Gestational Age, Parent Education, and Education in Adulthood

BACKGROUND: Adults born preterm (<37 weeks) have lower educational attainment than those born term. Whether this relationship is modified by family factors such as socioeconomic background is, however, less well known. We investigated whether the relationship between gestational age and educational attainment in adulthood differed according to parents’ educational level in 4 Nordic countries. METHODS: This register-based cohort study included singletons born alive from 1987 up to 1992 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. In each study population, we investigated effect modification by parents’ educational level (low, intermediate, high) on the association between gestational age at birth (25–44 completed weeks) and low educational attainment at 25 years (not having completed upper secondary education) using general estimation equations logistic regressions. RESULTS: A total of 4.3%, 4.0%, 4.8%, and 5.0% singletons were born preterm in the Danish (n = 331 448), Finnish (n = 220 095), Norwegian (n = 292 840), and Swedish (n = 513 975) populations, respectively. In all countries, both lower gestational age and lower parental educational level contributed additively to low educational attainment. For example, in Denmark, the relative risk of low educational attainment was 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.26) in adults born at 28 to 31 weeks whose parents had high educational level and 5.25 (95% confidence interval 4.53 to 6.02) in adults born at 28 to 31 weeks whose parents had low educational level, compared with a reference group born at 39 to 41 weeks with high parental educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Although higher parental education level was associated with higher educational attainment for all gestational ages, parental education did not mitigate the educational disadvantages of shorter gestational age.

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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MOROCCAN NUTRITIONAL TRANSITION: THE ROLE OF PARENTAL EDUCATION

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932011000757 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 481-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

PILAR MONTERO LÓPEZ ◽

KARIM ANZID ◽

MOHAMED CHERKAOUI ◽

ABDELLATIF BAALI ◽

SANTIAGO RODRIGUEZ LOPEZ

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Parental Education ◽

Educational Background ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Nutritional Transition ◽

Lower Height ◽

High Educational

SummaryIn Morocco, the beginning of the nutritional transition is closely linked to social and economic transformations and changes in behaviour and traditional lifestyles. The objective of this study is to describe the current pattern of food consumption and the nutritional status of adolescents in the province of Ouarzazate and its association with parents' educational level. The sample comprises 327 high school students from Ouarzazate: 135 (41.3%) boys and 192 (58.7%) girls (age range 15–20 years). For both boys and girls, the results show lower height and BMI z-scores than the WHO reference values. Adolescents whose parents have a low educational level have lower height/age and BMI/age z-scores than those whose fathers have a high educational level. No differences are observed in total daily energy intake depending on fathers' educational level, but the energy provided by lipids is higher in adolescents whose fathers have a high educational background. The quality of fats consumed (MUFA+PUFA/SFA) is better among those boys whose fathers have low education, but no differences are observed for girls. The process of nutritional transition is not uniform in the sample, but depends on the socioeconomic characteristics of population groups, which include, among others, accessibility of certain food, differences in habits and lifestyles related to energy expenditure, and higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in more favoured groups.

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On the interplay between educational attainment and nutrition: a spatially-aware perspective

EPJ Data Science ◽

10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00273-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Narges Azizi Fard ◽

Gianmarco De Francisci Morales ◽

Yelena Mejova ◽

Rossano Schifanella

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Educational Level ◽

Large Scale ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Food Choices ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Spatial Effects ◽

Higher Educational Attainment

AbstractFood choices are an integral part of wellbeing and longevity, yet poor nutrition is responsible for millions of deaths every year. Among the complex mosaic of determinants of food choices are demographic, socioeconomic, physiological, and also cultural. In this work, we explore the connection between educational attainment, as a proxy for cultural capital, and food purchases, as a proxy for food consumption. Unlike existing studies, which use diaries and surveys, we use a large-scale dataset of food-related products purchased from a major retailer in London over the course of one year. By using this high-resolution dataset, we are able to explore the spatial dependence of the various factors impacting food choices, and estimate their direct and indirect spatial effects. We characterize food consumption across two complementary dimensions of (1) diet composition, and (2) diet variety. By building spatial auto-regressive models on these variables, we obtain an improved fit compared to traditional regression, and illustrate the importance of spillover effects. Our results consistently confirm the association between a higher educational attainment and a healthier diet, even when controlling for spatial correlation. First, a low educational level is connected to diets high in carbohydrates and low in fibers. Second, it is also associated with higher consumption of sweets and red meats, while high educational level is linked to a greater consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fish. Third, highly-educated areas show an increased nutritional diversity, together with a lower caloric intake. Finally, we show the presence of spillover effects within the neighboring communities, which would need to be taken in consideration when designing public health policies and interventions.

