Beef production from silage 2. The performance of beef cattle given silages of either perennial ryegrass or red clover

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
B. G. Gibbs ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT1. A primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut on 8 to 11 May (early) or on 12 June (late) for comparison with the primary growth of a tetraploid red clover, which was cut either on 1 or 2 June (early) or on 28 June (late). The crops were ensiled, after wilting for about 4h, with the addition of formic acid at 2·21/t fresh crop. The silages were given ad libitum alone or with rolled barley at 11·5 g dry matter per kg live weight to 40 British Friesian steers initially 3 months old and 108 kg live weight.2. On average there was no significant difference in digestibility between perennial ryegrass and red clover. However, the rate of decline in digestibility with time was greater with perennial ryegrass than with red clover.3. Calves given silage of red clover as the sole feed ate more dry matter and grew faster than calves given grass silage (P <0·001) but supplementation with barley reduced the intake of red clover silage to a greater extent than that of perennial ryegrass silage. Barley supplementation increased live-weight gain of calves given perennial ryegrass from 0·32 to 0·83 kg/day and that of calves given red clover from 0·63 to 0·99 kg/day (interaction P <0·05). The results did not indicate a higher net efficiency of utilization of the legume. Date of cut had no significant effect on dry-matter intake but earlier cutting resulted in an increase in live-weight gain from a mean of 0·61 to 0·77 kg/day (P <0·001).4. The results show that high rates of live-weight gain (0·74 kg/day) can be achieved by calves given silage of red clover and that earlier cutting of herbage for silage does not always result in higher intakes of dry matter. Supplementation of silages with barley can reduce markedly the difference in intake and live-weight gain apparent when the silages are given as sole feeds.

Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Miles ◽  
R. J. K. Walters ◽  
E. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

The influence of formaldehyde application at ensiling and of supplementation with urea or maize starch on the utilization by calves of ryegrass and red clover silages

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Kaiser ◽  
D. F. Osbourn ◽  
P. England
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment

ABSTRACTPrimary growths of perennial ryegrass and red clover were ensiled with formic acid (2 1/t fresh crop), o an equal quantity of formic acid together with formaldehyde (46 or 49 g/kg crude protein in the ryegrass or red clover respectively). The four silages were offered ad libitum to 12 groups, each of five British Friesian steer calves, either alone or with urea or maize starch supplements at 18·4 or 185·2 g/kg total dry-matter intake respectively.Digestible organic matter and digestible energy intake, live-weight gain, carcass weight, nitrogen retention and all digestibility measurements were higher on the ryegrass silages than on the red clover silages. However, dry-matter intake was higher on the red clover silages.Formaldehyde treatment reduced lactic and total acid content, and protein degradation in the silages. It also increased intake, live-weight gain and nitrogen retention on ryegrass but not on red clover, the effect being greater when the urea supplement was given. Digestibility measurements were depressed by formaldehyde treatment, although cellulose digestibility was only depressed in the ryegrass silage.Supplementation with starch depressed silage intake and nitrogen and cellulose digestibility, but increased dry matter, organic matter and energy digestibilities, digestible organic matter and digestible energy intakes, live-weight gain and carcass weight. The positive intake, live-weight gain and carcass weight responses were greater on the silages treated with formic acid, while the digestibility and the live-weight gain responses were greater on the red clover silages. Starch supplementation did not improve nitrogen retention.The different animal production responses to formaldehyde treatment on the ryegrass and red clover silages are discussed.

A note on the effect of limestone supplementation on the performance of cattle given barley-based diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-353
Author(s):  
Jean M. Bass ◽  
G. Fishwick ◽  
J. J. Parkins
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soluble Liquid

ABSTRACTGroups of Hereford-cross steers weighing 283 kg were given 0·6 kg dry matter hay per head per day, and bruised barley supplemented with 40 g of a fully soluble liquid product per kg, containing urea, minerals and vitamins, ad libitum. Half the animals received 10 g limestone per kg diet as an additional supplement. Over a 105-day period the food intake of the limestone-supplemented animals was 0·20 higher than that of unsupplemented animals. The resultant daily live-weight gain was 1·22 kg compared with 0·92 kg for the animals receiving the diet containing no additional limestone. Food conversion ratios (kg/kg live-weight gain) were improved by limestone supplementation from 6·84 to 6·19. Limestone inclusion did not appear to influence the low concentrations of starch (ca. 15 g/kg) present in the faecal dry matter but there was a small significant difference in faecal pH.

scholarly journals Xylitol, polyol molasses and glucose in the diet of newborn calves: I. Effect on growth and some blood values

