Associations of dietary energy density with body composition and cardiometabolic risk in children with overweight and obesity: role of energy density calculations, under-reporting energy intake and physical activity

AbstractThis study examined (1) the association of dietary energy density from solid (EDS) and solid plus liquids (EDSL) with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in children with overweight and obesity, (2) the effect of under-reporting on the mentioned associations and (3) whether the association between ED and body composition and CRF is influenced by levels of physical activity. In a cross-sectional design, 208 overweight and obese children (8–12-year-old; 111 boys) completed two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. ED was calculated using two different approaches: EDS and EDSL. Under-reporters were determined with the Goldberg method. Body composition, anthropometry and fasting blood sample measurements were performed. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was registered with accelerometers (7-d-register). Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the association of ED with the previously mentioned variables. Neither EDS nor EDSL were associated with body composition or CRF. However, when under-reporters were excluded, EDS was positively associated with BMI (P=0·019), body fat percentage (P=0·005), abdominal fat (P=0·008) and fat mass index (P=0·018), while EDSL was positively associated with body fat percentage (P=0·008) and fat mass index (P=0·026). When stratifying the group according to physical activity recommendations, the aforementioned associations were only maintained for non-compliers. Cluster analysis showed that the low-ED and high-MVPA group presented the healthiest profile for all adiposity and CRF. These findings could partly explain inconsistencies in literature, as we found that different ED calculations entail distinct results. Physical activity levels and excluding under-reporters greatly influence the associations between ED and adiposity in children with overweight and obesity.

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Differences in Body Composition Convey a Similar Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Different Ethnic Groups With Disparate Cardiometabolic Risk—The HELIUS Study

10.2337/figshare.14447988 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marleen Zethof ◽

Charlotte M. Mosterd ◽

Didier Collard ◽

Henrike Galenkamp ◽

Charles Agyemang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Composition ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

South Asian ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

C Statistic ◽

Helius Study

Objective: Studies have shown a disparate association between body composition and the risk of type 2 diabetes. We assessed whether associations between differences in body composition and type 2 diabetes vary among ethnic groups with disparate cardiometabolic risk. Research Design and Methods: We used data from the HELIUS study, including individuals aged 18-70 of African Surinamese (n=3997), South-Asian Surinamese (n=2956), Turkish (n=3546), Moroccan (n=3850), Ghanaian (n=2271) and Dutch (n=4452) origin living in Amsterdam. Type 2 diabetes was defined using the World Health Organization criteria. Logistic regression was used to assess the relation between body composition and type 2 diabetes. Waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, BMI and body fat percentage by bio-electrical impedance were used to estimate body composition. Results: Per unit change in BMI only Ghanaian [OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99)] and Moroccan [0.94 (0.89-0.99)] women had a smaller increase in type 2 diabetes per unit change in BMI compared to the Dutch population, while OR for body fat percentage were 0.94 (0.89-1.00) for Ghanaian, 0.93 (0.88-0.99) for Moroccan and 0.95 (0.90-1.00) for South-Asian Surinamese women. There was no interaction between WHR and ethnicity on the risk of type 2 diabetes, and there were no differences in men. WHR had the highest precision in predicting type 2 diabetes in both men (c-statistic=0.78) and women (c-statistic=0.81). Conclusions: The association between differences in body composition and type 2 diabetes is roughly the same in all ethnic groups. WHR seems the most reliable and consistent predictor of type 2 diabetes regardless of ethnic background.

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Association between Dietary Energy Density and Mental Health in Overweight/Obese Women

10.21203/rs.2.20529/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Niloofarsadat Maddahi ◽

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

Leila Setayesh ◽

Yasaman Nasir ◽

Shahab Alizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Density ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Obese Women ◽

Health Indices ◽

Dietary Energy Density ◽

Adjusted Model

Abstract Objectives: Mental health, sleep quality and dietary intake are interlinked. Impairment of mental health and low sleep quality may contribute to obesity through the consumption of diets high in energy density. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether dietary energy density (DED) influences mental health. This study aimed to examine the association of DED with mental health indices, including depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in overweight/obese women.Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity, subjects in the highest quartile of DED had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but lower serum triglyceride, than those in the lowest quartile (p <0.05). DED was significantly associated with increased odds of stress in the crude (OR =2.15, 95%CI: 1.01-4.56, p= 0.04) and adjusted model for age, BMI, and physical activity (OR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.13-5.79, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between DED and depression, anxiety and sleep quality.

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Association between Dietary Energy Density with Mental Health and Sleep Quality in Women with Overweight/Obesity

10.21203/rs.2.20529/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Niloofarsadat Maddahi ◽

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

Leila Setayesh ◽

Yasaman Nasir ◽

Shahab Alizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Density ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Obese Women ◽

Health Indices ◽

Dietary Energy Density ◽

Adjusted Model

Abstract Objectives : Mental health, sleep quality and dietary intake are interlinked. Impairment of mental health and low sleep quality may contribute to obesity through the consumption of diets high in energy density. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether dietary energy density (DED) influences mental health. This study aimed to examine the association of DED with mental health indices, including depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in overweight/obese women. Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity, subjects in the highest quartile of DED had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but lower serum triglyceride, than those in the lowest quartile (p <0.05). DED was significantly associated with increased odds of stress in the crude (OR =2.15, 95%CI: 1.01-4.56, p= 0.04) and adjusted model for age, BMI, and physical activity (OR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.13-5.79, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between DED and depression, anxiety and sleep quality.

