scholarly journals Sex-dependent association between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and type 2 diabetes in older overweight people

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie A. Abbott ◽  
Martin Veysey ◽  
Mark Lucock ◽  
Suzanne Niblett ◽  
Katrina King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

AbstractThe association between n-3 PUFA intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear, and studies relating objective biomarkers of n-3 PUFA consumption to diabetic status remain limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels (n-3 index; n-3I) are associated with T2D in a cohort of older adults (n 608). To achieve this, the n-3I (erythrocyte %EPA+%DHA) was determined by GC and associated with fasting blood glucose; HbA1c; and plasma insulin. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA--IR). OR for T2D were calculated for each quartile of n-3I. In all, eighty-two type 2 diabetic (46·3 % female; 76·7 (sd 5·9) years) and 466 non-diabetic (57·9 % female; 77·8 (sd 7·1) years) individuals were included in the analysis. In overweight/obese (BMI≥27 kg/m2), the prevalence of T2D decreased across ascending n-3I quartiles: 1·0 (reference), 0·82 (95 % CI 0·31, 2·18), 0·56 (95 % CI 0·21, 1·52) and 0·22 (95 % CI 0·06, 0·82) (Ptrend=0·015). A similar but non-significant trend was seen in overweight men. After adjusting for BMI, no associations were found between n-3I and fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin or HOMA-IR. In conclusion, higher erythrocyte n-3 PUFA status may be protective against the development of T2D in overweight women. Further research is warranted to determine whether dietary interventions that improve n-3 PUFA status can improve measures of IR, and to further elucidate sex-dependent differences.

scholarly journals Improvement of insulin resistance after diet with a whole-grain based dietary product: results of a randomized, controlled cross-over study in obese subjects with elevated fasting blood glucose

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rave ◽  
Kerstin Roggen ◽  
Sibylle Dellweg ◽  
Tim Heise ◽  
Heike tom Dieck
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Resistance Score

Subjects with obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes which may be reduced by a dietary intervention leading to an improvement of insulin resistance. We investigated the potential of a whole-grain based dietary product (WG) with reduced starch content derived from double-fermented wheat during a hypo-energetic diet to positively influence body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and lipids in comparison to a nutrient-dense meal replacement product (MR) in a randomized two-way cross-over study with two 4-week treatment periods separated by a 2-week wash-out. Subjects replaced at least two daily meals with WG and MR, respectively, targeting for a consumption of 200 g of either product per day. Total daily energy intake was limited to 7120 kJ. Thirty-one subjects (BMI 33·9 (sd 2·7) kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 6·3 (sd 0·8) mmol/l) completed the study. In both treatment groups body weight ( − 2·5 (sd 2·0) v. − 3·2 (sd 1·6) kg for WG v. MR), fasting blood glucose ( − 0·4 (sd 0·3) v. − 0·5 (sd 0·5) mmol/l), total cholesterol ( − 0·5 (sd 0·5) v. − 0·6 (sd 0·5) mmol/l), TAG ( − 0·3 (sd 0·9) v. − 0·3 (sd 1·2) mmol/l) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance score ( − 0·7 (sd 0·8) v. − 1·1 (sd 1·7) μU/ml ×  mmol/l) improved (P < 0·05) with no significant differences between the treatments. After statistical adjustment for the amount of body weight lost, however, the comparison between both groups revealed that fasting serum insulin (P = 0·031) and HOMA insulin resistance score (P = 0·049) improved better with WG than with MR. We conclude that WG favourably influences metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes independent from the amount of body weight lost during a hypo-energetic diet.

scholarly journals Serum concentrations of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakiba Naiemian ◽  
Mohsen naeemipour ◽  
Mehdi Zarei ◽  
Ali Gohari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Behroozikhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factor

Abstract Background: Asprosin, a newly identified adipokine, is pathologically increased in individuals with insulin resistance. However, the available evidence on the association of asprosin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of asprosin and T2DM status . Methods: This observational study was performed based on 194 adults (97 newly diagnosed T2DM and 97 healthy individuals). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined in all participants . Serum concentrations of asprosin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients with T2DM, the serum concentrations of asprosin were significantly higher than the healthy controls (4.18 [IQR: 4.4] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 1.85], P< 0.001). The concentrations of asprosin were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in healthy subjects and with BMI, FBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in the T2DM group. In fully adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with serum concentrations of asprosin was approximately 1.547 (95% CI 1.293-1.850, P< 0.001) compared to the control group . Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that FBG and HOMA-IR were independently associated with asprosin in T2DM. Conclusion : Our findings indicated that serum concentrations of asprosin are increased in patients with T2DM. Also, asprosin is correlated with insulin resistance and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherosclerotic risk factor of cardiovascular diseases) in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Jiang ◽  
Qingpeng Xu ◽  
Aiwu Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhijiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases, and exploring strategies to prevent and treat diabetes has become extremely important. In recent decades the search for new therapeutic strategies for T2DM involving dietary interventions has attracted public attention. We established a diabetic mouse model by feeding mice a high-fat diet combined with injection of low-dose streptozotocin, intending to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of different dosages of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich germinated adzuki beans on the treatment of diabetes in mice. The mice were treated for 6 weeks either with increasing doses of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans, with non-germinated adzuki beans, with GABA, or with the positive control drug metformin. Then, the blood glucose levels and blood lipid biochemical indicators of all the mice were measured. At the same time, serum differential metabolite interactions were explored by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis. The results showed that body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05). We also report improved levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and serum creatinine. We observed a significant improvement in the homeostasis model assessment of the beta cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) scores (P &lt; 0.05) in the group of mice treated with the highest dose of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans. In addition, the metabolic profiles of the serum were analyzed, and 31 differential metabolites including amino acids and lipids were obtained. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, this was found to be correlated with nine significantly enriched metabolic pathways involving the up-regulation of levels of L-serine, SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), L-histidine, creatine, and 3-indoleacetic acid. Our data suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans on diabetic mice may be related to improving tryptophan metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, sphingosline metabolism, and the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. This study provides a reference for the application of GABA-enriched germinated foods in type 2 diabetes and could provide a cue for searching biomarkers to be adopted for T2DM diagnosis.