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Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours and parental education in European preschool children: the ToyBox study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517003129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (12) ◽

pp. 1089-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

María L. Miguel-Berges ◽

Konstantina Zachari ◽

Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasias ◽

Theodora Mouratidou ◽

Odysseas Androutsos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Educational Level ◽

Screen Time ◽

Parental Education ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

High Water ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Education Levels ◽

Parental Educational Level

AbstractEnergy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) are established in childhood and seem to persist through to adulthood. A lower parental educational level was associated with unhealthy behavioural patterns. The aim of the study is to identify clusters of EBRB and examine their association with preschool children’s BMI and maternal, paternal and parental education. A subsample of the ToyBox study (n 5387) conducted in six European countries was used. Six behavioural clusters (‘healthy diet and low activity’, ‘active’, ‘healthy lifestyle’, ‘high water and screen time; low fruits and vegetables (F&V) and physical activity (PA)’, ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ and ‘high F&V consumers’) emerged. The healthiest group characterised by high water and F&V consumption and high PA z scores (‘healthy lifestyle’) was more prevalent among preschool children with at least one medium- or higher-educated parent and showed markedly healthier trends for all the included EBRB. In the opposite, the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster (characterised by high soft drinks and screen time z scores, and low water, F&V and PA z scores) was more prevalent among children with lower parental, paternal and maternal education levels. OR identified that children with lower maternal, paternal and parental education levels were less likely to be allocated in the ‘healthy lifestyle’ cluster and more likely to be allocated in the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster. The ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster was more prevalent among children with parents in lower parental educational levels and children who were obese. Therefore, parental educational level is one of the key factors that should be considered when developing childhood obesity prevention interventions.

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Parental suicide attempt and offspring educational attainment during adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000556 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 2097-2107 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Geulayov ◽

C. Metcalfe ◽

D. Gunnell

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Educational Level ◽

Parental Education ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Parental Suicide ◽

Parents And Children ◽

The Impact ◽

Avon Longitudinal Study

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the impact of parental suicide attempt (SA) on offspring outcomes other than mental health. We investigated the association of parental SA with offspring educational attainment in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).MethodParental SA was prospectively recorded from pregnancy until the study children were 11 years old. National school test results (ages 11–16 years) were obtained by record linkage. Multilevel regression models quantified the association between parental SA and offspring outcomes.ResultsData were available for 6667 mother–child and 3054 father–child pairs. Adolescents whose mothers had attempted suicide were less likely than their peers to achieve the expected educational level by age 14 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.95] in models controlling for relevant confounders, including parental education and depression. At age 16 years, adolescents whose mothers had attempted suicide were less likely to obtain the expected educational level (five or more qualifications at grade A*–C) (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–1.00) in models controlling for relevant confounders and parental education; however, after additionally controlling for maternal depression the results were consistent with chance (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.48–1.13). Findings in relation to paternal SA were consistent with those of maternal SA but power was limited due to lower response rate amongst fathers.ConclusionsMaternal SA was associated with diminished educational performance at age 14 years. Educational attainment during adolescence can have substantial effect on future opportunities and well-being and these offspring may benefit from interventions.

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Influence of the Parental Educational Level on Physical Activity in Schoolchildren

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12093920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 3920 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Inés M. Muñoz-Galiano ◽

Jonathan D. Connor ◽

Miguel A. Gómez-Ruano ◽

Gema Torres-Luque

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Secondary School ◽

Primary School ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Educational Level ◽

Parental Education ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

School Students ◽

Parental Educational Level ◽

Watching Tv

The factors influencing physical activity participation in children are varied, although there is evidence that the educational level of parents may be one important factor. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of parental education on the level of physical activity and the sedentary behavior of their children. The parents of 727 students, separated based on school group (preschool: n = 179; primary: n = 284; secondary: n = 230; high: n = 34), were invited to complete a series of questionnaires assessing their educational level (low, intermediate, and high) and their child’s level of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Primary school students with high- and intermediate-educated parents were found to engage in significantly more physical activity per week and spent more time engaged in homework than children with lower-educated parents. Secondary school students with higher-educated parents were found to spend significantly less time engaged in sedentary behavior than children with lower- or intermediate-educated parents, and high schoolers with higher-educated parents engaged in less tablet time than children with lower-educated parents. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that greater physical activity was precipitated by certain sedentary behaviors in children with more educated parents, such as total time watching TV (primary school), doing homework (secondary school), and total time using a tablet/similar (high school), which increased total time engaged in physical activity. These findings suggest that more educated parents may implement structured time for their children to engage in a balance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors.

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What cancer patients actually know regarding medical cannabis? A cross-sectional survey with a critical analysis of the current attitudes

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155219843161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1439-1444 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alessio Cortellini ◽

Giampiero Porzio ◽

Vincenza Cofini ◽

Stefano Necozione ◽

Raffaele Giusti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Educational Level ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Care Service ◽

Health Problems ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Medical Cannabis ◽

