Cultural Mission to Spanish Archives

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Archives

scholarly journals WARTIME AND POST-WAR RAPE IN FRANCO'S SPAIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
ÁNGEL ALCALDE
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
War Rape ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War ◽  
Spanish Archives

Abstract By examining the experience of rape in Spain in the 1930s and 1940s, this article explains how the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship dramatically increased the likelihood of women becoming victims of sexual assault. Contrary to what historians often assume, this phenomenon was not the result of rape being deliberately used as a ‘weapon of war’ or as a blunt method of political repression against women. The upsurge in sexual violence was a by-product of structural transformations in the wartime and dictatorial contexts, and it was the direct consequence, rather than the instrument, of the violent imposition of a fascist-inspired regime. Using archival evidence from numerous Spanish archives, the article historicizes rape in a wider cultural, legal, and social context and reveals the essential albeit ambiguous political nature of both wartime and post-war rape. The experience of rape was mostly shaped not by repression but structural factors such as ruralization and social hierarchization, demographic upheavals, exacerbation of violent masculinity models, the proliferation of weapons, and the influence of fascist and national-Catholic ideologies. Rape became an expression of the nature of power and social and gender relations in Franco's regime.

Mexican Inquisition Materials in Spanish Archives

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Greenleaf
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Critical Group ◽  
Spanish Archives

Although ninety per cent of the documentation of the Mexican Holy Office of the Inquisition is to be found in the Archivo General de la Nación in Mexico City, a critical group of manuscripts must be consulted in Spain if the researcher is to study the Mexican institution effectively. These records are contained in the archive of the Consejo de la Suprema y General Inquisición and in the plethora of royal documents emanating from and arriving in the Council of the Indies. Unfortunately the manuscripts are scattered among the three great archives in the Iberian peninsula: Archivo de Simancas at Valladolid, Archivo Histórico Nacional in Madrid, and Archivo General de Indias in Sevilla. The Simancas and Sevilla documents on the Mexican Inquisition are relatively sparse; but the AHN houses the extant archive of the Suprema and is a required visit for any investigator in Mexican Inquisition materials from 1571 to 1820.

scholarly journals Winter temperatures in the second half of the sixteenth century in the central area of the Iberian Peninsula

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bullón
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Spanish Archives ◽  
Ordinal Index

Abstract. This paper studies the winter temperatures of the second part of the sixteenth century in the central area of the Iberian Peninsula. A large number of historical documents that are stored in many different Spanish archives were consulted in order to carry out this research. The data was first arranged and weighted according to the intensity and significance of the meteorological phenomena described and, subsequently, these values were assigned an ordinal index ranging from +4 to −4. The statistical treatment applied is based on the reconstruction of temperatures equivalent to this ordinal index, expressed as anomalies of the 1961–1990 period, belonging to a reference station located at the approximate geographical center of the area under study. The results show winter thermal conditions different from current ones that, for the most part, stay below the reference average and that occurred with a wide range of variability. The influence that thermal conditions had on the evolution of some environmental aspects are considered based on the forest exploitation problem information and on the wine harvest production.

New Light on the Career of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán

1963 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Chipman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Early History ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Archives ◽  
Hernan Cortes

It is a notable fact that Nuño Beltrán de Guzman, whom many regard as second only in importance to Hernán Cortés in the early history of New Spain, should have escaped for so long the detailed attention of historians. Because of this neglect several false notions have gained currency. For instance, it has been customarily assumed that a Nuño de Guzmán, encomendero of Puerto Plata, Española, was the man who became governor of Panuco, president of the First Audiencia of New Spain, and governor of New Galicia; and wide acceptance has been given to the belief that the man who held these important positions in New Spain died a lonely, despised man in the royal prison of Torrejón de Velasco. Recent investigations by the author in the Spanish archives of Sevilla, Madrid, Guadalajara, and Simancas strongly suggest that the Nuño de Guzmán of Puerto Plata was not the same as the more famous Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán of Guadalajara, Spain, who held three important positions in sixteenth-century New Spain. This research has also lent new insights into the life of Nuño de Guzmán of Guadalajara before and after his career in the Indies.

scholarly journals A long way to Russia: Agustín de Betancourt

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
O. Volosyuk ◽  
Concepción Camarero Bullón
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Spanish Archives

A lot has been written about Agustín de Betancourt, his life in Russia, his contribution to the architecture, construction and organization of the transport system in the Russian Empire, as well as his life, his training and his professional career in Spain. However, little is known about when, how and why he makes the decision to leave his country permanently and settle in Russia. According to the documentation found in both Russian and Spanish archives, it has been shown that it is the Russian ambassador to Spain, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol, who, shortly after his arrival in Spain, at the end of 1803, after personally meeting Betancourt, proposes its contract to Saint Petersburg. Once the approval is obtained, the proposal is transferred. Also, the discrepancies between Manuel Godoy and Betancourt are studied in detail for the work of channeling the Genil river and the intervention in Soto de Roma, Royal Site owned by the minister, which marked the deterioration of the relations between both and took the engineer to consider, negotiate and accept the offer to settle in Russia. Both facts are studied within the framework of his professional career in Spain.

scholarly journals System prawny archiwów hiszpańskich

Archeion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 215-237
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jaśkowska-Józefiak
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Spanish Law ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Spanish Archives ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Spanish Legislation ◽  
Central Archive

The legal system of the Spanish archives This article presents the legal system of the Spanish archives. Due to the specific nature of Spanish legislation, the article begins with a short introduction characterizing the sources of the Spanish law which regulate the activity of archive facilities. Since certain legal acts introduced back in the 19th century have an impact on statutes and decrees today, the main part of the text is preceded by a short historical analysis discussing legal acts devoted to archiving. The next part of the article analyses applicable nationwide legislation, starting from the Constitution of 1978, which identifies 17 autonomous regions and divides the competences to manage archives between central and regional authorities. Due to the decentralization of the Spanish archive network, the central archive network managed by the state administration and autonomous networks were characterized separately. The text is based on the available source literature and legal acts passed by the central government and autonomous authorities in Spain.

The Manila Galleon, Macao and international maritime and commercial relations, 1500–1700

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Amândio Jorge Morais Barros
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Informal Trade ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spanish Archives ◽  
Political Decision Making

Formal and informal trade were key elements in the establishment of global connections. Using data collected from Portuguese and Spanish archives, as well as the secondary literature, this article examines the early modern Southeast Asian Iberian communities of Macao and Manila, their weakness and resilience. Far from the centres of political decision-making they relied on their own resources and abilities to manage maritime connections with China, Japan and Spanish America through the voyages of the ‘Macao Ship’ and the ‘Manila Galleon’. The rarely mentioned intervention of the Macanese traders in the Manila Galleon route constitutes a central part of this research.

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