scholarly journals Reproducibility and validity of a diet quality index for children assessed using a FFQ

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Herman Van Oyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Cross Classification

The diet quality index (DQI) for preschool children is a new index developed to reflect compliance with four main food-based dietary guidelines for preschool children in Flanders. The present study investigates: (1) the validity of this index by comparing DQI scores for preschool children with nutrient intakes, both of which were derived from 3 d estimated diet records; (2) the reproducibility of the DQI for preschoolers based on a parentally reported forty-seven-item FFQ DQI, which was repeated after 5 weeks; (3) the relative validity of the FFQ DQI with 3 d record DQI scores as reference. The study sample included 510 and 58 preschoolers (2·5–6·5 years) for validity and reproducibility analyses, respectively. Increasing 3 d record DQI scores were associated with decreasing consumption of added sugars, and increasing intakes of fibre, water, Ca and many micronutrients. Mean FFQ DQI test–retest scores were not significantly different: 72 (sd 11) v. 71 (sd 10) (P = 0·218) out of a maximum of 100. Mean 3 d record DQI score (66 (sd 10)) was significantly lower than mean FFQ DQI (71 (sd 10); P < 0·001). The reproducibility correlation was 0·88. Pearsons correlation (adjusted for within-person variability) between FFQ and 3 d record DQI scores was 0·82. Cross-classification analysis of the FFQ and 3 d record DQI classified 60 % of the subjects in the same category and 3 % in extreme tertiles. Cross-classification of repeated administrations classified 62 % of the subjects in the same category and 3 % in extreme categories. The FFQ-based DQI approach compared well with the 3 d record approach, and it can be used to determine diet quality among preschoolers.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Total Diet Quality Index for Toddlers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Emily W. Duffy ◽  
Lisa J. Harnack ◽  
Andrea S. Anater ◽  
Joel C. Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Diet Quality Index

For the first time, the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for infants and toddlers under 2 years old. We aimed to create a diet quality index based on a scoring system for ages 12 to 23.9 months, the Toddler Diet Quality Index (DQI), and evaluate its construct validity using 24 h dietary recall data collected from a national sample of children from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. The mean (standard error) Toddler DQI was 49 (0.6) out of 100 possible points, indicating room for improvement. Toddlers under-consumed seafood, greens and beans, and plant proteins and over-consumed refined grains and added sugars. Toddler DQI scores were higher among children who were ever breastfed, lived in households with higher incomes, and who were Hispanic. The Toddler DQI performed as expected and offers a measurement tool to assess the dietary quality of young children in accordance with federal nutrition guidelines. This is important for providing guidance that can be used to inform public health nutrition policies, programs, and practices to improve diets of young children.

scholarly journals Validation of the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents by comparison with biomarkers, nutrient and food intakes: the HELENA study

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 2067-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Vyncke ◽  
Estefania Cruz Fernandez ◽  
Marta Fajó-Pascual ◽  
Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽  
Willem De Keyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Helena Study

Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) aim to address the nutritional requirements at population level in order to prevent diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle. Diet quality indices can be used to assess the compliance with these FBDG. The present study aimed to investigate whether the newly developed Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) is a good surrogate measure for adherence to FBDG, and whether adherence to these FBDG effectively leads to better nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in adolescents. Participants included 1804 European adolescents who were recruited in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. Dietary intake was assessed by two, non-consecutive 24 h recalls. A DQI-A score, considering the components' dietary quality, diversity and equilibrium, was calculated. Associations between the DQI-A and food and nutrient intakes and blood concentration biomarkers were investigated using multilevel regression analysis corrected for centre, age and sex. DQI-A scores were associated with food intake in the expected direction: positive associations with nutrient-dense food items, such as fruits and vegetables, and inverse associations with energy-dense and low-nutritious foods. On the nutrient level, the DQI-A was positively related to the intake of water, fibre and most minerals and vitamins. No association was found between the DQI-A and total fat intake. Furthermore, a positive association was observed with 25-hydroxyvitamin D, holo-transcobalamin andn-3 fatty acid serum levels. The present study has shown good validity of the DQI-A by confirming the expected associations with food and nutrient intakes and some biomarkers in blood.

scholarly journals Development of a diet quality index to assess adherence to Canadian dietary recommendations in 3-year-old children

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Jarman ◽  
Nisha Vashi ◽  
Amy Angus ◽  
Rhonda C Bell ◽  
Gerald F Giesbrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Dietary Data

