Development and Application of a Total Diet Quality Index for Toddlers

For the first time, the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for infants and toddlers under 2 years old. We aimed to create a diet quality index based on a scoring system for ages 12 to 23.9 months, the Toddler Diet Quality Index (DQI), and evaluate its construct validity using 24 h dietary recall data collected from a national sample of children from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. The mean (standard error) Toddler DQI was 49 (0.6) out of 100 possible points, indicating room for improvement. Toddlers under-consumed seafood, greens and beans, and plant proteins and over-consumed refined grains and added sugars. Toddler DQI scores were higher among children who were ever breastfed, lived in households with higher incomes, and who were Hispanic. The Toddler DQI performed as expected and offers a measurement tool to assess the dietary quality of young children in accordance with federal nutrition guidelines. This is important for providing guidance that can be used to inform public health nutrition policies, programs, and practices to improve diets of young children.

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Validation of the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents by comparison with biomarkers, nutrient and food intakes: the HELENA study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451200414x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (11) ◽

pp. 2067-2078 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Krishna Vyncke ◽

Estefania Cruz Fernandez ◽

Marta Fajó-Pascual ◽

Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽

Willem De Keyzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Nutrient Level ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

Helena Study

Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) aim to address the nutritional requirements at population level in order to prevent diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle. Diet quality indices can be used to assess the compliance with these FBDG. The present study aimed to investigate whether the newly developed Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) is a good surrogate measure for adherence to FBDG, and whether adherence to these FBDG effectively leads to better nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in adolescents. Participants included 1804 European adolescents who were recruited in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. Dietary intake was assessed by two, non-consecutive 24 h recalls. A DQI-A score, considering the components' dietary quality, diversity and equilibrium, was calculated. Associations between the DQI-A and food and nutrient intakes and blood concentration biomarkers were investigated using multilevel regression analysis corrected for centre, age and sex. DQI-A scores were associated with food intake in the expected direction: positive associations with nutrient-dense food items, such as fruits and vegetables, and inverse associations with energy-dense and low-nutritious foods. On the nutrient level, the DQI-A was positively related to the intake of water, fibre and most minerals and vitamins. No association was found between the DQI-A and total fat intake. Furthermore, a positive association was observed with 25-hydroxyvitamin D, holo-transcobalamin andn-3 fatty acid serum levels. The present study has shown good validity of the DQI-A by confirming the expected associations with food and nutrient intakes and some biomarkers in blood.

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Evaluation of a mobile application for estimation of food intake

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652017000100009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samantha Bittencourt MESCOLOTO ◽

Simone CAIVANO ◽

Semíramis Martins Álvares DOMENE

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

University Students ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Quality Index ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Diet Quality Index

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the use of the Nutrabem (São Paulo, Brasil) mobile application as a tool for measurement of food intake among university students. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a random sample of 40 undergraduate students at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista. Food intake data were estimated using the Nutrabem app and the 24-hour dietary recall. Intakes of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, calcium, iron, and vitamin C were calculated. The intake of food groups and diet quality were evaluated by the Diet Quality Index associated with the Digital Food Guide. The agreement between the methods was assessed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Student' t-test. Results: Strong correlations were observed between energy (0.77), carbohydrates (0.82) and protein (0.83). The groups: poultry, fish, and eggs; beef and pork; refined grains and breads; and fruits and legumes showed strong correlations (between 0.76 and 0.85). There were moderate correlations (0.59 and 0.71) between the groups sugars and sweets; whole grains, tubers and roots, milk and dairy products, animal fats, and the Diet Quality Index associated with the Digital Food Guide scores. Vegetables and leafy greens, nuts, and vegetable oils showed weak correlations (0.31 and 0.43). Homogeneity assessment revealed similarity between the results obtained by both methods (p>0.05) . Conclusion: The Nutrabem app can be used as a tool to assess dietary intake among university students since it produces results similar to those obtained by the 24-hour dietary recall method.

