A comparison of the nursing and suckling behaviour of group- and individually-housed sows and their litters

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bryant ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
H. A. M. Van der Steen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTNursing frequency, suckling duration and teat order were recorded in 12 ‘hybrid’ sows and their litters from parturition to weaning at day 42 post partum. Sows and their litters were moved from the farrowing quarters at day 20; half were housed as a group (G) and fed ad libitum with a boar present and the other half were housed individually (S) with no boar present and ration-fed to scale.Some differences occurred in behaviour from day 20. A significantly greater number of false nursing periods, significant synchronization of nursing periods, and a tendency for more long and short nursing intervals occurred in G than S sows and litters. The duration of the preliminary nosing phase and the total nursing period were significantly longer in S than G litters. Teat order scores, indicating consistency of piglet suckling position on the sow, tended to be greater in S than G litters, and there was a fall in the score for G litters in the weeks following grouping. This was associated with a check in live-weight gain.All G sows showed oestrus during lactation, on average 15 days after grouping. There was no incidence of lactational oestrus in the S sows which showed oestrus 5 days after weaning.

The effect in an intensive production system of type of cereal and time of weaning on the performance of lambs

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
J. C. Gill ◽  
Elizabeth L. Corse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Entire Male

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to study the effect of type of cereal and time of weaning on the performance and voluntary intake of lambs.In the first experiment 20 early-weaned entire male lambs were given diets ad libitum during the fattening period from 15 to 40 kg live weight. The diets were based on either kibbled maize or rolled barley. A high feed efficiency and growth rate were achieved with both diets and differences between them were not statistically significant. The growth rates were 428 and 430 g/day. The cold carcass weights at 40 kg live weight were 19·0 and 19·9 kg and the conversion ratios of dry matter to live-weight gain were 2·33 and 2·22 for the rolled barley and kibbled maize diets respectively.In the second experiment a comparison was made of the performance of 36 sets of twin lambs, one of each set being weaned at either 6, 13 or 20 weeks of age and the other being left to suck the ewe outdoors. The lambs weaned at 6 weeks had better conversions of dry matter to live-weight gain than lambs weaned at 13 and 20 weeks. The respective conversions of dry matter to live-weight gain were 3·36, 5·64 and 5·52. The lambs weaned at either 13 or 20 weeks had a greater weight at weaning, a greater growth check at weaning and a lower rate of feed intake.

scholarly journals Entansif Besideki Kuzuların Bazı Besi Performansına Kırkımın Etkisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Ali Karabacak ◽  
Yasin Altay
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Awassi Lambs

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shearing on fattening performance characteristics of Akkaraman and Awassi lambs that were fattened intensively. 10 Akkaraman and 8 Awassi male lambs were used in the study. During the fattening period, the animals were given 150 g of dried alfalfa and concentrated feed ad-libitum. In the study, Akkaraman and Awassi lambs were divided into two experimental groups as shearing and non-shearing. The total weight gains, daily live weight gains, feed consumptions and feed conservation coefficients of lambs before and after shearing were 8.017 kg, 286 g, 47.14 kg and 5.945 and 8.606 kg, 307 g, 42.21 kg and 5.029, respectively. On the other hand, total live weight gain of lambs without shearing was 7.802 kg, daily live weight gain was 279 g, feed consumption was 42.06 kg and feed conservation coefficient were 6.00. As a result of the study, the differences between some fattening performance means of shearing and non-shearing groups were statistically insignificant.

