scholarly journals Effect of in ovo feeding of folic acid on the folate metabolism, immune function and epigenetic modification of immune effector molecules of broiler

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhao Li ◽  
Lihui Zhi ◽  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of folic acid on the folate metabolism, immune function and the involved epigenetic modification of broilers. A total of 400 (Cobb) hatching eggs were randomly divided into four groups (0, 50, 100 and 150 µg injection of folic acid at embryonic age 11 d), and chicks hatched from each treatment were randomly divided into six replicates with 12 broilers/replicate after incubation. The results indicated that, in ovo, 100- and 150-µg folic acid injections improved the hatchability. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio increased in the 150-µg group during the late growth stage. Simultaneously, in the 100- and 150-µg groups, an increase was observed in hepatic folate content and the expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (d1 and 42) and methionine synthase reductase (d21). IgG and IgM concentrations, as well as plasma lysozyme activity of broilers, showed a marked increase along with increasing folic acid levels. The splenic expression levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were up-regulated, whereas that of IL-6 was down-regulated, in the 100- and 150-µg folic acid treatment groups. In addition, histone methylation in IL-2 and IL-4 promoters exhibited an enrichment of H3K4m2 but a loss of H3K9me2 with the increased amount of folic acid additive. In contrast, a decrease in H3K4m2 and an increase in H3K9me2 were observed in the IL-6 promoter in folic acid treatments. Furthermore, in ovo, the 150-µg folic acid injection improved the chromatin tightness of the IL-2 and IL-4 promoter regions. Our findings suggest that IOF of 150 µg of folic acid can improve the growth performance and folate metabolism of broilers, and enhance the relationship between immune function and epigenetic regulation of immune genes, which are involved with the alterations in chromatin conformation and histone methylation in their promoters.

Effects of pantothenic acid and folic acid supplementation on total tract digestibility coefficient, ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, microflora and urinary purine derivatives in dairy bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Wu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
G. W. Zhang ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
G. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Dairy Bulls

AbstractThe effects of pantothenic acid (PA) and folic acid (FA) addition on digestibility coefficient, ruminal fermentation and urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in dairy bulls were evaluated. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein dairy bulls were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets were supplemented with two levels of FA (0 or 8.0 mg/kg dietary dry matter [DM]) and two of PA (0 or 60 mg/kg DM). The PA × FA interaction was not significant for all variables. Both supplements increased DM intake and average daily gain, but decreased a feed conversion ratio. Digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre increased, but ether extract digestibility was unchanged for both supplements. Digestibility of acid detergent fibre only increased with FA supplementation. For both supplements, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) decreased, but total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration increased. Acetate proportion only increased with FA supplementation. Propionate proportion decreased for both supplements. Consequently, the acetate to propionate ratio increased. For both supplements, activity of xylanase and pectinase, population of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus and total PD excretion increased. Additionally, activity of carboxymethylcellulase, cellobiase, α-amylase and protease, and population of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, methanogens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola increased with FA addition. The results suggested that PA and FA supplementation stimulated ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity, resulting in an increased digestibility coefficient and ruminal total VFA concentration in dairy bulls.

scholarly journals Folic Acid Exerts Dose-Dependent Biphasic Effects on Cardiac Development of Zebrafish Embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Han ◽  
Bingqi Wang ◽  
Hongjie Wang ◽  
Yao Zu
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Dose Dependent

Folic acid, one of the 13 essential vitamins, plays an important role in cardiovascular development. Mutations in folic acid synthesis gene 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cardiac development by mthfr gene are poorly understood. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to excessive folate or folate metabolism inhibitors. And we established a knock-out mutant of mthfr gene in zebrafish by using CRISPR/Cas9. The zebrafish embryos of insufficient or excessive folic acid, and mthfr-/- mutant all gave rise to early pericardial edema and cardiac defect at 3 days after fertilization(dpf). Furthermore, the folic acid treated embryos showed abnormal movement at 5dpf. The expression levels of cardiac marker genes hand2, gata4 and nppa changed in the abnormality of folate metabolism embryos and mthfr-/- mutant, and there is evidence that they are related to the change of methylation level caused by the change of folate metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides a novel model for the in-depth study of MTHFR gene and folate metabolism. And our results reveal that folic acid has a dose-dependent biphasic effect on early cardiac development.

