Long-chain SFA at thesn-1, 3 positions of TAG reduce body fat deposition in C57BL/6 mice

The present study aimed to determine the effect of positional distribution of long-chain SFA in TAG, especially at thesn-1, 3 positions, on fat deposition using the C57BL/6 mouse model. Throughout the 15 weeks of the study, mice were fed with diets fortified with palm olein (POo), chemically interesterified POo (IPOo) and soyabean oil (SOY). Mice receiving the SOY-enriched diet gained significantly higher amounts of subcutaneous fat (P= 0·011) and total fat (P= 0·013) compared with the POo group, despite similar body mass gain being recorded. During normalisation with food consumption to obtain the fat:feed ratio, mice fed with the POo-enriched diet exhibited significantly lower visceral (P= 0·044), subcutaneous (P= 0·006) and total (P= 0·003) fat:feed than those fed with the SOY-enriched diet. It is noteworthy that mice fed with the IPOo-enriched diet gained 14·3 % more fat per food consumed when compared with the POo group (P= 0·013), despite their identical total fatty acid compositions. This was mainly attributed to the higher content of long-chain SFA at thesn-1, 3 positions of TAG in POo, which results in delayed absorption after deacylation as evidenced by the higher amounts of long-chain SFA excreted in the faeces of mice fed with the POo-enriched diet. Negative correlations were found between the subcutaneous, visceral as well as total fat accretion per food consumption and the total SFA content at thesn-1, 3 positions, while no relationships were found for MUFA and PUFA. The present results show that the positional distribution of long-chain SFA exerts a more profound effect on body fat accretion than the total SFA content.

Download Full-text

THE ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FAT IN EWE AND RAM LAMBS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-044 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 381-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. D. M. JONES

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Body Cavity ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Growth Coefficient ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Kidney Fat ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Ram Lambs ◽

Total Fat

Sixteen ewes and 22 rams (crossbred lambs) were grouped by sex and fed a diet based on grain and hay. All animals were slaughtered over a 4-wk period to give a range of slaughter weights (24.0–61.8 kg). After slaughter, one side of each carcass was broken into the four primal wholesale cuts (leg, loin, rib, shoulder) with the rest of the carcass discarded as trim. The four wholesale cuts were separated into fat (subcutaneous fat (SF), intermuscular fat (IF), kidney fat (KF) and body cavity fat (BCF)) muscle and bone. Depot fat accretion in the carcass was investigated using the allometric equation with side weight and side fat weight as the independent variables. Total rate of fat deposition relative to side weight was higher in ewes than rams, and ewes had more total fat than rams when comparisons were made at the same side weight (10.03 kg). However, growth coefficients for depot fat accumulation in a side and in the wholesale cuts relative to side fat were homogeneous between sexes indicating that sex did not affect the relative accumulation of fat. SF, however, had the highest growth coefficient (1.23) and IF the lowest (0.74). At equal total side fat ewes had significantly more IF in a side than rams, but overall the differences in the distribution of fat in the wholesale cuts were minor and commercially unimportant. It was concluded that the ewes had a faster rate of fat deposition than rams but both sexes followed the same pattern of differential fat accumulation, and that the distribution of fat was dependent mainly on the total amount of fat in a carcass. Key words: Fat, lambs, carcass

Download Full-text

Stearic acids at sn-1, 3 positions of TAG are more efficient at limiting fat deposition than palmitic and oleic acids in C57BL/6 mice

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003668 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (7) ◽

pp. 1174-1180 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shiou-Wah Gouk ◽

Sit-Foon Cheng ◽

Augustine Soon-Hock Ong ◽

Cheng-Hock Chuah

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Acyl Chain ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽

High Oleic ◽

Total Fat ◽

Chain Lengths ◽

Long Chain

In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-acyl chain SFA, namely palmitic acid (16 : 0) and stearic acid (18 : 0), at sn-1, 3 positions of TAG on obesity. Throughout the 15 weeks of the experimental period, C57BL/6 mice were fed diets fortified with cocoa butter, sal stearin (SAL), palm mid fraction (PMF) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOS). The sn-1, 3 positions were varied by 16 : 0, 18 : 0 and 18 : 1, whilst the sn-2 position was preserved with 18 : 1. The HOS-enriched diet was found to lead to the highest fat deposition. This was in accordance with our previous postulation. Upon normalisation of total fat deposited with food intake to obtain the fat:feed ratio, interestingly, mice fed the SAL-enriched diet exhibited significantly lower visceral fat/feed and total fat/feed compared with those fed the PMF-enriched diet, despite their similarity in SFA–unsaturated fatty acid–SFA profile. That long-chain SFA at sn-1, 3 positions concomitantly with an unsaturated FA at the sn-2 position exert an obesity-reducing effect was further validated. The present study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that SFA of different chain lengths at sn-1, 3 positions exert profound effects on fat accretion.