Comparison of the productivity of Texel and Rouge de l’Ouest ewes and their crosses

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. Dawson ◽  
A. F. Carson ◽  
L. O. W. McClinton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Average Figure

AbstractAn experiment was undertaken to compare the productivity of crossbred ewes, produced by crossing Texel sires with Rouge de l’Ouest (Rouge) dams and Rouge sires with Texel dams, relative to purebred Texel and Rouge ewes. The purebred and crossbred ewes were crossed with Rouge and Texel sires. The proportion of productive ewes was similar in the purebred and crossbred ewes with an average figure of 0·92. Irrespective of crossing sire, Rouge ewes produced 0·48 more lambs per ewe lambed than Texel ewes (P < 0·001). The two crossbred ewe types (Texel ✕ Rouge and Rouge ✕ Texel) each produced similar numbers of lambs (on average 1·92 lambs per ewe lambed). Individual heterosis values for ewe fertility and prolificacy were small and not significant (–1·67 for the proportion of productive ewes and –3·14 for the number of lambs born per ewe lambed). Maternal heterosis values were also not significant but were of larger magnitude (6·26 for ewe fertility and 3·12 for prolificacy). Lamb mortality (number of lambs born dead per ewe lambed) at birth was similar for purebred Rouge (0·44) and Texel (0·30) ewes and was significantly reduced by crossbred matings and mating the crossbred ewes (individual heterosis –30·68, P < 0·10; maternal heterosis –80·23, P < 0·001). Individual and maternal heterosis values for lamb growth rate from birth to six weeks were 8 (P < 0·05) and 4 (P > 0·05) respectively. Lamb growth rate from birth to weaning was significantly lower in lambs from Texel ewes compared with those from the other genotypes (P < 0·05). Individual and maternal heterosis values for live-weight gain from birth to weaning were 5 (P < 0·10) and 5 (P < 0·01). The results of the current study demonstrate the superior performance of purebred Rouge ewes compared with purebred Texel ewes in terms of prolificacy and lamb growth rate from birth to weaning. However, both breeds had high lamb mortality at birth. Crossbreeding led to the production of hybrid ewes which had relatively high prolificacy with low levels of dystocia and lamb mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of breed on growth performance and carcass composition of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais,Herefordand Simmental bulls

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartoň ◽  
D. Řehák ◽  
V. Teslík ◽  
D. Bureš ◽  
R. Zahrádková
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Breed effects on live weight gain, slaughter characteristics and carcass composition were compared in Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Hereford and Simmental bulls. The experiment extended over 2 years and involved totally 96 animals. The target slaughter live weights were determined 550 kg for earlier maturing breeds Aberdeen Angus and Hereford and 630 kg for later maturing breeds Charolais and Simmental. Charolais and Simmental gained more rapidly (P &lt; 0.05) than Aberdeen Angus while Hereford were intermediate. Hereford had lower (P &lt; 0.05) dressing percentage than the other breeds. Percentages of grade I meat were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in Charolais and Simmental. The highest percentage of separable fat was recorded in Hereford (P &lt; 0.05). Charolais and Simmental had lower (P &lt; 0.05) thickness of subcutaneous fat over MLLT than Aberdeen Angus andHereford. The later maturing bulls generally tended to achieve higher live weight gains during the experiment, produced less fat and had higher percentage of meat from high priced joints in comparison with earlier maturing animals. &nbsp;

Effects of supplementing maize and grass silages with barley, and maize silage with urea or ammonia, on the intake and performance of fattening bulls

