A note on the estimation by simulation technique of the optimal colostrum dose and feeding time at first feeding after the calf's birth

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Weight Concentration

SUMMARYComputer simulations using parameters based on results from experiments showed that by chance a certain frequency of hypo-gammaglobulinaemia would always occur. This was due to variations in birth weight, concentration of immunoglobulin in the ingested colostrum, amount of colostrum offered, and age at first feeding. It was not necessarily associated with an absorption block as sometimes postulated. The probability of an individual getting hypogammaglobulinaemia can be minimized by early feeding of a large quantity of colostrum at the first feeding after birth.

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation Improves Mother–Young Bonding in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes ◽  
Héctor O. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
Juan C. García-López ◽  
Milagros González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Birth Body Weight ◽  
Birth Type

We tested whether maternal energy supplementation during the last third of gestation improves birth weight, neonatal wellbeing, and mother–young bonding. Thirty-six pregnant French Alpine goats were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments for the last third of pregnancy: (i) Control, fed alfalfa (T-0; n = 12); (ii) alfalfa + 150 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-150; n = 12); (iii) alfalfa + 300 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-300; n = 12). At birth, we collected progeny data on birth weight, birth type, sex, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to standing, time to udder connection, and time to first feeding. For the dams, we collected data on the duration of labor, time to clean the progeny, and time to allow first suckling. At birth, body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, and the respiratory rate did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). In the dams, labor duration was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). The T-150 dams were faster to clean the newborn and allow first suckling (p < 0.05). The T-150 progeny were faster to stand and the T-300 progeny were faster to connect to the udder (p < 0.05). We conclude that energy supplementation of the dam during the last third of gestation does not affect the birth weight of the progeny, but enhances the mother–young bonding.

scholarly journals Correlations among parental and neonatal anthropometric parameters, feeding practices and infant obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Daniel Sabau ◽  
Maria Stamatin ◽  
Silvia Stoicescu ◽  
Valeria Filip ◽  
Manuela Cucerea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Study Group ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Background and aims: Infant and adult obesity is becoming a real public health concern in Romania, similar to other countries of the European Union. Maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are proven risk factors for the obesity of the child. The protective role of the breastfeeding against obesity has also been demonstrated. The most important issue is whether the choice of a milk formula with the right protein composition could or not protect the newborn from becoming a future obese infant and child. Our study aims to describe the characteristics of a group of macrosomic newborns,in relation to the mothers’ weight gain during pregnancy, mode of delivery, birth weight, complications at birth, time of first feeding and type of feeding during maternity stay. Patients and methods: we conducted a retrospective study on 179 newborns with birth weights > 4000 grams, born over a period of three months (March-May) in 6 large maternity hospitals in Romania. Results: the newborns had a mean gestational age of 39.5 weeks and a mean birth weight of 4195 grams. Male newborns were prevalent (74%). More than half were born by Cesarian section and had Apgar scores with a median of 9. Macrosomes are prone to complications at birth and in our study those were mainly hypoglycemia and birth trauma. Time at first feeding was 95 minutes (mean), with a high percentage of formula/mixed feeding (68%). Conclusion: Macrosomia itself attracts the risk of birth by cesarean section (54% of study group), birth trauma and a low rate of exclusive breast milk feeding (32% of study group) at discharge.

Rate of passage of digesta through the alimentary tract of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) and the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) (Carnivora : Otariidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bodley ◽  
the late J. R. Mercer ◽  
M. M. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Neophoca Cinerea ◽  
Australian Sea Lion ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
New Zealand Fur Seal

The inert marker titanium dioxide was added to the food of two male New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and three Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) in Taronga Zoo, Sydney, in a series of 15 trials. The enclosures were checked constantly during daylight hours, and defaecation times and location of samples noted. Samples were collected at feeding times, at approximately 0930, 1300 and 1500 hours. During the night the animals were checked at 30-min intervals, the location of samples noted, and samples collected at the first feeding time next morning. Faecal collections were made for up to 50 h after dosing. Marker concentrations in faecal dry matter were determined and mean retention times calculated from the mean concentration-time curves. The mean time between dosing and first recovery of marker (Initial Recovery Time) was 4 h for A. forsteri and 6.5 h for N. cinerea. Mean retention time, a better index of rate of passage of digesta, was 14.6 h for A. forsteri and 14.9 h for N. cinerea. Thus, the marker concentration curves indicated a rapid rate of food transit through the gastrointestinal tract, as has been observed in several (but not all) pinniped species.