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Comparison of The Sleep Status and Nutrition Habits of the Students in The First and Second Education of Trakya University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.33880/ejfm.2019080204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Sedef Duran ◽

Ezgi Durmuşçelebi ◽

Merve Yalçın ◽

Gülşah Karmil ◽

Asja Radonciq

Keyword(s):

Secondary Education ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Education Students ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

The University

Aim: Sleep duration and quality affect the food consumption and weight gain; also food consumption affects the sleep. It was found that the university students have very serious problems in terms of nutrition and sleep patterns. The aim of this study is to investigate the sleep status and eating habits of the students in the first and secondary education of university. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 130 students from first and 108 students from secondary education of the university. Height, weight, waist and hip measurements of each participant were taken. Demographic characteristics, habits, dietary behaviors and sleep patterns of the participants were evaluated. Results: It was determined that the students in the secondary education had a significantly higher rate of eating more at nights and skipped meals during the day. When all the participants were considered, there was a opposite and weak opposite correlation in the between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index scores. According to the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index, the ratio of those with very low dietary quality was 51.5% for the students in the first education and 61.1% for the students in the second education. Conclusion: It was found that, secondary education students eat more at night than first education students; they skip meals during the day and had a very low diet quality according to Mediterranean Diet Quality Index. In order to prevent these problems, regular sleep and nutrition training should be given to the students of secondary education.

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Reproducibility and validity of a diet quality index for children assessed using a FFQ

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510000231 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 135-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Carine Vereecken ◽

Dirk De Bacquer ◽

Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽

Herman Van Oyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

Diet Records ◽

Repeated Administrations ◽

Cross Classification

The diet quality index (DQI) for preschool children is a new index developed to reflect compliance with four main food-based dietary guidelines for preschool children in Flanders. The present study investigates: (1) the validity of this index by comparing DQI scores for preschool children with nutrient intakes, both of which were derived from 3 d estimated diet records; (2) the reproducibility of the DQI for preschoolers based on a parentally reported forty-seven-item FFQ DQI, which was repeated after 5 weeks; (3) the relative validity of the FFQ DQI with 3 d record DQI scores as reference. The study sample included 510 and 58 preschoolers (2·5–6·5 years) for validity and reproducibility analyses, respectively. Increasing 3 d record DQI scores were associated with decreasing consumption of added sugars, and increasing intakes of fibre, water, Ca and many micronutrients. Mean FFQ DQI test–retest scores were not significantly different: 72 (sd 11) v. 71 (sd 10) (P = 0·218) out of a maximum of 100. Mean 3 d record DQI score (66 (sd 10)) was significantly lower than mean FFQ DQI (71 (sd 10); P < 0·001). The reproducibility correlation was 0·88. Pearsons correlation (adjusted for within-person variability) between FFQ and 3 d record DQI scores was 0·82. Cross-classification analysis of the FFQ and 3 d record DQI classified 60 % of the subjects in the same category and 3 % in extreme tertiles. Cross-classification of repeated administrations classified 62 % of the subjects in the same category and 3 % in extreme categories. The FFQ-based DQI approach compared well with the 3 d record approach, and it can be used to determine diet quality among preschoolers.

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A Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy detects variation in diet and differences by sociodemographic factors

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2002348 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 801-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Lisa M Bodnar ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Low Income ◽

Quality Index ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

Nulliparous Women

AbstractObjective:Methods currently used to assess nutritional status during pregnancy have limitations if one wishes to examine the overall quality of the diet. A Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-P) was developed to reflect current nutritional recommendations for pregnancy and national dietary guidelines.Design:Dietary intake was assessed during the second trimester using a food-frequency questionnaire. The DQI-P includes eight components: % recommended servings of grains, vegetables and fruits, % recommendations for folate, iron and calcium, % energy from fat, and meal/snack patterning score. Scores can range from 0 to 80; each component contributed 10 points.Setting:Two public prenatal clinics in central North Carolina.Subjects:N = 2063 pregnant women who participated in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) Study.Results:The DQI-P quantitatively differentiated diets. The mean score for the population was 56.0 (standard deviation 12.0). Women who were <30 years old, <350% of poverty, nulliparous and high school graduates had significantly higher overall DQI-P scores. Higher percentages of recommended vegetable servings were consumed by higher-income, older and better-educated women. Greater percentages of recommended intakes of folate and iron were seen among black, low-income and nulliparous women. Higher iron intakes were also seen among women who graduated high school and were less than 30 years old. Other differences were observed for intake of fat and meal/snack pattern. Because this index was based on national recommendations, the DQI-P may be a useful tool for research and public health settings to evaluating overall diet quality of pregnant women.