scholarly journals The High Level of Xylooligosaccharides Improves Growth Performance in Weaned Piglets by Increasing Antioxidant Activity, Enhancing Immune Function, and Modulating Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaman Pang ◽  
Xingjian Zhou ◽  
Hao Ye ◽  
Yujun Wu ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Weaning Piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the high level of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, antioxidant capability, immune function, and fecal microbiota in weaning piglets. The results showed that 28 d body weight exhibited linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary XOS level, as well as average daily feed intake (ADFI) on d 15–28, average daily gain (ADG) on d 15–28 and 1–28. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) between XOS levels and feed conversion rate (FCR) on d 1–14 and 1–28. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) showed a linear increase (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level decreased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increasing dietary level of XOS. Moreover, the XOS treatments markedly increased the levels of immunoglobulin A (Ig A) (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.05), IgM (quadratic, P < 0.05), IgG (linear, P < 0.05), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (quadratic, P < 0.05) in serum, while the IL-1β (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.05) and IL-6 (linear, P < 0.05) decreased with increasing level of XOS. Microbiota analysis showed that dietary supplementation with 1.5% XOS decreased (P < 0.05) the α-diversity and enriched (P < 0.05) beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Fusicatenibacter at the genus level, compared with the control group. Importantly, linearly increasing responses (P < 0.05) to fecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were observed with increasing level of XOS. Spearman correlation analyses found that Lactobacillus abundance was positively correlated with ADG, acetate, propionate, and IgA (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with IL-1β (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterium abundance was positively related with ADFI, total SCFAs, IgG, and IL-10 (P < 0.05), as well as g_Fusicatenibacter abundance with ADFI, total SCFAs, and IL-10. However, Bifidobacterium and Fusicatenibacter abundances were negatively associated with MDA levels (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with XOS can improve the growth performance in weaning piglets by increasing antioxidant capability, enhancing immune function, and promoting beneficial bacteria counts.

scholarly journals Individualized Folic Acid Supplementation based on Polymorphisms of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) and Methionine Synthase Reductase (MTRR), Compared with Traditional Folic Acid Supplementation, Reduces Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Yu ◽  
Le Diao ◽  
Baoying Du ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaoqin Xv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Mtrr A66g

Abstract Backgroud: Folic Acid (FA) may contribute to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but existing studies are inconsistent. We examined the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, A1298C and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphisms of pregnant women in China, and compared the effects of individualized folate supplementation and traditional FA supplementation on GDM.Methods: The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G polymorphisms in 968 pregnant women (case group) were tested. FA metabolism was ranked at four levels, and then pregnant women of different levels are supplemented with different doses of FA at different periods. The case group was followed up for pregnancy complications and compared with 1,940 pregnant women traditionally supplemented with FA in the same hospital (control group).Results: The allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T were 63.3% (C) and 36.7% (T), those of MTHFR A1298C were 79.3% (A) and 20.7% (C), and those of MTRR A66G were 75.0% (A) and 25.0% (G). Compared with control group, the incidence of GDM in the case group were significantly lower, especially in high-risk pregnant women after FA supplementation.Conclusion: Traditional FA supplementation based on personal habits is controversial, but the use of polymorphisms of genes to clarify the FA metabolism of pregnant women, appropriate, timely and accurate supplementation of FA can effectively reduce gestational diabetes, especially for high-risk pregnant women.

scholarly journals Association between Maternal and Fetal MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G Polymorphisms with the Risk of NTDs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Mthfr C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Mtrr A66g

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are classed as multifactorial birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that arise during embryonic development. Although the etiology is not well understood, NTDs are reported to be prevented by maternal folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy. This meta-analysis study aimed to assess the association between fetal and maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphisms with the risk of NTDs. Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, and Springer Link databases were searched (from March 2000 to November 2020) for the literature on the association between MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G polymorphisms with the risk of NTDs. Results: In total, 33 studies were reviewed in the present study, and it was revealed that, unlike MTRR A66G polymorphism, MTHFR C677T was statistically associated with the risk of NTDs in the overall population. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the Indian subcontinent subgroup with maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the European subgroup with fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly susceptible to NTDs. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that, unlike MTRR A66G, maternal and fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with NTDs. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that folic acid deprivation can be considered the main cause of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in some areas.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF SOCIAL-MEDICAL AND GENETIC RISKS OF REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES

ScienceRise ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Tarana Dzhafar Kyzy Alieva
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Medical Genetic ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Folate Cycle ◽  
Technological Product

