Evaluation of performance at slaughter of twenty combinations of three-breed crosses of pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Fahmy ◽  
W. B. Holtmann ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYTwo castrated male pigs from each of 620 litters were fed ad libitum to 90 kg market weight at three stations. The pigs represented 20 three-breed crosses produced by mating Yorkshire, Landrace, Lacombe, Hampshire and Duroc sires to Landrace-Yorkshire, Hampshire-Landrace, Large Black-Lacombe, Large Black-Landrace, Duroc-Lacombe and Duroc-Yorkshire dams. The data on feed conversion, average daily gain, age at slaughter, backfat thickness and area of loin eye muscle were analysed by least-squares.Within breed cross of dam, pigs sired by Hampshire were consistently superior in feed conversion, carcass quality and in 3 crosses out of 5 had the fastest growth rate during the fattening period. They were, however, the oldest at 90 kg live weight. Pigs sired by Duroc ranked second in carcass quality and growth rate, whereas those sired by Landrace had the slowest growth rate. The pigs produced by Hampshire-Landrace sows were superior in carcass quality but inferior in feed conversion and growth to those from sows of the other five crosses.In descending order, the four highest ranking crosses based on an index combining average daily gain, backfat thickness and feed efficiency were Hampshire × (Landrace-Yorkshire), Hampshire × (Duroc-Lacombe), Duroc × (Landrace-Yorkshire) and Hampshire × (Large Black-Landrace).

Evaluation of three- and four-breed cross litters and pigs sired by purebred and crossbred boars

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Fahmy ◽  
W. B. Holtmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

SUMMARYBoars from four pure breeds and three two-breed crosses were mated at two stations to sows from six two-breed crosses to produce three- and four-breed cross litters. Two types of three-breed crosses were produced either using purebred boars or by partial backcrossing using crossbred boars. From the 504 litters produced 965 male pigs were slaughtered at 90 kg live weight. The purebred boars produced litters which were 0·4 and 0·2 pigs larger and 0·14 and 1·14 kg heavier at birth and 21 days respectively than the crossbred boars. Differences between pigs sired by purebred and crossbred boars were negligible for growth rate and carcass quality. Little difference was also found between three- and four-breed cross pigs sired by crossbred boars (except for daily gain, P < 0·05). Breed of dam was a significant source of variation on all the traits except dressing-out percentage. Significant breed of sire effect was found on all the traits related to carcass quality but not on those related to growth. Breed of sire × breed of dam interaction was significant on backfat thickness, carcass lean yield percentage and average daily gain. The best crosses in carcass value were those of Duroc boars mated to Hampshire-Landrace and Landrace-Yorkshire sows, while those pigs with the fastest gain were from Landrace boars ×Duroc-Yorkshire sows and Duroc-Yorkshire boars × Large Black-Lacombe sows.

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

A study of retail requirements and genetic parameters of carcass quality in polled dorset horn sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
C. R. C. Hendy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Eye Muscle

SUMMARYData on growth rate and carcasses of pedigree Polled Dorset Horn castrated male lambs have been collected. The lambs were the half-sib progeny of 18 rams mated to groups of 20 ewes in 1968 and 1969. The lambs were slaughtered at between 35 and 45 kg live weight and when considered ‘fit’ on the basis of a handling appraisal. The whole carcasses were classified by a retail organization as either ‘accepted’ or ‘rejected’ and subsequently all carcasses were cut into commercial joints ready for sale. Analyses indicated that classification of carcasses was largely but not solely based on backfat thickness. Accepted carcasses were from older and heavier lambs which had larger eye-muscle areas. There was no difference in value per unit weight between accepted and rejected carcasses.Heritability for growth rate to 16 weeks of age was zero but for growth rate and age at slaughter was 0·26 ± 0·22 and 0·28 + μ 0·22 respectively. The heritability estimates for percentage best end, loin and backfat thickness were greater than 0·30. There were insufficient data to estimate genetic correlations accurately, but the estimates of pheno-typic correlations and heritabilities were very similar to those obtained in a previous study of carcasses of Down cross lambs.It is suggested that the method of choosing lambs for slaughter accounts for the large difference in the heritabilities for growth to 16 weeks and to slaughter. Selection to change backfat thickness would be effective and would probably result in a reduction in age at slaughter and an increase in growth rate to slaughter. Selection to change proportions of the carcass is not considered to be worthwhile.

The effect of hormones on growth rate and carcass quality of fattening lambs and hoggets

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Burgess ◽  
G. E. Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rectal Prolapse ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects on average daily gain of a 12 mg. implant of diethylstilboestrol has been tested in male suckling lambs and in male hoggets. In both types stilboestrol produced some mammary stimulation. One case of rectal prolapse was encountered in the hoggets. In suckling lambs, treatment did not significantly increase rate of gain nor significantly affect any of several carcass characteristics studied. In hoggets, treatment produced a highly significant increase in rate of gain (33%), a highly significant increase in pelt weight and a highly significant decrease in the percentage of fat in the last rib section. It produced a non-significant increase in muscle and bone in the last rib section. Carcass score and dressing percentage were not significantly affected by treatment.The oral administration of L-thyroxine to suckling female lambs from 30–70 lb. live-weight did not significantly affect the rate of gain or the carcass characteristics studied.

scholarly journals Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Palova ◽  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

AGE DYNAMICS OF THE LIVE WEIGHT OF YOUNG YAKS OF THE ALTAI POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
А.И. БАХТУШКИНА ◽  
В.Р. САИТОВ ◽  
М.М. САЛЬНИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Daily Gain