Download Full-text

The distribution of body fat in Scottish Blackface and Finnish Landrace lambs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100011569 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 301-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

T. H. McClelland ◽

A. J. F. Russel

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Weight Range ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Breed Differences ◽

Reverse Situation

SUMMARYSeven Scottish Blackface and seven Finnish Landrace wether lambs were slaughtered over the weight range 26 to 41 kg. Total chemical fat deposition in relation to fleece-free empty body weight was found to be similar for both breeds, pooled data giving the significant relationship y = 1·28+0·46x, where y was the percentage chemical fat in the fleece-free empty body and x the fleece-free empty body weight.Statistically significant differences in the rate of chemical fat deposition in different depots were found between breeds. The Scottish Blackface was found to deposit relatively more fat in muscular plus associated fatty tissue than the Finnish Landrace while the reverse situation occurred in respect of fat deposition in omental plus mesenteric fatty tissues and perirenal fatty tissues.No breed differences were found in the rate of deposition of subcutaneous fat or fat in bone or in the remainder (head, skin and viscera).

Download Full-text

A note on the use of a lumbar joint as a predictor of body fat depots in Aragonesa ewes with different body condition scores

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100032487 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 327-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Delfa ◽

A. Teixeira ◽

F. Colomer-Rocher

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Total Fat ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Body Condition Scores

The lumbar joint, which is handled to assess body condition scores, was taken from 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes with body condition scores between 1·5 and 4·5 and dissected into muscle, bone, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. The subcutaneous fat in the lumbar joint was highly correlated with total fat in the body (r=0·97), confirming the value of this region for assessing body condition in Rasa Aragonesa ewes.

Download Full-text

Fat synthesis in different depots of cattle fed grass silage and dried grass diets

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600030993 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 132-132

Author(s):

H.M.R. Greathead ◽

J.M. Dawson ◽

V.A. Sessions ◽

F.T. Tye ◽

N.D. Scollan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Whole Body ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Fat Accretion

Cattle fed grass silage generally have higher fatrprotein ratios than cattle fed other forage-based diets. This has been shown to be at least partly due to impaired protein accretion (Gill et al., 1987). It is however unclear whether differences in fat accretion are also responsible. This experiment was designed to compare rates of whole body fat metabolism, rates of fat deposition and carcass composition between grass silage and dried grass diets fed over a range of ME intakes.

Download Full-text

PATTERNS OF CARCASS FAT DEPOSITION IN HEIFERS, STEERS AND BULLS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas79-044 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. T. BERG ◽

S. D. M. JONES ◽

M. A. PRICE ◽

R. T. HARDIN ◽

R. FUKUHARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Rate ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Body Cavity ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Total Rate ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Adjusted Means ◽

Kidney Fat ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Total Fat

Seventy-five young, full-fed, Shorthorn-sired cattle (36 heifers, 24 steers, 15 bulls) were slaughtered over a wide liveweight range (150–550 kg) to evaluate the influence of sex on the patterns of fat deposition. Growth coefficients for depot fat relative to half-carcass fat were homogeneous, and there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the adjusted means of depot fat at constant total fat. This indicates that depot fat partitioning among sexes is probably minor, provided comparisons are made at equal fatness. Total rate of fat deposition relative to muscle was similar for heifers and steers, but significantly (P < 0.01) lower for bulls. It is concluded that differences in fattening patterns among sexes result from a combination of fattening at a lighter weight of carcass muscle in heifers than steers and steers than bulls, and from a more rapid rate of fat deposition relative to muscle in heifers and steers than bulls. Relative to half-carcass fat, the rate of fat deposition was greatest in the subcutaneous depot in all sexes followed by intermuscular fat and finally body cavity fat. Relative growth of kidney fat was variable among the sexes, but it was generally similar to the subcutaneous depot. Relative rate of intermuscular fat deposition was greater in the forequarter than the hindquarter, while relative rate of subcutaneous fat deposition was similar in both the fore- and hindquarters.

