scholarly journals Household education gaps and gender role attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marco Giani ◽  
David Hope ◽  
Øyvind Søraas Skorge
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Education Gaps ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Education Gap

Abstract Individuals' attitudes about gender roles have been shown to be associated with a wide range of political outcomes. It is therefore crucial to better understand what shapes these attitudes. This note takes advantage of a randomized survey experiment embedded in the 2018 wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) to investigate how differences in education levels between partners influence the “gender childcare bias”—the extent to which individuals disapprove more of women working full time with children under three than men. Although male and female respondents exhibit an equally strong gender childcare bias on average, we find clear-cut evidence that the bias varies asymmetrically across the household education gap for women and men. In particular, positive household education gaps lead to a smaller gender childcare bias for female respondents, whereas the opposite holds for male respondents. Our findings are more in line with a resource-bargaining approach than a gender identity approach to the formation of gender role attitudes.

scholarly journals Changing roles of religiosity and patriarchy in women's employment in different religions in Europe between 2004 and 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Guveli ◽  
Niels Spierings
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Traditionalism

Objective: This paper seeks to understand the changing roles of religiosity and gender attitudes in the employment of women in Europe between 2004 and 2016. Background: Religiosity and gender traditionalism are both considered to decrease the likelihood of women’s employment. This study argues that this relationship needs to be decoupled, as religiosity and gender traditionalism have different underlying mechanisms. Method: We analysed rounds 2 (2004), 4 (2008), 8 (2010), and 10 (2016) of the European Social Survey (ESS), which include, among other data, information on employment, religious affiliation, religiosity, and gender role attitudes in 16 countries (N=39,233). Results: We show that taking religiosity into account further increases the already increased likelihood of employment for Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish women compared to women with no religion. We also find, however, that religiosity decreases the employment gap between Muslim and Orthodox women on the one hand and secular women on the other. Including gender role attitudes in the model only marginally explains the employment gap. Conclusion: Our findings support the idea that the mechanisms that underlie the relationships religiosity and traditional gender role attitudes have with women's employment differ. Over time, the likelihood of employment increases for women of all religions, except for Muslim women, among whom it drops.

scholarly journals Shukla Marital Coping Scale (SMCS): Development of a Measure to Assess Unmarried Adolescent’s Perception about Level of Adjustment after Marriage

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Anshu Shukla ◽  
Dr. Sangita Deodiya ◽  
Dr T.B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Role

Social scientists have long been fascinated by attitudes and beliefs surrounding family relationships and gender roles. They believe that attitude towards family formation influence a wide range of behaviours including work, education and family life (Morgan and Waite, 1997; Thorton, Alwin and Cambum, 2001; Parsons, 1999). Furthermore, attitudes and values about family formation have been changing rapidly especially during young adulthood, the point at which gender role attitudes, educational aspirations and choices among role alternatives are most likely to conflict. Gender role attitudes are those attitudes which are directly related to men’s and women’s role within marriage. Earlier post-marital residence with spouse and in-laws was mandatory as there was a trend of joint or extended family. But the 20th century has witnessed remarkable changes in family structures and dynamics: smaller household sizes, a further shift from extended to nuclear families, a decrease in mutuality, and the appearance of new forms of unions such living-apart-together, changing gender and inter-generational relations etc.

scholarly journals Maternal employment and gender role attitudes: dissonance among British men and women in the transition to parenthood

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Schober ◽  
Jacqueline Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economic Constraints

This study examines how changes in gender role attitudes of couples after childbirth relate to women’s paid work and the type of childcare used. Identifying attitude-practice dissonances matters because how they get resolved influences mothers’ future employment. Previous research examined changes in women’s attitudes and employment, or spouses’ adaptations to each others’ attitudes. This is extended by considering how women and men in couples simultaneously adapt to parenthood in terms of attitude and behavioural changes and by exploring indirect effects of economic constraints. Structural equation models and regression analysis based on the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2007) are applied. The results suggest that less traditional attitudes among women and men are more likely in couples where women’s postnatal labour market participation and the use of formal childcare contradict their traditional prenatal attitudes. Women’s prenatal earnings have an indirect effect on attitude change of both partners through incentives for maternal employment.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Ranking and Linking as a Function of Sex and Gender Role Attitudes

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Sidanius ◽  
B. J. Cling ◽  
Felicia Pratto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Are Men Who Pay for Sex Sexist? Masculinity and Client Attitudes Toward Gender Role Equality in Different Prostitution Markets

2020 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2090156
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Brents ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Andrew L. Spivak ◽  
Olesya Venger ◽  
Christina Parreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Male Client ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Services

Prostitution clients’ attitudes toward gender equality are important indicators of how masculinity relates to the demand for commercial sexual services. Research on male client misogyny has been inconclusive, and few studies compare men in different markets. Using an online survey of 519 clients of sexual services, we examine whether male client attitudes toward gender role equality are related to the main methods customers used to access prostitution services (i.e., through print or online media vs. in-person contact). We found no differences among men in these markets in attitudes toward gender role equality in the workplace and home. This is in a context where all clients had more egalitarian attitudes toward women’s roles than the U.S. male population in the General Social Survey (GSS). However, clients in in-person markets were less supportive of affirmative action than in online markets in a context where all clients were less supportive compared to the national average. These findings point to need to rethink how masculinity and gender role attitudes affect patterns of male demand for paid sex.

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