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Development of a Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lívia Castro Crivellenti ◽

Daniela Cristina Candelas Zuccolotto ◽

Daniela Saes Sartorelli

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Brazilian Population ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Maximum Score ◽

Diet Quality Index

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women (IQDAG) and to evaluate its relation with the characteristics of women treated at the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS: The data on food intake come from a cross-sectional study carried out with 785 adult pregnant women in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2012. The index was based on the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, previous national dietary indexes, and the new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. We used the ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests to describe the quality of the diet according to the characteristics of the mother. RESULTS: The IQDAG has nine components, and it is represented by three food groups (in servings/1,000 kcal), five nutrients, and a moderator component. A high proportion of pregnant women reached the maximum score for the components of legumes and vegetables. However, few women reached the maximum score for consumption of fresh fruits, fiber, omega-3, calcium, folate, iron, and ultra-processed foods. We verified a better quality of diet among older and eutrophic pregnant women who reported practicing more physical activity and taking dietary supplements. We also observed the highest index score among women with higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins C, E, and A, and minerals calcium, folate, and iron, as well as among those with lower intake of total fats and saturated fats. CONCLUSIONS: This dietary index is unprecedented in incorporating the recommendation of the new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population regarding the moderation of the consumption of ultra-processed foods. It was useful in evaluating the quality of the diet of pregnant women and we verified a higher score among older and eutrophic women who reported a healthy lifestyle. Strategies are needed to promote a higher consumption of fresh fruits, foods high in fiber, omega-3, calcium, folate, iron, and minimally processed foods in pregnant women.

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Self-perception of food intake and dietary quality

International Journal of Nutrology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1705066 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 006-012

Author(s):

Marcela Ribeiro da Costa ◽

Crésio de Aragão Dantas Alves

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

General Information ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Self Perception ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Diet Quality Index

ABSTRACT Introduction: Self-perception of dietary quality has been associated with weight and body composition, as well as dietary pattern. Both the gain and maintenance over the long term of excess weight have been frequently associated to dietary and life habits of individuals, which justifies the improvement of assessment methods. Methods: Convenience sample consisting of 14 women who took classes at Contours® gym, aged 18-45 years. Data collection was performed in two stages: the first consisted in the application of questionnaires designed specifically for the research on socioeconomic data, general information on health and the regular use of drugs, self-perception of dietary habits and a 24-hour recall. In the second stage, collection of the 24-hour diet recall was performed. The Revised Diet Quality Index (RDQ-I) was used in the assessment of dietary standards. Results: In the assessment of eating habits, 85.7% of the respondents were classified as healthy. Most of them, 78.57%, rated their dietary pattern as positive, 14.3% were not able to rate it and 7.13% rated it negatively. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that there was a moderate positive correlation between the RDQ-I (Revised Diet Quality Index) and self-perception. Conclusions: There is a statistical significant correlation of dietary pattern and dietary quality.

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Evaluation of a nutrient-based diet quality index in UK young children and investigation into the diet quality of consumers of formula and infant foods

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015003134 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1785-1794 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eric O Verger ◽

Simone Eussen ◽

Bridget A Holmes

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Nutritional Adequacy ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Infant Foods ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo adapt and evaluate a nutrient-based diet quality index (PANDiet) for UK young children and to determine the nutritional adequacy of their diets according to consumption of young child formula (YCF) and commercial infant foods (CIF).DesignContent and construct validity of the PANDiet were assessed by studying associations between the PANDiet and its components, energy intake, food intakes, and child and maternal characteristics. Four groups of children were defined according to their intake of YCF and CIF: (i) no consumption; (ii) consumption of YCF; (iii) consumption of CIF; and (iv) consumption of YCF and CIF. Child and maternal characteristics, PANDiet scores and food intakes of these four groups were compared.SettingSecondary analysis of data from the UK Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children (DNSIYC, 2011).SubjectsYoung children (n 1152) aged 12–18 months.ResultsThe PANDiet was adapted to the UK based on twenty-five nutrients. A lower PANDiet score was linked to lower intakes of YCF, CIF, vegetables and fruits. Determinants of having a lower score were being older, having siblings and having a younger mother with a lower educational level. Compared with children consuming neither YCF nor CIF, PANDiet scores were higher in children consuming CIF (+1·4), children consuming YCF (+7·2) and children consuming YCF and CIF (+7·8; all P<0·001).ConclusionsThe PANDiet is a valid indicator of the nutrient adequacy of the diet of UK young children. Consuming CIF was not found to be associated with lower nutritional adequacy whereas consuming YCF was associated with higher nutritional adequacy.