Проведено изучение интенсивности роста молодняка яков алтайской популяции, характеризующегося энергичным ростом. Динамика роста молодняка яков изучена путем определения их живой массы в разные возрастные периоды: при рождении, в возрасте 7, 12, 18 мес. По результатам взвешиваний определен абсолютный прирост, абсолютный среднесуточный прирост живой массы, относительная скорость роста. В период от рождения до 7-месячного возраста, который совпал с летним периодом пастбищного сезона, живая масса бычков увеличилась на 131,4 кг, а телок — на 120,2 кг. Интенсивность роста составила соответственно 625,7 и 572,4 г, что свидетельствует о достаточно хорошей молочности маток. В зимний период (возраст молодняка — от 7 до 12 мес) интенсивность роста резко снизилась: живая масса бычков и телочек составила всего 161,3 и 143,7 кг, со среднесуточными приростами — 94 и 58 г соответственно. С началом вегетации пастбищных растений приросты молодняка по сравнению с зимним периодом резко увеличились. В возрасте от 12 до 18 мес они были равны: 476 г — у бычков и 439 г — у телочек. Общий прирост живой массы бычков за этот период составил 86 кг, у телочек — 79 кг. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о достаточно хорошем развитии молодняка яков алтайской популяции. The growth rate of young yaks of the Altai population, characterized by vigorous growth, was investigated. The growth dynamics of young yaks was studied by determining their live weight at different age periods – at birth and at the age of 7, 12, 18 months. According to the weighing results, the absolute gain, the absolute average daily gain in live weight, and the relative growth rate were determined. In the period from birth to 7 months of age, which coincided with the summer months of the pasture season, the live weight of bull calves increased by 131.4, and heifers — by 120.2 kg, i.e., the growth rate was 625.7 and 572.4 g, respectively, which characterizes a fairly good milk yield of cows. In the winter period (age from 7 to 12 months), the growth rate decreased sharply: the live weight of calves and calves was only 161.3 kg and 143.7 kg, with average daily gains of 94 and 58g, respectively. Subsequently, with the beginning of the growing season of pasture plants, the weight gain of young animals in comparison with the winter period increased sharply. At the age of 12 to 18 months they were equal: 476 g-for steers and 439 g-for heifers. The total increase in live weight of calves during this period was 86 kg, of heifers — 79 kg. The data obtained indicate a fairly good development of young yaks of the Altai population.

Effects of castration on growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality in Damascus goats

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Louca ◽  
S. Economides ◽  
J. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency

SUMMARYOne hundred and forty-two kids of the Damascus breed of goat were used over a 10½-mo period to study the effects of early castration (at 7 days of age) on growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality and late castration (at 7½ mo of age) on the presence or absence of taint in goat meat.Intact male kids grew faster and used feed more efficiently than castrates until they were about 9 mo old (56 kg live weight). There- after intact kids exhibited strong sexual activity and as a result their growth ceased completely whereas castrates continued growing. Early castrates produced fatter carcasses than those of intact kids. Castration of male kids at the age of about 7½ mo (44 kg live weight) was not successful in this trial and the kids performed very poorly. A taint of varying intensity was present in the meat of intact goats but not in that from any of the early or late castrates.

EFFECTS OF STEAM PELLETING DIETS CONTAINING TWO VARIETIES OF RAPESEED MEAL ON PIG PERFORMANCE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted during the late fall and winter months with 96 Yorkshire barrows and gilts to study the effects on pig performance of feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM) and lysine-HCl (0.1%) supplemented corn-SBM-Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn-SBM-Candle RSM diets, in the form of mash (corn was medium-ground) and steam pellets. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, efficiency of feed conversion (feed to gain ratio, F/G) and carcass backfat thickness were measured in pigs reared from 23 kg to 91 kg liveweight. The energy level in the RSM diets was not adjusted to equal that in the corn-SBM diet. Pigs fed Tower RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake and backfat thickness and pigs fed Candle RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and higher (P < 0.01) F/G compared to the pigs fed SBM. The pigs fed corn-SBM-Tower RSM had a higher (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and lower (P < 0.01) F/G ratio than those fed Candle RSM diets. Steam pelleting of the corn-SBM and corn-SBM-RSM diets improved ADG, feed intake and F/G of the pigs, with the effects being greatest for the RSM diets.

The effect of suckling regime on growth rate and lactation performance of the Cyprus Fat-tailed and Chios sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraam Louca
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYSeventy-two Cyprus Fat-tailed and Chios ewes with their lambs were used over a 2-year period to study the effects of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of ewes and growth rate of lambs. The regimes studied were continuous or 24-hr a day suckling, 12-hr suckling and no suckling. The lambs were weaned at the age of 10 weeks. All the ewes, including those suckling, were handmilked throughout the trial twice daily.Highly significant differences in milk yield (milk sucked by lambs plus milk withdrawn by hand) and lactation length were found between the Fat-tailed and Chios ewes, the respective average milk yields being 159 and 265 kg and the corresponding lactation lengths, 158 and 209 days. There were no significant differences between breeds in the live weight or average daily gain of lambs up to the age of 20 weeks. Suckling for 12 rather than 24 hr a day had no adverse effects on the milk yield of ewes or the growth rate of lambs. The no-suckling regime, however, adversely affected milk yield and lactation length but the effects were less pronounced for the Chios breed.

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