AbstractObjective:Little is known about the diet quality of preschool children in Canada. We adapted an established diet quality index for European preschool children to align with the Canadian context and applied the index to dietary data of 3-year-old children to assess patterns of diet quality.Design:Our diet quality index (DQI-C) consists of four components that align with Canada’s Food Guide (Vegetables and Fruit, Grain Products, Milk and Alternatives and Meat and Alternatives) and two components that account for less healthy intakes (Candy/Snacks, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB)). The ratio between consumption v. recommended intakes is calculated for each component and summed to give a total score from 0 to 6.Setting:Alberta, Canada.Participants:The DQI-C was applied to FFQ data from 1260 3-year-old children.Results:Mean DQI-C was 3·69 (sd 0·6). Most children met recommendations for Vegetables and Fruit (73 %) and Meat and Alternatives (70 %); however, fewer met recommendations for Milk and Alternatives (38 %) and Grain Products (13 %). Children in the lowest quartile for DQI-C score consumed a mean of 82 g of Candy/Snacks and 193 g of SSB daily, whereas those in the highest quartile consumed 45 g/d and 17 g/d of Candy and Snacks and SSB, respectively.Conclusion:This DQI-C score is useful for ranking Canadian preschool children according to their overall diet quality. There is room for improvement for consumptions of Grain Products, Meat and Alternatives, Candy/Snacks and SSB, which could be a target for initiatives to improve diet quality of preschool children in Canada.

scholarly journals Validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire for estimating calcium intake in Belgian preschool children

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Guy De Backer ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Cross Classification

Relative validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for measuring preschool children's usual Ca intake were assessed using parents or guardians as a proxy. Estimated diet records (EDR; 3d) were used as the reference method and reproducibility was measured by repeated FFQ administrations 5 weeks apart. From 2095 preschool children (2·5–6·5 years) randomly selected in Flanders (Flemish region of Belgium), 1052 returned a FFQ and EDR. Stringent exclusion procedures reduced the sample for validity analyses to 509 children. From a separate sample of 244 preschool children, 124 returned two FFQ, of whom sixty were included in the reproducibility analysis. Mean Ca intakes were 838 (sd 305) and 777 (sd 296) mg/d for EDR and FFQ respectively, indicating a mean difference of 60·9 (sd 294·4) mg/d (p<0·001). Pearson's correlation was 0·52. Cross-classification analysis of the FFQ and EDR classified 83%of the subjects in the same or adjacent category and 2·4% in extreme quartiles. Actual values for surrogate FFQ quartiles showed a progressive increase in Ca intake (p<0·001). The FFQ correctly identified 77% of the children consuming less Ca than the age-specific RDA (800mg/d). Correlation between repeated administrations was 0·79. No significant difference between mean Ca intakes was established by two administrations (23·8 (sd 161·2) mg/d). Cross-classification of repeated administrations classified 93·4% of the subjects in the same or adjacent category and no subjects in extreme categories. This FFQ tended to underestimate preschool children's Ca intake when administered by a proxy. However, it demonstrated good repeatability and fairly good ability to classify subjects into extremes of Ca intake.

scholarly journals A Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy detects variation in diet and differences by sociodemographic factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M Bodnar ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Nulliparous Women

AbstractObjective:Methods currently used to assess nutritional status during pregnancy have limitations if one wishes to examine the overall quality of the diet. A Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-P) was developed to reflect current nutritional recommendations for pregnancy and national dietary guidelines.Design:Dietary intake was assessed during the second trimester using a food-frequency questionnaire. The DQI-P includes eight components: % recommended servings of grains, vegetables and fruits, % recommendations for folate, iron and calcium, % energy from fat, and meal/snack patterning score. Scores can range from 0 to 80; each component contributed 10 points.Setting:Two public prenatal clinics in central North Carolina.Subjects:N = 2063 pregnant women who participated in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) Study.Results:The DQI-P quantitatively differentiated diets. The mean score for the population was 56.0 (standard deviation 12.0). Women who were <30 years old, <350% of poverty, nulliparous and high school graduates had significantly higher overall DQI-P scores. Higher percentages of recommended vegetable servings were consumed by higher-income, older and better-educated women. Greater percentages of recommended intakes of folate and iron were seen among black, low-income and nulliparous women. Higher iron intakes were also seen among women who graduated high school and were less than 30 years old. Other differences were observed for intake of fat and meal/snack pattern. Because this index was based on national recommendations, the DQI-P may be a useful tool for research and public health settings to evaluating overall diet quality of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Development of a Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Castro Crivellenti ◽  
Daniela Cristina Candelas Zuccolotto ◽  
Daniela Saes Sartorelli
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Diet Quality Index

