Globalization and the Demand-Side of Politics: How Globalization Shapes Labor Market Risk Perceptions and Policy Preferences

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Walter
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Conditional Effect ◽  
Cross National

Does globalization affect the demand-side of politics, and if so, how? This paper builds on new developments in trade theory to argue that globalization matters, but that its effects on individuals’ perceptions of labor market risk and policy preferences are more heterogenous than previous research has acknowledged. Globalization exposure increases risk perceptions and demands for social protection among low-skilled individuals, but decreases them among high-skilled individuals. This conditional effect is observationally distinct from classic trade models as well as arguments that deindustrialization or ideology predominantly drive such perceptions and preferences. Analyzing cross-national survey data from 16 European countries and focusing both on trade and offshoring, the empirical analyses support the prediction that exposure to globalization affects high- and low-skilled individuals differently, leading to variation in labor market risk perceptions and policy preferences.

scholarly journals The Political Consequences of Labor Market Dualization: Labor Market Status, Occupational Unemployment and Policy Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Tim Vlandas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThis article explores empirically how different types of labor market inequality affect policy preferences in post-industrial societies. I argue that the two main conceptualizations of labor market vulnerability identified in the insider–outsider literature are complementary: labor market risks are shaped by both labor market status—whether an individual is unemployed, in a temporary or permanent contract—and occupational unemployment—whether an individual is in an occupation with high or low unemployment. As a result, both status and occupation are important determinants of individual labor market policy preferences. In this paper, I first briefly conceptualize the link between labor market divides, risks and policy preferences, and then use cross-national survey data to investigate the determinants of preferences.

scholarly journals Labor Market Insiders or Outsiders? A Cross-National Examination of Redistributive Preferences of the Working Poor

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Levanon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
National Data ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
National Examination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross National

Prior research on attitudes toward redistribution documents an association between one’s policy preferences and socioeconomic position, as well as an impact of welfare policy on the mean level of support for redistribution. Building on both traditions, the current paper aims to expand our understanding of the sources of public support for welfare policies by examining the role that social policy plays in shaping the policy preferences of the working poor. Building on the distinction between labor market insiders and outsiders, this paper examines whether preferences by the working poor more closely resemble those of non-poor workers or those of non-working poor individuals. Results from this study show that the degree of support for redistribution among the working poor is notably closer to the average degree reported by non-working poor individuals than the mean level reported by non-poor workers. Moreover, utilizing cross-national data from 31 countries in 13 different time-points between 1985 and 2010, the paper documents a much smaller preference gap between non-poor workers and the working poor and a higher overall level of support for redistribution in countries providing a greater degree of employment protection.

An Asset Theory of Social Policy Preferences

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Iversen ◽  
David Soskice
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
National Differences ◽  
General Skills ◽  
Future Loss ◽  
Cross National

We present a theory of social policy preferences that emphasizes the composition of people's skills. The key to our argument is that individuals who have made risky investments in skills will demand insurance against the possible future loss of income from those investments. Because the transferability of skills is inversely related to their specificity, workers with specific skills face a potentially long spell of unemployment or a significant decline in income in the event of job loss. Workers deriving most of their income from specific skills therefore have strong incentives to support social policies that protect them against such uncertainty. This is not the case for general skills workers, for whom the costs of social protection weigh more prominently. We test the theory on public opinion data for eleven advanced democracies and suggest how differences in educational systems can help explain cross-national differences in the level of social protection.

scholarly journals Influence of Fiscal Policies and Labor Market Characteristics on Sustainable Social Insurance Budgets—Empirical Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6197
Author(s):  
Adriana Florina Popa ◽  
Stefania Amalia Jimon ◽  
Delia David ◽  
Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Social Protection Systems

Social protection systems are a key factor for ensuring the long-term sustainability and stability of economies in the European Union, their reform being nowadays present in the political agenda of member states. Aging and the dependence on mandatory levies applied to the employed population on the labor market represent a threat for the sustainability of public social protection systems. In terms of sustainability, our purpose was to highlight the factors influencing social insurance budgets, considering the fiscal policies implemented in six countries of Central and Eastern Europe and their particular labor market characteristics. Therefore, a panel study based on a regression model using the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) with cross section random effects was used to determine the correlations between funding sources and labor market specific indicators. The data analyzed led to relevant results that emphasize the dependence of social insurance budgets on positive factors such as the average level of salaries, the share of compulsory social contributions, the unemployment rate, and the human development index, suggesting the continuing need for professional and personal development of the workforce.

scholarly journals What Employers Want from Interns: Demand-Side Trends in the Internship Market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Shandra
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
College Career ◽  
Skill Requirements

Internships have become a ubiquitous component of the college-career transition, yet empirical evidence of the internship market is limited. This study uses data from 1.3 million internship postings collected between 2007-2016 in the United States to (1) identify trends in internship education, experience, and skill requirements over the Great Recession and recovery periods; (2) evaluate how these trends correspond to those observed in the traditional labor market; and (3) assess robustness across labor market sectors. Results indicate that internship education and skill requirements increased substantially throughout the recession and recovery periods, indicative of a longer-term structural shift in employer expectations about internship hiring. Additionally, growth in internship education and skill requirements largely outpaced growth in non-internship education and skill requirements over the same period, suggesting potential substitution of non-interns with interns. Post-recession employers still consider internships to be entry-level positions—yet now expect interns to have skills in hand.

scholarly journals Insurance and opportunities: A welfare analysis of labor market risk

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Heathcote ◽  
Kjetil Storesletten ◽  
Giovanni L. Violante
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Market Risk

New developments in trade theory and LDCs

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoséAntonio Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Trade Theory ◽  
New Developments

A BALANCED LABOR MARKET AS A PREVENTIVE TOOL FOR RESTRICTING EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Rushchyshyn ◽  
◽  
Olha Mulska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Key Indicators

The article describes the labor market as an element of the economic system that determines the direction and pace of macroeconomic development, affects the welfare of the population and social protection. The dynamics of reduction of labor force for 2010-2020 due to the increase in the level of external labor and educational migration is given. It is substantiated that the creation of high-paying jobs and the reform of the wage system are effective tools for regulating external migration, which reduces aggregate supply, unemployment and the load on vacant demand. It is outlined that the development of the market of the newest forms of employment and freelance by stimulating the population to create small and medium enterprises, providing organizational, economic and regulatory prerequisites for the development of youth business, can be considered an effective tool to curb migration. The tools of improving the state employment policy are given, namely the tools of balancing the labor market of Ukraine in the projection of the state policy of migration management. The reasons for the growth of unemployment among graduates of educational institutions, youth and skilled people, which encourage potential migration in a period of socio-economic instability and political turmoil. Means of ensuring the preservation of intellectual and human resources of Ukraine and avoiding a shortage of workers in the labor market, which encourage the development of appropriate information and analytical support for analyzing the needs of the labor market (regional, local, sectoral, professional) in the projection of labor supply. The basic vectors of development of the modern labor market which efficiency depends on realization of effective tools, and also structural transformations in the labor markets are resulted. The role of the state in ensuring positive changes and the formation of new transformational approaches in the field of social and labor relations is outlined. The main criteria and priorities for the formation of employment policy in Ukraine are highlighted and the transformation of new types of employment is emphasized. The key indicators of the new type of labor relations are given.

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