Object of research: homozygous and heterozygous disorders of genes encoding the enzymes of the folate cycle, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine-synthase-reductase (MTRR). Solved problem: an in-depth study of genetically determined risk factor’s influence for reproductive losses associated with homozygous and heterozygous disorders of folate cycle genes. Main scientific results: in-depth study of genetically determined reproductive losses as a systemic phenomenon was held. The structural characteristics of reproductive losses in population and significant predominance of pathology in the pedigrees of those examined with a burdened obstetric history of reproductive losses were determined. Also, a significant increase in the chances of reproductive loss in patients with heterozygous and homozygous inheritance of MTHFR and MTRR genes was determined. A correlation effect on the degree of genomic polymorphism of the MTHFR and MTRR gene was noted. Area of practical use of research results: medical-genetic institutions. Innovative technological product: determination of genetically risk factors for growth of reproductive losses of the population associated with homozygous and heterozygous disorders of genes encoding the enzymes of the folate cycle (MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G). Timely adjustment of folic acid levels allows to prevent birth defects and reduce reproductive losses Scope of application of the innovative technological product: clinical medical-genetic practice using the ability to determine the polymorphism of genes MTHFR and MTRR, which makes it possible to timely adjust the level of folic acid and prevent the reproductive losses.

Effects of rumen-protected folic acid and betaine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Angus bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
G. W. Zhang ◽  
H. S. Du ◽  
Z. Z. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Total Fungi

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) and betaine (BT) on growth performance, nutrient digestion and blood metabolites in bulls. Forty-eight Angus bulls were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. BT of 0 or 0·6 g/kg DM was supplemented to diet without or with the addition of 6 mg/kg DM of folic acid from RPFA, respectively. Average daily gain increased by 25·2 and 6·29 % for addition of BT without RPFA and with RPFA, respectively. Digestibility and ruminal total volatile fatty acids of neutral-detergent fibre and acid-detergent fibre increased, feed conversion ratio and blood folate decreased with the addition of BT without RPFA, but these parameters were unchanged with BT addition in diet with RPFA. Digestibility of DM, organic matter and crude protein as well as acetate:propionate ratio increased with RPFA or BT addition. Ruminal ammonia-N decreased with RPFA addition. Activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and protease as well as population of total bacteria, protozoa, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus increased with RPFA or BT addition. Laccase activity and total fungi, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Prevotella ruminicola population increased with RPFA addition, whereas Ruminococcus albus population increased with BT addition. Blood glucose, total protein, albumin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 increased with RPFA addition. Addition of RPFA or BT decreased blood homocysteine. The results indicated that addition of BT stimulated growth and nutrient digestion in bulls only when RPFA was not supplemented.

scholarly journals Effect of BioPlus YC Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota, Production Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Artur Rybarczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Bogusławska-Wąs ◽  
Alicja Dłubała
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on microbiological properties of feed mixtures and on the digestive tract content as applicable to production traits and carcass characteristics of fatteners. The experiment was performed on 83,838 fatteners from four successive (insertions) productions in two groups. From the seventy eighth day of age till marketing to the slaughter plant, the pigs were supplied with BioPlus YC probiotic (Chr. Hansen) in the amount of 400 g/t. The preparation contained a complex of probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis DSM 5749, and Bacillus subtilis DSM 5750 spores in a 1:1 ratio. From the fourth insertion, after reaching a body weight of approximately 112 kg, 60 fatteners were selected from each group to measure carcass quality and half of them for meat quality evaluation. Moreover, microbiological analyses in feed and colon were performed. The study showed that BioPlus YC probiotics supplementation resulted in a significantly higher count of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis in the feed, a higher count of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and LAB, as well as a lower count of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Bacillus sp. in the mucosa and in the colorectal content of the test pigs. Our work has shown that supplementation with the BioPlus YC probiotic had a positive effect on the production traits of pigs mainly by reducing mortality (2.83%, p = 0.010), lowering feed conversion ratio—FCR (2.59 kg/kg, p = 0.013), better average daily gain—ADG (0.95 kg/day, p = 0.002) and shorter fattening period (77.25 days, p = 0.019) when compared to the control group (4.19%; 2.79 kg/kg; 0.89 kg/day; 92.8 days, respectively). The addition of the specific Bacillus bacteria did not influence carcass and meat characteristics of the test fatteners.

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