Ferric citrate decreases ruminal hydrogen sulphide concentrations in feedlot cattle fed diets high in sulphate

Dissimilatory reduction of sulphate by sulphate-reducing bacteria in the rumen produces sulphide, which can lead to a build-up of the toxic gas hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the rumen when increased concentrations of sulphate are consumed by ruminants. We hypothesised that adding ferric Fe would competitively inhibit ruminal sulphate reduction. The effects of five concentrations and two sources (ferric citrate or ferric ammonium citrate) of ferric Fe were examinedin vitro(n6 per treatment). Rumen fluid was collected from a steer that was adapted to a high-concentrate, high-sulphate diet (0·51 % S). The addition of either source of ferric Fe decreased (P< 0·01) H2S concentrations without affecting gas production (P= 0·38), fluid pH (P= 0·80) orin vitroDM digestibility (P= 0·38) after a 24 h incubation. Anin vivoexperiment was conducted using eight ruminally fistulated steers (543 (sem12) kg) in a replicated Latin square with four periods and four treatments. The treatments included a high-concentrate, high-sulphate control diet (0·46 % S) or the control diet plus ferric ammonium citrate at concentrations of 200, 300 or 400 mg Fe/kg diet DM. The inclusion of ferric Fe did not affect DM intake (P= 0·21). There was a linear (P< 0·01) decrease in the concentration of ruminal H2S as the addition of ferric Fe concentrations increased. Ferric citrate appears to be an effective way to decrease ruminal H2S concentrations, which could allow producers to safely increase the inclusion of ethanol co-products.

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Persistence of contamination of hens' egg albumen in vitro with Salmonella serotypes

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880004989x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

J. L. Lock ◽

R. G. Board

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Ammonium Citrate ◽

Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽

Egg Albumen ◽

Ferric Ammonium ◽

Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYA study was made of the persistence of different Salmonella serotypes in hens' egg albumen in vitro at 4, 20 and 30 °C. The majority of serotypes remained viable but did not increase in numbers at 20 and 30 °C for 42 days. At 4 °C many of the serotypes died out.The addition of ferric ammonium citrate on the 42nd day of incubation induced multiplication of organisms incubated at 20 and 30 °C, but not at 4 °C. The pH and glucose concentration of the albumen diminished only when heavy growth occurred.Salmonella enteritidis remained viable on the air cell membrane in vitro for 17 days at 4, 20 and 30 °C. Thirty percent of the organisms also remained motile in albumen for 42 days at 25 °C and up to 5% of the cells remained motile for up to 20 days at 4 °C.

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Impact of Supplementation of Hemp Seeds (Cannavis sativa L.) on In Vitro Gas Fermentation Parameters and Digestibility using Foregut Fluid from Dromdary Camel

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2020.33.1.08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 98-106

Author(s):

Tahereh Mohammadabadi

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Gas Production ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Gas Fermentation

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of hemp seeds on in vitro biogas production, and digestibility of one-humped camel. Two female fistulated dromedary camels (300 kg) were fed with a forage diet (60 wheat straw and 40 alfalfa) for 1 month. Then rumen fluid was supplied from camels prior to the morning meal. Experimental samples were control diet and diet containing 10 % hemp seeds. Glass vials 100 ml containing 30 ml buffered rumen fluid was used. Gas production parameters were measured by exponential models and digestibility of foregut bacteria of camels were determined. The results showed that addition hemp seeds decreased potential of gas production (P<0.05), but gas production rate was not influenced (P>0.05). Actually digested organic matter and microbial biomass of diet containing hemp seeds were more than a control diet (P<0.05).While, hemp seeds supplementation had the greatest digestibility by cellulolytic bacteria of camel, after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation. The results also showed hemp seeds decreased ammonia nitrogen concentration as compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). Therefore, adding hemp seeds in the camel diet caused to reduce gas emission and ammonia nitrogen production in foregut and increased cellulolytic bacteria digestibility; so hemp seeds may be used in camel diets and will influence camel growth performance and decrease gas emissions in the environment.