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Mikko Tuori
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Glucose Group

In a feeding trial with 18 calves, three carbohydrate additions were compared in a liquid milk replacer diet: glucose, xylitol and polyol molasses (PM). The average consumption of substrates was 41, 42 and 48 g dry matter of glucose, xylitol or polyol molasses per day. After one week of colostrum and whole milk feeding, liquid milk replacer was given 12 % of live weight. The trial lasted to the age of 5 weeks. Daily live weight gain was 452, 479 and 425 g in the glucose, xylitol and PM groups(n.s.), respectively. Intake of concentrates was greater in female than male calves (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the feed conversion rate between the groups: 1.83, 1.88 and 1.98 kg dry matter/kg live weight gain in the glucose, xylitol and PM groups, respectively. Venous blood samples were taken before the first feeding after birth, then 1, 2, and 4 days, and 1, 3 and 5 weeks after birth. Haemoglobin and haematocrit were higher in the glucose than in the xylitol and PM groups, and higher in female than male calves (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in plasma glucose, calcium or magnesium contents. Plasma urea-N was lower in the xylitol than in the glucose group (P < 0.05). Plasma inorganic phosphorus was higher in the xylitol than in the glucose group on week one and three after birth, the difference being significant at 3 weeks of age (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Energi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Sapi Peranakan Ongole x Limousin Jantan Muda yang Diberi Rumput Gajah dan Konsentrat

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
E Rianto ◽  
M Y Efendi ◽  
A Purnomoadi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>An experiment was carried out to investigate the efficiency of dietary energy utilisation in. Ongole Grade (OG) and OG x Limousin (OGL) young bulls under intensive feeding regime. This experiment used 4 OG and 4 OGL young bulls (about 6 months old). The initial body weight of OG was 78±4.69 kg, and that of OGL was 91.25±12.62 kg. This experiment used “Independent Sample Comparison” method. Parameters observed were energy intake, energy digestibility, energy metabolisability, live weight gain and energy conversion. The results showed that dry matter (DM) intake of OG PO (26.87 g/ kg BB) was lower (P&lt;0.05) than that of OGL (33.05 g/ kg BB/d); so that energy intake of OG (0.43 MJ/kg BB/d) was also lower (P&lt;0,05) than that of OGL (0.55MJ/kg BB/d).However, were not significant difference (P&gt;0.05) between the two breeds in all other parameters observed. Dietary energy digestibility’s in OG and OGL were 52.60 and 52.20%, respectively. Energy metabolisability’s in OG and OGL were 44.30 and 42.90%, respectively. Live weight gain of were 0.325 and 0.412 kg/d in OG and OGL, respectively Energy conversions in OG and OGL were 46.44 and 55.90 MJ per kilogram live weight gain. It was concluded that OG and OGL young bulls under intensive feeding regime had similar performance in energy utilisation.</p><p>Key words: Bulls, breed, energy metabolism</p>

The performance of early-weaned calves offered concentrates or artificially dried grasses

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARYIn two experiments dried grass cobs or concentrate were offered to calves for 20 weeks after weaning. In Experiment 1 the grasses were harvested in the autumn and in Experiment 2 in the spring. Within each experiment three grasses differing in quality and two levels of concentrate were compared.Dry-matter intake of the dried grasses highest in digestibility was lower than that of medium digestibility grass, and hardness of package, palatability and mould infestation were implicated as possible causal factors.Live-weight gains by calves were closely correlated with digestible organic matter (DOM) intake. There was no significant difference between spring harvested grasses and concentrate in efficiency of utilization of DOM for live-weight gain but autumn grasses were used less efficiently than concentrate. At similar rates of gain the replacement value (dry-matter basis) of dried grass for concentrate averaged 142: 1.

scholarly journals The nutritive value of dried red clover as a supplement for perennial ryegrass hay

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mosley
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ryegrass Hay ◽  
Groundnut Meal