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women (IQDAG) and to evaluate its relation with the characteristics of women treated at the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS: The data on food intake come from a cross-sectional study carried out with 785 adult pregnant women in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2012. The index was based on the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, previous national dietary indexes, and the new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. We used the ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests to describe the quality of the diet according to the characteristics of the mother. RESULTS: The IQDAG has nine components, and it is represented by three food groups (in servings/1,000 kcal), five nutrients, and a moderator component. A high proportion of pregnant women reached the maximum score for the components of legumes and vegetables. However, few women reached the maximum score for consumption of fresh fruits, fiber, omega-3, calcium, folate, iron, and ultra-processed foods. We verified a better quality of diet among older and eutrophic pregnant women who reported practicing more physical activity and taking dietary supplements. We also observed the highest index score among women with higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins C, E, and A, and minerals calcium, folate, and iron, as well as among those with lower intake of total fats and saturated fats. CONCLUSIONS: This dietary index is unprecedented in incorporating the recommendation of the new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population regarding the moderation of the consumption of ultra-processed foods. It was useful in evaluating the quality of the diet of pregnant women and we verified a higher score among older and eutrophic women who reported a healthy lifestyle. Strategies are needed to promote a higher consumption of fresh fruits, foods high in fiber, omega-3, calcium, folate, iron, and minimally processed foods in pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Development and Evaluation of a Diet Quality Index for Asian Toddlers and Its Perinatal Correlates: The GUSTO Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Wei Chen ◽  
Si Fung ◽  
Doris Fok ◽  
Lai Leong ◽  
Jia Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Childhood Diet ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Early childhood diet may have lifelong influences on health outcomes, yet development of indices to assess diet quality is scarce in toddlers, especially in Asian countries. We aimed to develop and evaluate a Diet Quality Index (DQI) in a multi-ethnic Asian mother–offspring cohort and identify perinatal correlates of early childhood diet. Based primarily on the Singapore dietary guidelines, the DQI includes seven food components: rice, bread and alternatives; fruit; vegetables; meat and alternatives; milk and dairy products; whole grains; and foods high in sugar. The DQI was developed using parental report of Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) data for 18-month-old toddlers (n = 561). The mean ± SD of DQI for the study toddlers was 44.2 ± 8.9 (theoretical range: 0–65). A higher DQI (better diet quality) was associated with higher intakes of several nutrients and food groups (e.g., vegetables, dietary fibre, and beta-carotene; all p < 0.001). Further construct validity was demonstrated by substantial agreement between the FFQ-DQI and 24-hour-recall-DQI (Intraclass-correlation-coefficient: 0.70). Independent predictors of lower DQI included higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI [β(95% CI): −0.23(−0.39, −0.07)], Malay ethnicity [−1.88(−3.67, −0.09)], lower household income [−1.97(−3.91, −0.03)], lower education level [−2.57(−4.85, −0.28)] and never breastfeeding [−6.17(−11.06, −1.28)]. We developed a valid DQI for assessing the overall quality of the diets of Asian toddlers.

scholarly journals Development of a diet quality index assessing adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Drake ◽  
Bo Gullberg ◽  
Ulrika Ericson ◽  
Emily Sonestedt ◽  
Jan Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Diet And Cancer ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a diet quality index (DQI) that assesses adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations (SNR) and the Swedish dietary guidelines (SDG).DesignA cross-sectional study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. A diet history method collected dietary data, a structured questionnaire lifestyle and socio-economic information, and anthropometric data were collected by direct measurements. The index (DQI-SNR) included six components: SFA, PUFA, fish and shellfish, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose.SettingMalmö, Sweden.SubjectsMen (n 4525) and women (n 8491) of the MDC cohort enrolled from September 1994 to October 1996.ResultsFor participants with high DQI-SNR scores, nutrient and food intakes were close to recommendations. However, most of the study population exceeded the recommended intake for SFA (98 %) and few reached recommended intakes for dietary fibre (24 %), fruit and vegetables (32 %), vitamin D (18 %) and folate (2 %). A high DQI-SNR score was positively associated with age, physical activity, not smoking, past food habit change, education and socio-economic status. Individuals with high scores were more likely to have a diabetes diagnosis or experienced a cardiovascular event.ConclusionsResults suggest that the DQI-SNR is a useful tool for assessing adherence to the SNR 2005 and the SDG in the MDC cohort. No index has previously been developed with the aim of evaluating adherence to the current dietary recommendations in Sweden. Further validation of the DQI-SNR, and evaluation of its utility, is needed.

scholarly journals Scoring models of a diet quality index and the predictive capability of mortality in a population-based cohort of Swedish men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Drake ◽  
Bo Gullberg ◽  
Emily Sonestedt ◽  
Peter Wallström ◽  
Margaretha Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Scoring Model ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Dietary Indices

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how different scoring models for a diet quality index influence associations with mortality outcomes.DesignA study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Food and nutrient intakes were estimated using a diet history method. The index included six components: SFA, PUFA, fish and shellfish, fibre, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. Component scores were assigned using predefined (based on dietary recommendations) and population-based cut-offs (based on median or quintile intakes). Multivariate Cox regression was used to model associations between index scores (low, medium, high) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by sex.SettingMalmö, the third largest city in Sweden.SubjectsMen (n 6940) and women (n 10 186) aged 44–73 years. During a mean follow-up of 14·2 years, 2450 deaths occurred, 1221 from cancer and 709 from CVD.ResultsThe predictive capability of the index for mortality outcomes varied with type of scoring model and by sex. Stronger associations were seen among men using predefined cut-offs. In contrast, the quintile-based scoring model showed greater predictability for mortality outcomes among women. The scoring model using median-based cut-offs showed low predictability for mortality among both men and women.ConclusionsThe scoring model used for dietary indices may have a significant impact on observed associations with disease outcomes. The rationale for selection of scoring model should be included in studies investigating the association between dietary indices and disease. Adherence to the current dietary recommendations was in the present study associated with decreased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, particularly among men.

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