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Effects of alterations in cellular iron on biosynthesis of the transferrin receptor in K562 cells

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.5.4.595-600.1985 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 595-600

Author(s):

K K Rao ◽

D Shapiro ◽

E Mattia ◽

K Bridges ◽

R Klausner

Keyword(s):

K562 Cells ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Ammonium Citrate ◽

Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽

Cellular Iron ◽

Erythroleukemia Cell ◽

Ferric Ammonium ◽

Translatable Mrna ◽

In Cells

Treatment of K562 cells, a human erythroleukemia cell line, with desferrioxamine raised the levels of the receptor for transferrin (Tf) two- to threefold over that of the control cells. The levels of receptor were reduced by at least 50 and 35% of that of the control in cells treated with diferric Tf and ferric ammonium citrate, respectively. These changes were of total cellular receptors with no alteration in the proportion of receptors found on the cell surface. The half-lives of the receptor were identical in cells treated with desferrioxamine, diferric Tf, or ferric ammonium citrate. Cells metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine showed a 2.5-fold increase in the rate of receptor synthesis when treated with desferrioxamine and a 35 and 65% decrease when treated with ferric ammonium citrate and diferric Tf, respectively. In vitro translations of polyadenylated mRNA isolated from cells incubated with desferrioxamine showed a 2.5-fold increase in translatable mRNA for the receptor, whereas treatment of cells with ferric ammonium citrate and diferric Tf resulted in a 25 and 50% reduction, respectively, in translatable mRNA for this receptor.

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Effects of alterations in cellular iron on biosynthesis of the transferrin receptor in K562 cells.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.5.4.595 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 595-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

K K Rao ◽

D Shapiro ◽

E Mattia ◽

K Bridges ◽

R Klausner

Keyword(s):

K562 Cells ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Ammonium Citrate ◽

Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽

Cellular Iron ◽

Erythroleukemia Cell ◽

Ferric Ammonium ◽

Translatable Mrna ◽

In Cells

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New advances in thein-vitroculture ofDientamoeba fragilis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182012000145 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 139 (7) ◽

pp. 864-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

VARUNI S. MUNASINGHE ◽

D. STARK ◽

J. T. ELLIS

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Ammonium Citrate ◽

Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Ferric Ammonium ◽

Gastrointestinal Complaints

SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis an intestinal protozoan in humans that is commonly associated with diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal complaints. Studies conducted to investigate the biology of this parasite are limited by methods forin vitrocultivation. The objective of this study was to improve a biphasic culture medium, based on the Loeffler's slope, by further supplementation in order to increase the yield of trophozoites in culture. The currentin vitroculture ofD. fragilisis a xenic culture with a mix of bacteria. Three different liquid overlays were evaluated including Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS), PBS and Dulbecco's modified PBS (DPBS), for their ability to support thein vitrogrowth ofD. fragilistrophozoites. Out of these 3 overlays EBSS gave the highest increase in the trophozoite numbers. The effect of supplementation was analysed by supplementing EBSS with ascorbic acid, ferric ammonium citrate, L-cysteine, cholesterol and alpha-lipoic acid and quantification ofin vitrogrowth by cell counts. A new liquid overlay is here described based upon EBSS supplemented with cholesterol and ferric ammonium citrate that, in conjunction with the Loeffler's slope, supports the growth ofD. fragilistrophozoitesin vitro. This modified overlay supported a 2-fold increase in the numbers of trophozoite in culture from all 4D. fragilisisolates tested, when compared to a PBS overlay. These advances enable the harvest of a larger number of trophozoites needed for further studies on this parasite.

