scholarly journals A Revised Radiocarbon Chronology of the Aceramic Shell Midden of Ra’s Al-Hamra 6 (Muscat, Sultanate of Oman): Implication For Occupational Sequence, Marine Reservoir Age, and Human Mobility

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Zazzo ◽  
Olivia Munoz ◽  
Emilie Badel ◽  
Irène Béguier ◽  
Francesco Genchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Reservoir Age ◽  
Bone Apatite

AbstractRa’s al-Hamra 6 (RH-6) is one of the earliest stratified archaeological sites along the eastern littoral of the Arabian Peninsula. This shell midden was radiocarbon dated to the 6th–5th millennium cal BC, but the majority of the dates were obtained before the advent of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating and suffer from large uncertainties. In addition, most of these dates were obtained on marine and mangrove shells and required correction for local variations from the global average marine 14C reservoir age (MRA). This proved difficult because no consensus value exists for this period in the area. Recent excavations at RH-6 offered the opportunity to redate this important site in order to precisely determine its occupation history and later use as a graveyard, and establish the marine reservoir effect for this time period. Thirty-eight samples of charcoal, shells, and human bone apatite were selected for 14C dating. Bayesian modeling of the 14C dates suggests that the formation of the shell midden spanned ~1 millennium, between the mid-6th and the mid-5th millennium cal BC. Positive and consistent ΔR values were calculated throughout the entire sequence, ranging from 99±27 to 207±43 14C yr. At the beginning of the 4th millennium cal BC, RH-6 was used as a graveyard, as suggested by the 14C dating of a shell in strict association with an individual buried at the surface of the site. 14C dating of human bone apatite allowed us to calculate that 89% of this individual’s diet derived from marine resources. This finding confirms previous observations showing the overwhelming presence of marine and mangrove-dwelling species in the faunal and charcoal assemblage, and implies a low mobility, or mobility restricted to the coast for this population during the 4th millennium cal BC.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Chronology of the Shigir and Gorbunovo Archaeological Bog Sites, Middle Urals, Russia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Sönke Hartz ◽  
Thomas Terberger ◽  
Svetlana N Savchenko ◽  
Mikhail G Zhilin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
Ams Dates

Two well-known archaeological sites, the peat bogs of Shigir and Gorbunovo (Middle Urals, Russia), have been radiocarbon dated (61 conventional and accelerator mass spectrometry [AMS] dates from various natural and artifact samples). For the first time, a detailed chronology of Early to Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic occupation for this region has been obtained, and a paleoenvironmental history reconstructed. Based on these results, we propose that the Mesolithic settlement of the Middle Urals region started in the early Holocene, at the same time as in central and eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Radiocaron Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands

Radiocarbon ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Ono ◽  
Hiroyuki Sato ◽  
Takashi Tsutsumi ◽  
Yuichiro Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
New World ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Japanese Islands ◽  
Late Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Early Upper

We discuss the radiocarbon chronology of Late Pleistocene archaeology in the Japanese islands. In sum, 429 samples from more than 100 archaeological sites were compiled and then divided into three periods and four stages. The Early Upper Paleolithic, characterized by Trapezoid industries, lasted during approximately 34-26 ka. The Late Upper Paleolithic period includes both the backed-blade stage and point-tool stage, the latter appearing chronologically later than the former. This stage covers ~25–15 ka. The Final Upper Paleolithic and Incipient Jomon are distinguished by the appearance of microblade industries and the emergence of pottery at the end of this period. This period covers approximately 14-12 ka. The microblade tradition, in the broadest sense, is strongly connected to the background of peopling of the New World. New data on the transitional stage from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic are also discussed in regards to three archaeological sites. Issues on the application of the 14C calibration to the whole Japanese Upper Paleolithic are critically evaluated.

