertise in areas like sustainability, efficiency, and organization. This paper introduces “evoDash”, a human-vehicle interface prototype for the urban vehicle concept proTRon EVOLUTION with a focus on usability and modularity. Designed and developed by students it is a software architecture based on Android and central part of a vision for a transdisciplinary education platform, which provides the foundation for future software and hardware development projects working towards an innovative and sustainable human-vehicle interface. The modular architecture of the platform provides the necessary interfaces and layout options for the functionalities that result from innovative ideas and student projects, embedding them into a usable and individually adjustable framework that will be subject to continuous iterations in order to optimize usability, safety and security. This paper proposes a simulation-based process model focused on rapid prototyping. It aims at providing a possible framework for transdisciplinary engineering projects and education.

Female Voice Agents in Fully Autonomous Vehicles Are Not Only More Likeable and Comfortable, But Also More Competent

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Dong ◽  
Emily Lawson ◽  
Jack Olsen ◽  
Myounghoon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
User Perception ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Voice

Driving agents can provide an effective solution to improve drivers’ trust in and to manage interactions with autonomous vehicles. Research has focused on voice-agents, while few have explored robot-agents or the comparison between the two. The present study tested two variables - voice gender and agent embodiment, using conversational scripts. Twenty participants experienced autonomous driving using the simulator for four agent conditions and filled out subjective questionnaires for their perception of each agent. Results showed that the participants perceived the voice only female agent as more likeable, more comfortable, and more competent than other conditions. Their final preference ranking also favored this agent over the others. Interestingly, eye-tracking data showed that embodied agents did not add more visual distractions than the voice only agents. The results are discussed with the traditional gender stereotype, uncanny valley, and participants’ gender. This study can contribute to the design of in-vehicle agents in the autonomous vehicles and future studies are planned to further identify the underlying mechanisms of user perception on different agents.

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