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Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen excretion of finishing beef cattle

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab036 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B N Harsh ◽

B J Klatt ◽

M J Volk ◽

A R Green-Miller ◽

J C McCann

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽

Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract The objective was to quantify the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist (β-AA) ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) on nitrogen excretion and nutrient digestibility in feedlot cattle. In experiment 1, twelve Simmental × Angus steers were blocked by bodyweight (531 ± 16 kg) and used in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included: 1) a control without β-AA (CON) or 2) 400 mg/steer/d ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 35 d before slaughter. Diets contained (DM basis) 55% dry rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% modified wet distillers grains with solubles, and 10% supplement. For each block, total collection of feed, orts, feces and urine were conducted for two 5 d sampling periods during week 2 and 4 of RAC supplementation. No interaction (P > 0.21) between treatment and collection period was observed for any parameter evaluated. Dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.51) on DMI, but RAC had decreased fecal DM output (P = 0.04) compared with CON. Thus, RAC had greater apparent total tract DM digestibility (77.2 vs. 73.5%; P < 0.01), N digestibility (72.4 vs. 69.4%; P = 0.01), and NDF digestibility (65.6 vs. 60.2%; P < 0.01) than CON. Although treatment did not affect nitrogen intake (P = 0.52), RAC tended to reduce total nitrogen excretion (113.3 vs. 126.7 g/d; P = 0.10) compared with CON due to a tendency for decreased fecal nitrogen output (53.9 vs. 61.3 g/d; P = 0.10). However, dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.53) on urinary nitrogen output or percentage of urinary nitrogen excreted as urea (P = 0.28). Experiment 2 was an in vitro experiment conducted to validate the effects of RAC on nutrient digestibility using Simmental × Angus heifers (451 ± 50 kg). Rumen fluid was collected individually by stomach tube from CON- (n = 9) and RAC-fed (n = 10) heifers to inoculate bottles containing a CON or RAC-containing substrate in a split-plot design. No interaction between rumen fluid source and in vitro substrate was observed. Greater IVDMD (P = 0.01) was observed in rumen fluid from RAC-fed heifers compared with rumen fluid from CON-fed heifers. Inclusion of RAC in the in vitro substrate increased IVDMD (P < 0.01). Overall, feeding RAC increased microbial digestion of the dry-rolled corn-based finishing diet to increase total tract dry mater digestion by 5% and reduce nitrogen excretion by 10.6% in the 35 d period prior to slaughter.

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Feeding Value Assessment of Substituting Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Residue for Concentrate of Dairy Cows Using an In Vitro Gas Test

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 307

Author(s):

Yuhui Zheng ◽

Yanyan Zhao ◽

Shenglin Xue ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Yajing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

The Other ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Value Assessment ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Cassava Residue

The feeding value of replacing concentrate with cassava (Manihot esculenta) residue in the feed of Holstein cows was confirmed using an in vitro gas test. The treatments consisted of 0% (control, CON), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% inclusion of cassava residue in fermentation culture medium composed of buffer solution (50 mL) and filtrated rumen fluid (25 mL). The parameters analyzed included the kinetics of gas production and fermentation indexes. Forty-eight hours later, there were no significant differences on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), pH, and microbial crude protein (MCP) content among treatments (p > 0.05). However, the “cumulative gas production at 48 h” (GP48), the “asymptotic gas production” (A), and the “maximum gas production rate” (RmaxG) all increased linearly or quadratically (p < 0.01). The GP48 was significantly higher in the 25% treatment compared to the other treatments, except for the 30% (p < 0.01). The A was significantly larger in the 25% treatment compared to the other treatments, except for the 20% and 30% (p < 0.01). The RmaxG was distinctly larger in the 25% treatment compared to other treatments (p < 0.01); moreover, the “time at which RmaxG is reached” (TRmaxG) and the “time at which the maximum rate of substrate degradation is reached” (TRmaxS) were significantly higher in the 25% treatment than the CON, 20%, and 30% treatments (p < 0.01). Additionally, the content of ammonia-N (NH3-N) in all treatments showed linearly and quadratically decreases (p < 0.01), whereas total volatile fatty acid (VFA), iso-butyrate, butyrate, and iso-valerate contents changed quadratically (p = 0.02, p = 0.05, p = 0.01, and p = 0.02, respectively); all of these values peaked in the 25% treatment. In summary, the 25% treatment was associated with more in vitro gas and VFA production, indicating that this cassava residue inclusion level may be used to replace concentrate in the feed of Holstein cows. However, these results need to be verified in vivo.