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Meal Habits, Body Fat Composition and Mood Status in Young Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1617-1617

Author(s):

Hsin-Jen Chen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Food Security ◽

Body Fat ◽

Anxiety Score ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Fat Composition

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between meal habits (i.e., eating breakfast every day, usually ≥80% fullness at breakfast, and not eating snacks at night), body composition and the subsequent changes in mood status in young adults. Methods This is a longitudinal follow-up study based on a randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03828812). Young adults were recruited based in a university campus in Taipei City, Taiwan. In total, 125 participants were recruited and 103 completed the follow-ups. Measured body composition (TANITA BC-418) and moods (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS) were assessed at baseline, the third month and 15th month from baseline. Baseline meal habits were based on the participants’ recall of their diets in the month before interview. We used mixed-effect model to test the association of baseline total body fat percentage and trunk body fat percentage and moods during follow-ups, adjusting for age, sex, baseline body mass index (BMI), food security status. Results After controlling for sex, age, BMI, and food security status at baseline, having breakfast every day at baseline was associated with 2.04 (se = 0.78, P = 0.0098) lower anxiety score and with 2.58 (se = 1.26, P = 0.0409) lower stress score at baseline. Meal habits were not associated with the subsequent changes in mood status. As for body composition, one % of trunk body fat replacing one % of non-trunk body fat at baseline was associated with 1.19 (se = 0.57, P = 0.0381) higher depression score, 1.02 (se = 0.47, P = 0.0327) higher anxiety score, 2.06 (se = 0.76, P = 0.0075) higher anxiety score at baseline. One % of non-trunk body fat percentage was associated with 2.60 (se = 1.02, P = 0.0116) lower anxiety score, as trunk body fat % is controlled. Baseline body fat composition parameters were not associated with the temporal changes in mood scores. The significance patterns were similar after adjusting for baseline physical activity level, assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Conclusions Breakfast habits and body composition, especially trunk body fat, was associated with university-based young adults’ emotional health status. Funding Sources Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan.

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Dietary Energy Density is Associated with Body Mass Index and Fat Mass in Early Adulthood

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773819883192 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 105477381988319

Author(s):

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Emilio González-Jiménez ◽

Ángel Fernández-Aparicio ◽

Jose Luis Gómez-Urquiza ◽

Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Density ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Mass Percent ◽

Dietary Energy Density

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between body composition parameters as well as body mass index (BMI), and dietary energy density in a population of 538 young adults. Fat mass, fat mass percent, fat-free mass, and visceral fat were measured using a body composition analyzer. Daily energy intake was assessed using a 72-hr diet recall, and dietary energy density was calculated. Significant differences in dietary energy density among underweight, normal-weight and overweight/obesity young adults were identified ( M = 1.42, SD = 0.26 vs. M = 1.52, SD = 0.46 vs. M = 1.66, SD = 0.53, p = .002). Dietary energy density was associated with BMI (β = .961; CI 95% = 0.335, 1.586; p = .0030), fat mass percent (β = 1.921; CI 95% = 0.707, 3.135; p = .002), and fat mass (β = 2.146; CI 95% = 0.827, 3.466; p = .001). Dietary energy density might be considered as an important aspect in the obesity nutritional education programs in young people.

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Consumption of energy-dense diets in relation to cardiometabolic abnormalities among Iranian women

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011002680 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 868-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽

Hossein Khosravi Boroujeni ◽

Leila Azadbakht

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Energy Density ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Adult Women ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Bottom Quartile ◽

Dietary Energy Density

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between dietary energy density and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.SubjectsWe assessed habitual dietary intakes of 486 Iranian adult women by the use of a validated FFQ. Dietary energy density (DED) was calculated as each individual's reported daily energy intake (kJ/d, kcal/d) divided by the total weight of foods (excluding beverages) consumed (g/d). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles and blood pressure were measured. Diabetes (FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl), dyslipidaemia (based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) and hypertension (based on the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) were determined. The presence of ‘at least one risk factor’ and ‘at least two risk factors’ of the three major risk factors for CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated. To explore the associations between DED and cardiometabolic risk factors, we obtained prevalence ratios in different models accounting for confounders.ResultsMean DED was 7·41 (sd1·46) kJ/g (1·77 (sd0·35) kcal/g). Consumption of energy-dense diets was associated with higher intakes of energy, dietary fat, cholesterol, vegetable oils, refined grains and high-fat dairy products, along with lower intakes of dietary carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, and meat and fish. Adherence to an energy-dense diet was associated with elevated levels of serum TAG, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and lower levels of serum HDL cholesterol. Women in the top quartile of DED were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (61 %v. 31 %,P< 0·05), at least one (68 %v. 35 %,P< 0·05) and at least two (29 %v. 10 %,P< 0·05) cardiometabolic risk factors compared with those in the bottom quartile. Consumption of energy-dense diets was significantly associated with a greater chance of having dyslipidaemia (prevalence ratio in top quartilev. bottom quartile: 1·78; 95 % CI 1·33, 2·58), at least one (1·81; 1·44, 2·49) and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors (2·81; 1·51, 5·24). Additional control for BMI and total energy intake slightly attenuated the associations. No overall significant associations were found between consumption of energy-dense diets and risk of having diabetes or hypertension either before or after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsConsumption of energy-dense diets was significantly related to the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia, at least one and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