scholarly journals Effects of green coffee extract on fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Nikpayam ◽  
Marziyeh Najafi ◽  
Samad Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Golbon Sohrab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Many studies have investigated the relationship between coffee and diabetes. Evaluation of the current evidence on the effect of coffee intake on diabetes is critical. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential association between green coffee extract (GCE) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by pooling together the results from clinical trials. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for experimental studies which have been published up to December 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of GCE supplementation on FBG, insulin and HOMA-IR in adults were included for final analysis. A total of six articles were included in the meta-analysis. Results revealed that GCE supplementation reduced FBG level (SMD: −0.32, 95% CI − 0.59 to − 0.05, P = 0.02) but had no effect on insulin levels (SMD: −0.22, 95% CI −0.53 to 0.09, P = 0.159). Although analysis showed that GCE supplementation cannot change the HOMA-IR status (SMD: −0.30, 95% CI −0.73 to 0.13, P = 0.172), after stratified studies by GCE dosage (< 400 mg/day versus > 400 mg/day) there was a significant decrease in HOMA-IR status in a dose greater than 400 mg. These findings suggest that GCE intake might be associated with FBG improvement.

Resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise combined with metformin therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12-week comparative clinical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Study Program

Backgrounds: Both exercise and metformin are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while no previous studies have investigated the effect of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients Methods: Fifty-seven T2DM patients with a mean age of 46.2±8.3 years were randomized to three study groups, each group included nineteen patients. The first group conducted a resistance exercise program (REP, 50-60% of 1RM, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, the second group conducted an aerobic exercise program (AEP, 50-70% maxHR, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, and the third group received only metformin without exercise intervention (Met group). The study program was conducted trice weekly for executive twelve weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were evaluated before and after study intervention. Results: Significant differences were reported after the 12-week intervention inter-groups in the outcome variables (p˂0.05). FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max improved significantly in REP group (p˂0.001) and also in the AEP group (p=0.016, p=0.036, p=0.024, and p=0.019 respectively) while the Met group showed only significant reduction in FBG (p=0.049), and non-significant changes in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max (p˃0.05). REP group achieved greater improvements than AEP group (FBG, p=0.034; HbA1c%, p=0.002; HOMA-IR, p˂0.001; and VO2max, p=0.024). Conclusions: Both resistance and aerobic exercise programs combined with metformin are effective in controlling T2DM. Resistance exercise combined with metformin is more effective than aerobic exercise combined with metformin in the treatment of T2DM.

Resistin is Associated with Inflammation and Renal Function, but not with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Rzepa ◽  
Michał Peller ◽  
Ceren Eyileten ◽  
Marek Rosiak ◽  
Agnieszka Kondracka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Lower Egfr ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Factor Α

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the association of adipokines (resistin, leptin and adiponectin) with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 284 patients with T2DM were included. Concentrations of resistin, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were measured and homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. Resistin correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and positively with hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and white blood cell count (WBC). Leptin correlated positively with HOMA-IR, whereas adiponectin correlated negatively. Leptin also correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, IL-6, WBC and negatively with eGFR. Adiponectin correlated negatively with waist circumference, WBC, and eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression indicated lower eGFR and higher WBC and IL-6 as independent predictive factors of resistin concentration above the upper quartile (CAQ3), whereas female sex and higher BMI and HOMA-IR of leptin CAQ3, and lower HOMA-IR and older age of adiponectin CAQ3. In conclusion, in contrast to leptin and adiponectin, in T2DM patients, resistin is not associated with BMI and IR, but with inflammation and worse kidney function.

scholarly journals KORELASI INDEKS 20/(C-PEPTIDE PUASA×GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA) DENGAN HOMA-IR UNTUK MENILAI RESISTENSI INSULIN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Elsi Kelana ◽  
Ellyza Nasrul ◽  
Rismawati Yaswir ◽  
Desywar Desywar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
C Peptide