SELECTED WELFARE PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS ON DIFFERENT FEED QUANTITY AND TIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
K. O. BELLO ◽  
T. S. BODE-KASEEM ◽  
A. O. LALA ◽  
S. O. OLADELE ◽  
O. m. SOGUNLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

This study was conducted to determine welfare of broiler chickens fed ad libitum and restricted feed during early (08.00hour) and late (16:00hour) of the day. One hundred and eighty (21d old) broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement comprising of ad libitum and restricted feeding (75% of ad libitum) quantity at 8 and 16 hours feeding time in three replicates. Data were collected on leg problem, dust bathing, body temperature, mortality and haematology. Result revealed that neither feed quantity nor time had significant (P>0.05) effect on leg problem, dust bathing and mortality of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens under ad lib feed quantity and 16:00hours feeding time had (P<0.05) highest body temperature (40.93oC) while those under ad libitum morning (08:00hours) recorded the least (40.75°C). Pack Cell Volume had similar (P>0.05) increase from 26.75% at the beginning (21d) to 31.25 (%) at 56d with broiler chickens under restricted feeding and fed at 16:00hours feeding time. Basophil count reduced from a range of 0.5-2% (P<0.05) to 1% (P>0.05) with restricted feeding. Also eosinophil reduced from 2-4% (P<0.05) range to 0-2.5% (P>0.05) with restricted feeding while birds under ad lib increased from 0-1% (P<0.05) at 21d to 2.75% (P>0.05) at 56d. Better welfare (good body temperature) of broiler chicken could be achieved with early feeding time irrespective of quantity. However, restricted feeding could be explored in broiler production where reduced basophil, eosinophil and stress are vital for enhanced welfare and performance.    

Molecular Modeling Computer Simulations of Organic Polymers: A Novel Computer Simulation Technique to Characterize Nanostructured Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah G. Schulz ◽  
Hubert Kuhn ◽  
Günter Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Random Forces ◽  
Coarse Grained Simulations ◽  
Immiscible Mixtures

ABSTRACTThe understanding and prediction of complex nanostructured self-assemblies such as colloidal suspensions, micelles, immiscible mixtures, microemulsions, etc., represent a challenge for conventional methods of simulation due to the presence of different time scales in their dynamics.We have recently successfully applied a novel computer simulations technique, Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD), to model the behavior of diblockcopolymers at the water/oil interface. With the use of a simple model we have performed simulations of polymer/water/oil systems at different concentrations.We present the results of nanoscale “coarse-grained” simulations with DPD. DPD is a mesoscale simulation technique that has been introduced in order to simulate three-dimensional structures of organic polymer aggregates.In DPD the polymer is modeled using particles which are interacting by conservative, dissipative and random forces. Particles are not regarded as molecules but rather as droplets or nanoclusters of molecules.We have successfully applied this technique to simulate the three-dimensional structures of microemulsions, e.g. the bicontinuous phase of a surfactant in water and oil, in domains of less than 100 nm. The different structures of the polymer/water/oil system were effectively characterized with DPD and are in remarkable agreement with the experiment.The DPD method proofed to be a reliable tool to get a better understanding of the nanostructure of self-assemblies and is therefore applicable to support the often complicated experiments or even to obtain experimentally unavai1able data.

scholarly journals Glycemic status in exclusively breast fed low birth weight babies In first 72 hours of life in a teriary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vithal Rao S. Natta ◽  
Deepthi Pagali ◽  
Venkata Priyanka Dandugula ◽  
Sowjanya Bhanu Veera
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Neonatal hypoglycaemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to lack of specific symptoms. It can lead to considerable mortality and morbidity with long term neurological sequelae. Adequate breast feeding play an important role in maintaining normal glucose levels. So, this study is done to assess the incidence of hypoglycaemia in exclusively breast fed low birth weight babies, both term and preterm neonates and evaluate the impact of early breast feeding on glycaemic status upto 72 hours of life.Methods: This study was conducted over 12 month period involving 236 AGA (Appropriate for gestational age), SGA (Small for gestational age) babies with birth weight between 1.6-2.49 kg. Blood glucose values were measured at birth, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h of life after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Hypoglycaemia was assessed against age of onset, gestational age, sex of baby, mode of delivery and time of initiation of breast feeding.Results: Total 56 episodes of hypoglycaemia were recorded in 52 babies of which 46 (27%) were term SGA babies and 6(8%) were preterm AGA babies (p=0.00148). The incidence of hypoglycaemia was found to be 22%, highest during the first 24 hours of life (93%) and delayed breast feeding is the most commonly noted risk factor (p=0.00024).Conclusions: Low birth babies are more prone to develop hypoglycaemia especially in first 24 hours of life with delayed introduction of breast feeding being one of the common risk factors and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia can be managed with frequent breast feeding without any formula feeds.

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