Active Disease

Background In Italy medical cannabis is a prescription drug since 1998. Even though it could not be considered a therapy as such, it is indicated as a symptomatic treatment also in cancer patients, to cure iatrogenic nausea/vomiting and chronic pain. Patients and methods We conducted a knowledge survey about medical cannabis among cancer patients referred to two outpatient cancer care centers and a home care service. Results From February to April 2018, 232 patient were enrolled; 210 patients were on active disease-oriented treatment (90.5%), while 22 (9.5%) not. Eighty-one percent of the patients have heard about medical cannabis, but only 2% from healthcare professionals. Thirty-four percent of responders thought about using cannabis to treat one or more of their own health problems, especially pain (55%). Despite that, 18% of the participants believe that medical cannabis could have negative effects on their own symptoms. Patients with high educational level better knew cannabis (odds ratio = 3.52; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–11.53), and medical cannabis (odds ratio = 3.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.48–6.98), when compared to patient with low educational level. Patients who were on active disease-oriented treatment better knew medical cannabis (odds ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.26–12.11) compared to “out of treatment” patients. Metastatic patients were less informed about medical cannabis compared to patients on adjuvant treatment. Conclusions Our survey shows that most of Italian cancer patients know medical cannabis and a third of them have considered using cannabis to treat one (or more) of their own health problems. In the same time, they are poorly informed and do not tend to ask for information about medical cannabis to healthcare professionals.

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A Study on the Actual Condition and Needs of Parental Education Present Conditions of Parent Education Experienced by Mothers of Early Children

Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction ◽

10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.22.185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (22) ◽

pp. 185-205

Author(s):

Joo Youn Kim

Keyword(s):

Parent Education ◽

Parental Education ◽

Actual Condition

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Characteristics and adverse outcomes of Chinese adolescent pregnancies between 2012 and 2019

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92037-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanxia Xie ◽

Xiaodong Wang ◽

Yi Mu ◽

Zheng Liu ◽

Yanping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Pregnancy ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Reference Group ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Near Miss ◽

Adolescent Women ◽

Adolescent Pregnancies

AbstractWe aimed to describe the characteristics of adolescent pregnancy, determine its effect on adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes and explore whether that association varies with gestational age with the goal of proposing specific recommendations for adolescent health in China. This study included 2,366,559 women aged 10–24 years who had singleton pregnancies between 2012 and 2019 at 438 hospitals. Adolescent pregnancy was defined as younger than 20 years of age. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effects. Women aged 20–24 years served as the reference group in all analyses. The proportion of rural girls with adolescent pregnancies rebounded after 2015 even though common-law marriage in rural areas decreased. Higher risks of eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57 ~ 2.23), severe anaemia (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 ~ 1.28), maternal near miss (MNM; aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 ~ 1.37), and small for gestational age (SGA; aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.28 ~ 1.33) were observed when gestational age was > 37 weeks. Adolescent pregnancy was independently associated with increased risks of other perinatal outcomes. Further implementation of pregnancy prevention strategies and improved health care interventions are needed to reduce adolescent pregnancies and prevent adverse fertility outcomes among adolescent women in China at a time when adolescent fertility rate is rebounding.

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The mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between social factors and DNA methylation

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Maugeri ◽

M Barchitta ◽

G Favara ◽

C La Mastra ◽

MC La Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Educational Level ◽

Methylation Level ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Age Related ◽

High Educational

Abstract Background Social disadvantage and unhealthy lifestyles may induce molecular changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. For instance, previous studies reported socioeconomic difference in DNA methylation, which in turn led to aberrant gene expression and genome instability. Socioeconomic status (SES) alone, however, does not completely explain this difference, and further studies are needed to unveil what factors contribute to it. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 Italian women, aged 25-64 years, to assess SES differences in LINE-1 methylation level - a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation - and to examine the mediating effect of lifestyles (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status). Educational level was used as SES indicator. The adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for the SPSS software. Results We first observed that women with high educational level were more likely to be normal weight (p < 0.001) and to adhere to MD (p = 0.018), and less likely to perform physical activity (p = 0.012) than their less educated counterpart. Moreover, age-adjusted linear regression demonstrated that LINE-1 methylation level increased with increasing educational level (β = 0.016; SE = 0.003; p < 0.001). In line, mediation analysis demonstrated an indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI=0.001-0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. None of the other lifestyles, instead, exhibited a significant mediating effect. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediation of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Thus, our findings add even more value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits among social disadvantaged people. Key messages Social disadvantage is associated with epigenetic changes related to aging and age-related diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might mediate the association between socioeconomic status and DNA methylation.

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Towards a dialect-neutral assessment instrument for the language skills of Afrikaans-speaking children: the role of socioeconomic status

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000912000037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 415-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

FRENETTE SOUTHWOOD

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Parental Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Assessment Instrument ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Father Figures ◽

African Context ◽

Neutral Language

ABSTRACTThe aims of the study were to establish whether there is a correlation between the socioeconomic background of Afrikaans-speaking children and their performance on a dialect-neutral language test, and to ascertain whether the allowance the test currently makes for parental education level is sufficient. The Afrikaans version of the DiagnosticEvaluation ofLanguageVariation(Seymour, Roeper & de Villiers, 2005a) was administered to 231 Afrikaans-speaking children age 4 ; 0 to 9 ; 11 from various socioeconomic backgrounds. A positive correlation was found between the composite language scores as well as the scores for each of the language domains (syntax, pragmatics, semantics) and the primary female caregivers' highest level of education. Children with father figures present did not outperform those without. It appears that the original manner of accommodating parental education level in interpreting the children's language scores on the test is sufficient and need not be refined for the South African context.

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