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Effect of preservation on fermentative activity of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro gas production techniques

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 123-124 ◽

pp. 107-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Gonzalo Hervás ◽

Pilar Frutos ◽

F. Javier Giráldez ◽

Manuel J. Mora ◽

Begoña Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Fermentative Activity

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PSXIII-8 Effects of different sources of Zn on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 466-466

Author(s):

Angela R Boyer ◽

Yun Jiang ◽

Alon Blakeney ◽

Dennis Nuzback ◽

Brooke Humphrey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Random Effect ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

High Metal Content ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Vistore® minerals are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of zinc (Zn) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before used as donors. Three sources of Zn were tested at 20 ppm: No supplemental Zn (CON), ZnSO4, Vistore Zn, and another Zn hydroxychloride (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Zn in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 40 ppm ZnSO4) to identify the minimum concentration of ZnSo4 affecting rumen fermentation. The lactation diet (TMR) was dried and ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of 3:1 McDougall’s buffer: ruminal flued mixture at 39ºC for 24 h. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with R 3.0. The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of run. ZnSO4 reduced (P < 0.05) maximum gas production, DMD (54 vs. 55.9%) and cellulose (27.5 and 40.7%) digestibility. acetate to propionate ration (2.20 vs. 2.24) and NH3-N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.0 mg/dL), increased (P < 0.05) propionate % (27.2 vs 26.7%) compared to control. Vistore had higher pH than control (6.44 vs. 6.40, P = 0.02) but did not affect other parameters compared to CON. Vistore-competitor reduced total VFA production compared to control, ZnSO4, and Vistore (94 vs. 102, 106 and 107 mM, respectively, P = 0.01) but did not affect other parameters. In general, Vistore Zn maintained in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility, while ZnSO4 had negative effects on both fermentation and digestibility and Vistore-competitor reduced total VFAs. Results indicate hydroxychloride minerals may stabilize rumen parameters versus sulfate sources but different hydroxychloride sources appear to influence rumen parameters differently.

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PSXIV-14 Supplementation of high-grain diet with red osier dogwood affects in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 477-477

Author(s):

Wenzhu Yang

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Positive Control ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Rumen Acidosis ◽

Barley Silage ◽

And Control

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a native shrub plant rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with either raw ROD or ROD extract (RODE) in high-grain (HG) diet under a low media pH (5.8) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: 1) control diet (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), control diet supplemented with 2) monensin (30 mg/kg diet DM; positive control), 3) substitution of 3% ROD or 4) 3% RODE for an equal portion of silage. Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate ground (1 mm) was incubated for 24 h and the experiment repeated twice. The GP did not differ among treatments (147 ml/g DM), but the DMD differed (P < 0.02) at highest for control (69.4%), lowest for ROD (58.4%) and intermediate for other treatments (64.1%). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (mM) tended (P< 0.08) to be lower with ROD (80.5) and monensin (80.1) than control (83.9). Acetate proportion was greater (P = 0.02) with ROD (46.2%) and RODE (46.9%) than control (42.4%) and monensin (42.3%). However, the propionate proportion was greater (P = 0.05) with monensin (32.1%) than other treatments (averaged 30.1%). Consequently, acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) of ROD (1.52) and RODE (1.56) was higher than monensin (1.32; P < 0.01) and control (1.44; P < 0.08). Differences in variables measured between ROD and RODE were minimal. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased A:P with addition of ROD or RODE suggests that both ROD and RODE may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

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