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The Association of Dietary Energy Density and Body Composition Components in a Sample of Iranian Adults

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.751148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Bazshahi ◽

Sanaz Pourreza ◽

Hossein Imani ◽

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Density ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Strong Association ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Dietary Energy Density

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between the energy density (ED) of diet and body composition components in Iranian adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 267 adults in Tehran. We obtained ED (kcal/g) using the two most common methods: ED1, ED from foods only with the exclusion of all beverages and ED2, from foods and all beverages. Body composition was measured using a multifrequency bio-impedance analysis. To find a strong association, we used both the linear and binary regression analysis in the three adjusted models.Results: The mean of ED1 and ED2 was 1.34 ± 0.23 and 0.89 ± 0.20 kcal/g, respectively. Increasing the ED of diet in both methods was associated with a high intake of dietary fat, of saturated fatty acid (SFA), of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), of oleic and linoleic acids, accompanied by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and some vitamins and minerals. There was a significant positive relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI) and ED1 (β = 4.44, p = 0.02). However, we found no significant association between the consumption of ED1 and fat mass index (FMI) (0.28; 95% CI 0.08, 0.98; p = 0.07), and abdominal obesity (0.91; 95% CI 0.43, 1.94; p = 0.82). Also, ED2 had no association with FMI (0.86; 95% CI 0.26, 2.80; p = 0.81) and abdominal obesity (0.78; 95% CI 0.35, 1.72; p = 0.54). No significant associations were found between ED and other anthropometric indices and body composition components after considering the confounders.Conclusion: This study supports the positive association between ED and poor dietary quality. However, our findings did not show significant associations of dietary energy density (DED) with anthropometric indices and body composition components. Further well-designed studies are required to investigate the exact link between DED and body composition.

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Association between Dietary Energy Density with Mental Health and Sleep Quality in Women with Overweight/Obesity

10.21203/rs.2.20529/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Niloofarsadat Maddahi ◽

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

Leila Setayesh ◽

Yasaman Nasir ◽

Shahab Alizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Density ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Obese Women ◽

Health Indices ◽

Dietary Energy Density ◽

Adjusted Model

Abstract Objectives : Mental health, sleep quality and dietary intake are interlinked. Impairment of mental health and low sleep quality may contribute to obesity through the consumption of diets high in energy density. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether dietary energy density (DED) influences mental health. This study aimed to examine the association of DED with mental health indices, including depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in overweight/obese women. Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity, subjects in the highest quartile of DED had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but lower serum triglyceride, than those in the lowest quartile (p <0.05). DED was significantly associated with increased odds of stress in the crude (OR =2.15, 95%CI: 1.01-4.56, p= 0.04) and adjusted model for age, BMI, and physical activity (OR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.13-5.79, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between DED and depression, anxiety and sleep quality.

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Relation between Lifestyle and Socio-Demographic Factors and Body Composition among the Elderly

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p172 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Fahime Zeinali ◽

Nahal Habibi ◽

Mehnoosh Samadi ◽

Kamal Azam ◽

Kurosh Djafarian

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

The Elderly ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

High Fat ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Mass Index ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

BACKGROUND: Aging is accompanied by various changes that can cause changes in diet and body composition resulting sometimes in malnutrition and disability in the elderly. Changes in body composition among the elderly are mainly the result of physical inactivity and nutrition. This study was designed to examine the relationship between lifestyle and socio-demographic factors and body composition.METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 380 elderly people aged 60 and over in district 5 of Tehran, Iran. Their body composition was measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and the Actigraph device was used for assessing physical activity patterns. A three-day food recall was conducted to measure their intake of energy and macronutrients. Lifestyle and socio-demographic information were collected by interview using a pretested questionnaire.RESULTS: Overweight, obesity and central obesity were more prevalent in women than in men (p<0.001). Moreover, 57.1% and 18.7% of participants had high and very high fat mass index, respectively. High fat mass index was seen in 47% of men and 37.5% of women who had normal body mass index (BMI). Meanwhile, age, gender, physical activity, energy intake, the percentage of energy from fat and protein, educational level, job, television watching time, smoking, chronic diseases, and taking medicine were significantly associated with anthropometric measurements (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Overweight, obesity and high body fat percentage were common among the aged. Considering the factors that are significantly associated with body composition, programs that can increase their awareness about the dietary balance and suitable physical activity should be organized to address these problems.

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