1. A low-digestibility ryegrass hay was fed to sheep and the effect of supplementation with dried red clover on animal production and digestion was examined. Comparisons were made using other supplements containing (a) barley (isoenergetic with clover supplement), (b) barley and decorticated groundnut meal (isoenergetic and isonitrogenous with clover supplement), (c) barley, groundnut meal and mineral salts (containing an equivalent level of digestible energy, apparently digestible crude protein and minerals to those of the clover supplement).2. Dry matter intake, digestibility of organic matter and live-weight gain were higher with clover supplemented hay than with hay alone, and the live-weight gain response to clover supplementation was comparable with the concentrate diet (supplement c), which supplied an equivalent level of digestible energy, crude protein and minerals.3. The utilization of digestible energy for live-weight gain was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for clover than for hay, hay plus barley, and hay plus barley and groundnut meal. The utilization of the clover – hay mixture was similar to that of the hay plus concentrates and minerals and tended to be higher than that of the concentrate diet without minerals, although the difference was not significant (P < 0.05).4. There was no significant difference between hay and clover diets in the proportions of volatile fatty acids found in the rumen, although there was a shift from acetate to butyrate production with the two diets containing groundnut meal.5. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen for both hay and clover was low, but intake and retention was markedly increased with clover.6. The intake and retention for all the minerals studied was better for the clover-supplemented hay and all-clover diets than for the hay diet, and the availability of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus was higher. The availability and retention of Na, K and Mg with the clover-supplemented hay diet were slightly lower than the mineral-supplemented diet, while those of Ca and P were higher.

A note on red clover silage for cattle finishing

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Day ◽  
R. D. Harkess ◽  
D. M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTTrials were carried out over two winters to compare red clover and grass silage for cattle finishing.The silages were mixed to give rations containing 0,25,50,75 or 100% red clover dry-matter and were offered ad libitum to individually fed British Friesian-type steers. Significant differences in dry-matter intake occurred but the effect of silage type on animal performance was not significant. Barley supplementation had a significant effect on both total dry-matter intake and daily live-weight gain.

An evaluation of red clover silage for beef production

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
W. A. McIlmoyle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTTwo experiments have been conducted to compare wilted, formic acid-treated red clover and unwilted, formic acid-treated grass silages for beef production, and to examine the effects of digestibility of red clover and level of concentrate supplementation on food intake and animal performance.In experiment 1, 12 groups of four British Friesian steers (initial live weight 229 kg) were given red clover silages of high and low dry-matter digestibility (0·70 and 0·60 respectively) and grass silage (0·71) ad libitum for a period of 11 weeks. Silage dry-matter intake and live-weight gain for the steers given red clover of high digestibility, red clover of low digestibility and grass silages were 7·75, 0·89; 6·91, 0·69; and 5·59, 0·59 kg/day respectively.In experiment 2, 12 groups of four British Friesian steers (initial live weight 332 kg) were given red clover silage with a dry-matter digestibility of 0·63 and grass silage with a value of 0·76 ad libitum, either unsupplemented or supplemented, with 2 kg/day of fortified barley per head for a period of 19 weeks. Silage dry-matter intake, live-weight gain and carcass gain were 8·52, 0·63, 0·32 and 6·98, 0·78, 0·43 kg/day for the unsupplemented and supplemented red clover silage treatments, and 6·82, 0·59, 0·31 and 5·75, 0·75, 0·44 kg/day for the unsupplemented and supplemented grass silage treatments respectively. The performance of the cattle offered red clover silage was similar to that of cattle offered grass silage of 0·12 higher digestibility, largely as the result of higher dry matter intakes achieved on red clover silage.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Energi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Sapi Peranakan Ongole x Limousin Jantan Muda yang Diberi Rumput Gajah dan Konsentrat

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
E Rianto ◽  
M Y Efendi ◽  
A Purnomoadi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>An experiment was carried out to investigate the efficiency of dietary energy utilisation in. Ongole Grade (OG) and OG x Limousin (OGL) young bulls under intensive feeding regime. This experiment used 4 OG and 4 OGL young bulls (about 6 months old). The initial body weight of OG was 78±4.69 kg, and that of OGL was 91.25±12.62 kg. This experiment used “Independent Sample Comparison” method. Parameters observed were energy intake, energy digestibility, energy metabolisability, live weight gain and energy conversion. The results showed that dry matter (DM) intake of OG PO (26.87 g/ kg BB) was lower (P&lt;0.05) than that of OGL (33.05 g/ kg BB/d); so that energy intake of OG (0.43 MJ/kg BB/d) was also lower (P&lt;0,05) than that of OGL (0.55MJ/kg BB/d).However, were not significant difference (P&gt;0.05) between the two breeds in all other parameters observed. Dietary energy digestibility’s in OG and OGL were 52.60 and 52.20%, respectively. Energy metabolisability’s in OG and OGL were 44.30 and 42.90%, respectively. Live weight gain of were 0.325 and 0.412 kg/d in OG and OGL, respectively Energy conversions in OG and OGL were 46.44 and 55.90 MJ per kilogram live weight gain. It was concluded that OG and OGL young bulls under intensive feeding regime had similar performance in energy utilisation.</p><p>Key words: Bulls, breed, energy metabolism</p>

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