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT1. Experiment 1. Six treatment groups of one British Friesian and four South Devon × British Friesian bulls, initially 432 kg mean live weight and aged 491 days, were offered individually maize or grass silage ad libitum plus 0, 5 or 10g barley dry matter per kg live weight daily for 80 days. The silages had similar digestible dry matter and estimated metabolizable energy contents but the grass silage contained more ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acids. Mean values for groups receiving respectively maize and grass silage diets were for dry-matter intake 17·7, 20·3, 20·4 and 13·0, 16·6, 18·7 g/kg live weight and for live-weight gain 1·00, 1·32, 1·46 and 0·65, 0·98, 1·22kg/day. Significantly more maize than grass silage dry matter was eaten when the silages were given alone and dry-matter intakes, live-weight and carcass gains were greater for maize silage diets. Dry-matter intake, live-weight and carcass gains, efficiency of feed use and carcass quality significantly improved when barley was given.2. Experiment 2. Six groups of five British Friesian bulls, initially 418 kg mean live weight and aged 474 days, were offered individually maize silage ad libitum with either urea or one of two quantities of aqueous ammonia mixed in at the time of feeding, plus 0 or 5 g barley dry matter per kg live weight daily for 90 days. The urea and ammonia-treated silages contained 125, 124 and 148 g crude protein per kg dry matter respectively, with pH values of 3·8, 3·9 and 4·3, and when given alone or with barley mean daily intakes (g dry matter per kg live weight) were 17·1, 18·6 for urea-treated silage diets, and 17·8, 18·8 and 16·9, 19·1 respectively for ammoniatreated silage diets. Live-weight gains were 0·69, 0·94, 0·63, 1·09, 0·64 and 1·07 kg/day. Ammonia treatment had no effect on intake or live-weight gain. Live-weight and carcass gains and carcass quality improved when barley was given.3. The maize silage offered in Experiment 1 contained similar metabolizable energy but more starch than that in Experiment 2 and was used more efficiently for live-weight gain.

A note on the progressive carcass-weight changes of fattening store lambs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYTwo experiments involving the sequential slaughter of intensively fattened store lambs were each carried out over a period of 12 weeks. In the first experiment the lambs were offered a concentrate diet ad libitum. In the second experiment they were offered swede turnips ad libitum with a limited amount of concentrates.In each experiment, similar groups of lambs were slaughtered at equal intervals in order to measure progressive changes in live weight, carcass weight and dry-matter intake. Carcass-weight gain as a proportion of live-weight gain was found to be 74% in the first experiment and 86% in the second experiment.

The effects of dietary energy content and level of feeding on the growth of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
H. Neumark ◽  
S. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYIn an experiment with group-fed cattle from 6 months of age to slaughter at 480 kg live weight two levels of feed intake: 1, ad libitum, 2, 85% of ad libitum amount, were combined with two ratios of concentrate to hay: a, 70: 30; b, 30: 70. In two further treatments, 3a and 3b, the cattle were fed diets a or b at 70% of ad libitum from 6 to 10 months and ad libitum thereafter.Daily gain during the first 124 days of the experiment was (in grams) 1293, 983, 1097, 846, 992 and 756, and from the 125th day to slaughter 735, 600, 796, 579, 830 and 714, for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively. The decline in rate of gain from the first period to the second was inversely related to the level of feed intake and to the percentage of concentrates in the ration in the first period.Daily carcass gain was 582, 393, 532, 350, 531 and 368 g for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively.The treatments that were switched over from 70% of ad libitum feed intake in the first period to 100% in the second (3a and 3b), exhibited considerable compensatory growth in the second period, but this was not sufficient to be of economic advantage.The overall ME requirement per kg of live-weight gain was inversely related to rate of gain. Of the six treatments, 2a (85% of ad libitum, 70% concentrate) was the most efficient (19·8 Mcal/kg live-weight gain).Animals on the 100% level of feed intake throughout the experiment (treatments la, lb) were significantly fatter than those on the other treatments.

Pre-pubertal mammogenesis in the sheep 3. The effects of restricted feeding or daily administration of bovine growth hormone and bromocriptine on mammary growth and morphology