X-ray diffraction analysis of the effect of fluoride on human bone apatite

1963 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Posner ◽  
E.D. Eanes ◽  
R.A. Harper ◽  
I. Zipkin
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Apatite

scholarly journals Pre-oil Globalization in a Rural Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irini Biezeveld ◽  
Bleda S. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Archaeological Project

This article aims to study whether the increase of agricultural settlements in the Sultanate of Oman during the Late Islamic period (c. 1500-1950) was related to pre-oil globalization, as attested in the wider Gulf region. This is done by analysing the archaeological dataset of the agricultural village of Sahlat, with a focus on the ceramic material, located in the Suhar region. The assemblages collected by the Wadi al-Jizzi Archaeological Project, point to its occupation from c. 1750 to 1930. During this time period, the coastal towns of southeastern Arabia were heavily influenced by globalization processes, but the effects and reach of trade on rural communities remains poorly known. In this paper, Sahlat is compared to two contemporary sites connected to the same falaj system, and two other sites in the Gulf region. The results indicate that pre-oil globalization did not only impact coastal towns, but that rural settlements such as Sahlat experienced similar transformations. It is suggested that pre-oil globalization was not only linked to the pearling trade, but that the export of dates should also be taken into consideration when studying this topic.

scholarly journals Spatial Relationships, Dating and Taphonomy of the Human Bone from the Mesolithic site of Cnoc Coig, Oronsay, Argyll, Scotland

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Meiklejohn ◽  
Deborah C. Merrett ◽  
Richard W. Nolan ◽  
Michael P. Richards ◽  
Paul A. Mellars
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Bone Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Foot Bones

This paper examines the spatial distribution of the human bone sample excavated from the Mesolithic shell midden site of Cnoc Coig on Oronsay in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Although no burials were recovered the information from the apparently isolated bone finds has been significant. Two types of bone group are distinguished, one that resembles the widely reported ‘loose bone’ phenomenon that is widely recognised from European Mesolithic sites. The other, represented by two bone groups at Cnoc Coig, is, at this time, restricted to western Scotland. It is dominated by hand and foot bones and appears to represent purposive behaviour. We concentrate our discussion on the latter phenomenon and place it within discussion of the nature of the later Mesolithic in western Scotland.

scholarly journals Scalable and privacy-respectful interactive discovery of place semantics from human mobility traces

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrienko ◽  
Gennady Andrienko ◽  
Georg Fuchs ◽  
Piotr Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Home Work ◽  
Long Time

Mobility diaries of a large number of people are needed for assessing transportation infrastructure and spatial development planning. Acquisition of personal mobility diaries through population surveys is a costly and error-prone endeavour. We examine an alternative approach to obtaining similar information from episodic digital traces of people’s presence in various locations, which appear when people use their mobile devices for making phone calls, accessing the Internet or posting georeferenced contents (texts, photos or videos) in social media. Having episodic traces of a person over a long time period, it is possible to detect significant (repeatedly visited) personal places and identify them as home, work or place of social activities based on temporal patterns of a person’s presence in these places. Such analysis, however, can lead to compromising personal privacy. We have investigated the feasibility of deriving place meanings and reconstructing personal mobility diaries while preserving the privacy of individuals whose data are analysed. We have devised a visual analytics approach and a set of supporting tools making such privacy-preserving analysis possible. The approach was tested in two case studies with publicly available data: simulated tracks from the VAST Challenge 2014 and real traces built from georeferenced Twitter posts.

Re-examining the chemical evaluation of diagenesis in human bone apatite

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2222-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte L. King ◽  
Nancy Tayles ◽  
Keith C. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Human Bone ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Bone Apatite

Potential Freshwater Reservoir Effects in a Neolithic Shell Midden at Riņņkalns, Latvia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 823-832
Author(s):  
John Meadows ◽  
Harald Lübke ◽  
Ilga Zagorska ◽  
Valdis Berziņš ◽  
Aija Ceriņa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Age

Riņņukalns is the only known prehistoric shell midden in the eastern Baltic, and is one of the few middens in northern Europe consisting mainly of freshwater mussel shells. Situated on the Salaca River at the outlet of Lake Burtnieks, in northeastern Latvia, the site was originally excavated in the 1870s, and reinvestigated several times over the following decades. A new excavation in 2011 showed that part of the midden remained intact. The new exposure, dated to the later 4th millennium cal BC, yielded rich fishbone and mollusk shell assemblages, herbivore, human and bird bones, and a wide range of artifacts typical of a subsistence economy based on fishing, hunting, and gathering. Human remains from burials excavated in the 1870s were also located in archives. The co-occurrence at Riņņukalns of human remains with a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic food remains provides an ideal setting to study freshwater reservoir effects and other isotopic signals of diet and mobility. The extent of14C depletion in local freshwater resources is an essential parameter for such studies; on the basis of14C ages of modern and paleoenvironmental samples, we estimate that the applicable reservoir age in Lake Burtnieks is in the order of 800–90014C yr.

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