Download Full-text

Fat synthesis in different depots of cattle fed grass silage and dried grass diets

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200593284 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 132-132

Author(s):

H.M.R. Greathead ◽

J.M. Dawson ◽

V.A. Sessions ◽

F.T. Tye ◽

N.D. Scollan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Whole Body ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Fat Accretion

Download Full-text

Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity of Australian Dorset Horn rams and wethers. 3. Fat partitioning

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100031925 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 129-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. M. Butterfield ◽

J. M. Thompson ◽

K. J. Reddacliff

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Mesenteric Fat ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fat ◽

Total Body

ABSTRACTThe effect of castration on fat partitioning in mature animals and on the maturing patterns for fat depots relative to total body fat was examined using slaughter and dissection data from 20 Dorset Horn rams and 20 Dorset Horn wethers. Animals were slaughtered at 6 kg intervals from 18 kg live weight to maturity. Five rams and eight wethers were classified as mature.In the mature animals the partitioning of fat differed for the rams and wethers in that the rams had a lower proportion of subcutaneous fat, and higher proportion of intermuscular and mesenteric fat than the wethers. However, the proportions of total carcass dissectible fat (i.e. subcutaneous plus intermuscular fat) and of the total non-carcass depots (i.e. kidney plus channel fat, omental, scrotal and thoracic fat) did not significantly differ between rams and wethers.The maturity coefficients of individual fat depots of rams and wethers were not significantly different and six of the nine depots were average maturing relative to total body fat. The intermuscular and thoracic fat depots were early maturing (maturity coeffient q= 1·19, 2·26 respectively), and the omental depot was late maturing (q= 0·52).Comparison of the partitioning of fat in rams and wethers reflected the differences in the mature animals when made at either the mean weight or at the mean stage of maturity, as the maturing patterns of most depots were not greatly different from that of total fat.

Download Full-text

Application of N-carbamylglutamate in Rex rabbits to reduce body fat deposition and its possible mechanism

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520000860 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Youming Wang ◽

Qianqian Xu ◽

Qiang Shao ◽

Xinrui Lang ◽

Wenqiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Perirenal Fat

AbstractN-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) has been shown to enhance arginine synthesis and improve growth performance in animals. However, the effect of NCG on body fat deposition remains unknown. This study examined the effects of NCG on body fat deposition and evaluated the potential mechanisms involved. Rex rabbits (3 months old) were assigned to one of four dietary groups and supplemented with NCG at the following different concentrations in a feeding trial that lasted 67 d: 0 (control), 0·04, 0·08, and 0·12 %. NCG supplementation increased serum concentrations of arginine and proline by activating intestinal carbamoylphosphate synthase-І at the posttranscriptional level. Final body weights and growth performance were not affected by dietary NCG levels. However, NCG-treated rabbits had lower perirenal and subcutaneous fat percentages, serum TAG content, and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity and increased NO synthase activity and serum levels of NO, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). There were significant positive correlations between TAG content and perirenal fat percentage, as well as FAS activity and perirenal fat percentage, but significant negative correlations between TAG and NO levels, and FAS activity and IGF-1 level in rabbits after NCG treatment. NCG supplementation did not affect hepatic health indicators, except for serum ammonia concentrations, which were decreased in NCG-treated rabbits. Our results suggest that NCG can serve as a dietary supplement to reduce unfavourable fat deposition through inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis in animals since it appears to have no negative effects on growth performance or hepatic health.

Download Full-text

FATTENING PATTERNS IN CATTLE. 2. FAT DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE WHOLESALE CUTS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-100 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 851-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. D. M. JONES ◽

M. A. PRICE ◽

R. T. BERG

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Variable Coefficients ◽

Body Cavity ◽

Grading System ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Fat Accretion ◽

Total Fat

A trial is reported comparing fat distribution in carcasses from bulls and heifers of two breed-types: Hereford (HE) and Dairy Synthetic (DY). Twelve bulls and twelve heifers of each breed were grouped four to a pen at weaning (163 ± 15.1 (SE) days), and serially slaughtered from that time to approximately 16 mo of age. After slaughter, one side of each carcass was broken into eight wholesale cuts, which were separated into fat (subcutaneous fat (SF), intermuscular fat (IF), and body cavity fat (BCF)), muscle and bone. Depot fat accretion in each cut was investigated using the allometric equation with side fat weight as the independent variable. Coefficients for SF were significantly higher in the rib, chuck and flank for HE carcasses than for DY carcasses and higher in the rib and flank for heifers than for bulls. At equal total side fat, HE carcasses had significantly more SF in the brisket and in the loin than DY animals. Heifers had significantly more fat in the loin than bulls. Differences among coefficients for IF relative to total fat were minor for both breed and sex. At equal total side fat, HE carcasses had less fat distributed intermuscularly than DY carcasses and had less IF in the brisket than heifers. The results are discussed in relation to the Canadian beef grading system.

Download Full-text