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Diet quality as measured by the Diet Quality Index–International is associated with prospective changes in body fat among Canadian children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016002500 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 456-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Solmaz Setayeshgar ◽

Katerina Maximova ◽

John Paul Ekwaru ◽

Katherine Gray-Donald ◽

Mélanie Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Mass ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Quebec City ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Dietary Adequacy ◽

Diet Quality Index

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity.DesignChildren participating in the QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) study underwent examination at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Dietary quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index–International (DQII) using three non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls at baseline. The DQII has four main categories: dietary adequacy, variety, moderation and overall balance. Fat mass index (FMI; [fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), central FMI (CFMI; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), percentage body fat (%BF; [total fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) and percentage central BF (%CBF; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.SettingChildren were selected from schools in the greater Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City metropolitan areas between 2005 and 2008, Quebec, Canada.SubjectsA total of 546 children aged 8–10 years, including 244 girls and 302 boys.ResultsRegression analysis adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity and Tanner stage revealed that every 10-unit improvement in overall DQII score was associated with lower gain in CFMI (β=−0·08; 95 % CI −0·17, −0·003) and %BF (β=−0·55; 95 % CI −1·08, −0·02). Each unit improvement in dietary adequacy score was associated with lower gain in FMI (β=−0·05; 95 % CI −0·08, −0·008), CFMI (β=−0·03; 95 % CI −0·05, −0·007), %BF (β=−0·15; 95 % CI −0·28, −0·03) and %CBF (β=−0·09; 95 % CI −0·15, −0·02).ConclusionsPromotion of dietary quality and adequacy may reduce weight gain in childhood and prevent chronic diseases later in life.

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The Development and Evaluation of a Diet Quality Index for Asian Toddlers and Its Perinatal Correlates: The GUSTO Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030535 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ling-Wei Chen ◽

Si Fung ◽

Doris Fok ◽

Lai Leong ◽

Jia Toh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Food Groups ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

Childhood Diet ◽

24 Hour Recall

Early childhood diet may have lifelong influences on health outcomes, yet development of indices to assess diet quality is scarce in toddlers, especially in Asian countries. We aimed to develop and evaluate a Diet Quality Index (DQI) in a multi-ethnic Asian mother–offspring cohort and identify perinatal correlates of early childhood diet. Based primarily on the Singapore dietary guidelines, the DQI includes seven food components: rice, bread and alternatives; fruit; vegetables; meat and alternatives; milk and dairy products; whole grains; and foods high in sugar. The DQI was developed using parental report of Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) data for 18-month-old toddlers (n = 561). The mean ± SD of DQI for the study toddlers was 44.2 ± 8.9 (theoretical range: 0–65). A higher DQI (better diet quality) was associated with higher intakes of several nutrients and food groups (e.g., vegetables, dietary fibre, and beta-carotene; all p < 0.001). Further construct validity was demonstrated by substantial agreement between the FFQ-DQI and 24-hour-recall-DQI (Intraclass-correlation-coefficient: 0.70). Independent predictors of lower DQI included higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI [β(95% CI): −0.23(−0.39, −0.07)], Malay ethnicity [−1.88(−3.67, −0.09)], lower household income [−1.97(−3.91, −0.03)], lower education level [−2.57(−4.85, −0.28)] and never breastfeeding [−6.17(−11.06, −1.28)]. We developed a valid DQI for assessing the overall quality of the diets of Asian toddlers.

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