scholarly journals Notes from the Editors

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. iii-ix

We have readily assumed that, within Muslim countries, fundamentalists will most oppose American influence and policies, but Lisa Blaydes and Drew A. Linzer find a striking and perhaps surprising regularity: Anti-Americanism is most pronounced in the least observant Islamic countries. Moreover, opposition to the United States does not seem to be related to any particular American policies or to American culture generally. Anti-Americanism arises instead, they argue in “Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World,” from elite strategy, in which fundamentalist political factions fan anti-American sentiments to compete with more secular groups. That competition is most intense, and hence the anti-American strategy most frequently employed, in Islamic countries in which divisions between secular and religious forces are most pronounced. Employing a mix of statistical and case study methods, Blaydes and Linzer find that, within countries, observant Muslims are likelier to express anti-American sentiments; between countries, competition between secular and religious forces, and not fundamentalism, inspires anti-U.S. sentiment.

Author(s):  
Priscilla Wegars

By evaluating unacceptable terminology, as well as by exposing several negative Chinese stereotypes, this essay seeks to prevent the perpetuation of legends, myths, rumors, and stereotypes about the Chinese in the United States, and to provide readers with a deeper, more empathetic, understanding of Chinese American culture. Some of the derogatory terms discussed include “Chinaman,” “coolie,” and “joss house.” Anti-Chinese stereotypes in common use today include “Chinese ovens” for Italian bread-baking ovens and “Chinese tunnels” for sidewalk vaults. A lengthy case study of the latter term examines related architectural evidence, documentary research, oral histories, and archaeological investigations to confirm that “Chinese tunnels” are a myth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M. McGahan

I was the President of the Academy of Management (AOM) in 2016-2017 when U.S. President Donald Trump issued an Executive Order banning immigration and travel to the United States by citizens of seven predominantly Muslim countries (EO13769). While I immediately sought to condemn EO13769 as immoral and as a threat to the AOM, I was only able to issue a condemnation in my own name and not in the name of the AOM because the Board’s Executive Committee correctly determined that a condemnation would have violated the AOM Constitution. This put me in the untenable position of leading an organization operating under principles that conflicted with my personal beliefs about an immoral act of government. The article is a case study on this situation. In it, I explain how EO13769 and other attacks on science threaten the purpose and functioning of the AOM. The case explores a relatively understudied aspect of leadership: the identity of an organization as distinct from the identity of its leader. It also underscores the importance of strengthening democratic institutions of science. I argue that the issuance of statements of condemnation—while important—does not exhaust our responsibilities in society as scholars for investigating, reporting, defending, and protecting the truth about what is going on in the world around us. I conclude by calling us to redouble our commitment to a defining purpose of the AOM, which is to support the scholarship necessary to overcome polarizing politicization of complex social issues.


2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA BLAYDES ◽  
DREW A. LINZER

The battle for public opinion in the Islamic world is an ongoing priority for U.S. diplomacy. The current debate over why many Muslims hold anti-American views revolves around whether they dislike fundamental aspects of American culture and government, or what Americans do in international affairs. We argue, instead, that Muslim anti-Americanism is predominantly a domestic, elite-led phenomenon that intensifies when there is greater competition between Islamist and secular-nationalist political factions within a country. Although more observant Muslims tend to be more anti-American, paradoxically the most anti-American countries are those in which Muslim populations are less religious overall, and thus more divided on the religious–secular issue dimension. We provide case study evidence consistent with this explanation, as well as a multilevel statistical analysis of public opinion data from nearly 13,000 Muslim respondents in 21 countries.


Author(s):  
Meilisa Setyani

<p>China is a country that is famous for its rapid economic growth which was influenced by the purchase of solid waste from neighboring countries. The act of purchasing solid waste from neighboring countries was conducted in order to support industrial and manufacturing activities in the country. However, over the years the purchase of solid waste has caused many losses to Chinese countries. China then enforces the Operation Green Fence (OGF) and Operation National Sword (ONS) policies. In that case, this study was done to answer any factor that caused China to enforce both policies, as well as the economic impact that resulted from the policy. The study uses qualitative approaches, case study methods, and literature study techniques to analyze the data obtained. The results of this research shows that environmental factors are the main factors that bring out other factors such as health, as well as domestic and foreign pressures. The impacts resulted from both policies also affects the economy not only between China and the United States of America, but also internationally. The number of demand and supply of solid waste around the world, particulatly in China and United States is affected, as the policy imposed is a policy to restrict the import of solid waste done by China.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK:</strong> Cina adalah negara yang terkenal dengan pertumbuhan ekonominya yang pesat, yang dipengaruhi oleh pembelian limbah padat dari negara tetangga. Tindakan pembelian limbah padat dari negara tetangga dilakukan dalam rangka mendukung kegiatan industri dan manufaktur di negeri ini. Namun, selama bertahun-tahun pembelian limbah padat telah menyebabkan banyak kerugian bagi negara-negara Cina. Cina kemudian memberlakukan kebijakan<em> Operation Green Fence </em>(OGF) dan <em>Operation National Sword</em> (ONS). Dalam hal ini, penulisan artikel ini dilakukan untuk menjawab faktor apa yang menyebabkan Cina memberlakukan kedua kebijakan tersebut, serta dampak ekonomi yang dihasilkan dari kebijakan ini. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode studi kasus, dan teknik studi literature untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan adalah faktor utama yang membawa keliar faktor lain seperti kesehatan, serta adanya tekanan dari dalam maupun dari luar negeri. Dampak yang dihasilkan dari kedua kebijakan ini mempengaruhi perekonomian yang tidak hanya di antara Cina ataupun Amerika Serikat, tetapi juga internasional. Jumlah permintaan dan penawaran atas limbah padat di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Cina dan Amerika Serikat terpengaruh, mengingat kebijakan yang diberlakukan adalah kebijakan untuk membatasi impor limbah padat yang dilakukan oleh Cina.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Kuma Jaya

This paper aims to find out how the communication dynamics by the Venezuelan government when dealing with humanitarian assistance provided by the international community, especially the United States. Venezuela is colaps, the international community including the United States wants to provide assistance to them, but the president of Venezuela, Maduro, refuses the aid. This research method uses interpretative case study methods. According to Casel and Simon, qualitative methods are social science research methods that attempt to accurately describe and interpret the meaning of symptoms that occur in a social context The United States had to continue and improve diplomatic leadership and assistance in response to the Venezuelan.


2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Scheibelhofer

This paper focuses on gendered mobilities of highly skilled researchers working abroad. It is based on an empirical qualitative study that explored the mobility aspirations of Austrian scientists who were working in the United States at the time they were interviewed. Supported by a case study, the paper demonstrates how a qualitative research strategy including graphic drawings sketched by the interviewed persons can help us gain a better understanding of the gendered importance of social relations for the future mobility aspirations of scientists working abroad.


2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.


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