AbstrakResistensi insulin merupakan penurunan respons biologis jaringan terhadap insulin dalam kadar normal. Pada DM tipe 2 terjadi resistensi dan gangguan sekresi insulin. Terdapat indeks baru 20/(C-peptide puasa x glukosa darah puasa) untuk menilai resistensi sekaligus gangguan sekresi insulin. Penelitian bertujuan membuktikan korelasi indeks 20/(C-peptide puasa x glukosa darah puasa) dengan HOMA-IR untuk menilai resistensi insulin pada DM tipe 2 di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Dengan menggunakan sampel darah dari pasien, kadar glukosa darah puasa, insulin puasa dan C-peptide puasa ditentukan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kadar glukosa puasa 9,83 (3,53) mmol/L [177 (63,54) mg/dL], insulin puasa 10,58 (3,61) μU/L, dan C-peptide puasa 0,97 (0,29) nmol/L dan terdapat korelasi yang sangat kuat dan bermakna secara statistik (p<0,0001) antara indeks 20/(C-peptide puasa x glukosa darah puasa) dengan HOMA-IR (r= -0,838). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa indeks 20/(C-peptide puasa x glukosa darah puasa) dan HOMA–IR berkorelasi kuat untuk menilai resistensi insulin pada DM tipe 2 di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang.AbstractInsulin resistance is a decrease of biological response of the tissues to the normal level of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, there is resistance and impaired of insulin secretion. There is a new index available to assess resistance and impaired of insulin secretion all at once, with the formula 20/(fasting C-peptide x fasting blood glucose). This study aimed to prove the correlation of this new index to the HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assesment of insulin resistance) in type 2 diabetes at Dr.M.Djamil Padang hospital. Level of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide of blood were measured, followed by statistical data analysis using Pearson correlation test.The result showed the mean of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide were 9.83 (3.53) mmol/L[177 (63.54) mg/dl], 10.58 (3.61) μU/L, and 0.97 (0.29) nmol/L respectively.There was a strong and statistically significant correlation (p<0.0001) found between the new index and the HOMA-IR ( r= -0.838). To be concluded, the index 20/(fasting C-peptide x fasting blood glucose) and HOMA-IR was strongly correlated to assess insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes at Dr. M. Djamil Padang hospital.

scholarly journals INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC AND COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSED AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
T. S. Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. The aim of the study was to investigate insulin resistance in patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancer diagnosed in people with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. 64 patients were examined. They were divided into the following groups: group I – healthy people (control group) (n = 16); group II – patients with type 2 diabetes without cancer (n = 28); group IIIa – patients with type 2 diabetes with pancreatic cancer (n = 10), group IIIb – patients with type 2 diabetes with colorectal cancer (n = 10). The study involved patients from specialized departments of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Hospital and the Precarpathian Clinical Oncology Center. Blood insulin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using Insulin ELISA diagnostic kits, EIA-2935. Fasting blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method. Compensation for diabetes was assessed by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and determined by ion exchange chromatography. Data analysis was performed using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). Differences between the values in the comparison groups were determined by Student’s t-test and were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results. Patients with type 2 diabetes who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer or colorectal cancer were older, compared with patients with type 2 diabetes without cancer (P < 0.05). Obesity was diagnosed in patients with colorectal cancer of group IIIb, their BMI was higher in comparison with patients of group IIIa who suffered from pancreatic cancer (P < 0.05). BMI in patients of group IIIa was lower than in control group (P < 0.05), in patients of group II (P < 0.05) and in patients of group IIIb with colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). Compared with patients of group II, patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancer had significantly lower insulin levels (P < 0.05), but significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). Insulin resistance according to the HOMA-IR index (> 3.0) was detected in both types of cancer. The HOMA-IR index in patients with pancreatic cancer was significantly lower than in patients of group II (P < 0.05). The level of HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes without cancer and in patients with cancer diagnosed on the background of diabetes did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Prior to cancer detection, the same number of patients (50.0%) received metformin-free therapy in both the pancreatic cancer group and the colorectal cancer group. However, the duration of diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer was 2.90 ± 2.60 years and was significantly shorter than in patients with colorectal cancer 9.70 ± 5.66 (P < 0.05). 80.0% of patients in group IIIa had a history of diabetes less than 5 years, and 80.0% of patients in group IIIb – more than 5 years. Conclusions: 1.In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with pancreatic cancer, as well as in patients with colorectal cancer, insulin resistance was detected by the HOMA-IR index, which depended on the combined effect of insulin and hyperglycemia in patients with colorectal cancer and on the fasting blood glucose in patients with pancreatic cancer. 2. The absence of hyperinsulinemia, the short duration of type 2 diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer may be indirect evidence of cancer induced pancreatogenic diabetes (T3cDM) in the majority of patients of this group. For elderly patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus without obesity, without hyperinsulinemia, screening for pancreatic cancer is recommended.

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