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Johnsson ◽  
I. C. Hart ◽  
A. Turvey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Parenchymal Tissue ◽  
Mammary Fat Pad ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACTIn crossbred female lambs reared on a concentrate diet between 8 and 20 weeks of age, a restriction in food intake to 40 g/kg body weight per day decreased live-weight gain (155 g/day) compared with that in control lambs fed ad libitum (284 g/day) and significantly reduced final live weight and the size of the mammary fat pad (P < 0·001). However, restricted lambs at 20 weeks had more total parenchymal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; 54·7 v. 47·5 mg) occupying a greater mass of mammary fat pad (17·0 v. 13·2 g) than control lambs (P > 0·10). Restricted feeding had little effect on mean plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations at 12 and 18 weeks of age, but decreased plasma insulin and prolactin concentrations.In lambs fed ad libitum, daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 0·1 mg bovine pituitary GH per kg live weight between 8 and 20 weeks of age significantly increased daily live-weight gain (347 g/day; P < 0·001) and also increased total mammary parenchymal DNA (71·2 mg; P < 0·10) and the mass of fat pad occupied by parenchymal tissue (20·6 g; P < 0·05), compared with the control treatment. Daily s.c. injection of bromocriptine (1 mg/day) had no effect on either body or mammary growth, but tended to reduce the effects of bovine GH when given in combination. Secretory activity was observed in the parenchymal tissue of the eight lambs receiving bovine GH alone, and also in five control lambs and three lambs receiving bromocriptine alone. Three lambs that had attained puberty by 20 weeks of age had the poorest mammary development of their respective treatment groups.Mammary gland development at 20 weeks of age was significantly correlated across treatment means with plasma GH concentrations estimated at 18 weeks of age (r = 0·95; P < 0·05), but no correlations of similar magnitude were found between individuals within treatments at 20 weeks. Strongest correlations were found among 8-week-old lambs, where mammary parenchymal DNA was positively correlated with mean plasma GH (r = 0·62) and the GH:insulin ratio (r = 0·79) and negatively correlated with the prolactin:GH ratio (r = -0·65).

Citric acid and fumaric acid as food additives for early-weaned piglets

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Henry ◽  
D. W. Pickard ◽  
P. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTThe effects of diet acidification on the growth performance of piglets were assessed in two experiments. In the first, 167 piglets were weaned at 10 days of age and penned in litter-mate groups (seven groups per treatment) which were allocated to one of three diets, with either citric acid (30 g/kg; C), fumaric acid (15 g/kg; F) or no additional organic acid (N); pigs were fed ad libitum for 25 days. The rate of live-weight gain was significantly higher for treatment C than for treatments F or N (216 (s.e. 10), 170 (s.e. 7) and 189 (s.e. 6) g/day respectively; P < 0·05). The voluntary food intake on treatment C also tended to be higher than on the other two diets (220 (s.e. 24), 182 (s.e. 18) and 189 (s.e. 7) g/day for treatments C, F and N respectively).In experiment 2, 30 crossbred piglets were penned in single-sex groups of three and weaned at 10 days of age. The same diets were used as in experiment 1 but all three diets were available ad libitum to each group of piglets for 25 days. When dietary choice was allowed, piglets consumed significantly greater quantities of the control diet than of the acidified diets (1381, 1422, 2972 (s.e. 132) g/day for diets C, F and N respectively; P < 0·01). When the relative intake of each diet was correlated with live-weight gain, only diet C showed a significant positive correlation (r = +0·74; P < 0·05). Correlations of F and N intakes with live-weight gain were negative. It is concluded that citric acid (30 g/kg) in the diet of early-weaned piglets promotes live-weight gain, although acidification of the diet may decrease palatability.

Intensive beef production. 12. Replacement of concentrates with chopped dried grass

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
R. Massie ◽  
A. MacDearmid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Trial

SUMMARY1. A growth trial was carried out using 24 British Friesian steers given diets containing (1) 100%, (2) 60%, (3) 40% and (4) 0% concentrates and chopped dried grass up to 100%.2. Daily dry-matter intake was significantly lower for steers on Treatment 1 than for steers on the other three treatments.3. Rate of live-weight gain declined from 1·18 to 0·88 kg/day and carcass gain from 625 to 430 g/day between steers on Treatments 1 and 4.4. Killing-out percentage dropped from 55·3% (1) to 51·9% (4) and the 8th-10th rib from steers on Treatments 3 and 4 contained significantly more crude protein and less ether-extractable matter than ribs from steers on Treatments 1 and 2.

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