Dietary intake of phloridzin from natural occurrence in foods

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major diseases of our times. Besides being a considerable inconvenience for the patient, the associated healthcare expenses are tremendous. One of the cornerstones of T2DM prevention is a healthy diet, including a variety of fruits and vegetables. Apples are touted to have health benefits, and the apple polyphenol, phloridzin, has gained interest in recent years as it can reduce intestinal sugar uptake by inhibition of the Na/glucose cotransporter 1. By researching the amount of phloridzin in different food sources and linking them to their consumption data, we could estimate the average and high-level phloridzin consumption in Europe. On average, European people consume 0·7–7·5 mg/d phloridzin, the main contributors being apples and apple juice. High-level consumers may get up to 52 mg/d of phloridzin. Older people are more at risk of developing T2DM, yet they consume less phloridzin than adolescents and adults, as determined by our survey. Management of blood glucose levels might be improved by the consumption of phloridzin, as has been shown in recent clinical trials; these trials used phloridzin-enriched apple extract at doses exceeding those from normal food consumption. There are, however, indications that consumption of average to high levels of phloridzin via food might also contribute to reduced sugar load and a reduction in T2DM risk.

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Exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting insecticides and blood glucose level in a population of Ugandan smallholder farmers

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2020-106439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (10) ◽

pp. 713-720

Author(s):

Martin Rune Hassan Hansen ◽

Erik Jørs ◽

Annelli Sandbæk ◽

Daniel Sekabojja ◽

John C Ssempebwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Fixed Effect ◽

Phase Changes ◽

Activity Level ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

ObjectivesThe risk of diabetes mellitus may be elevated among persons exposed to some pesticides, including cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides (organophosphates and carbamates). The objective of this study was to investigate how acetylcholinesterase activity was associated with mean blood glucose levels among smallholder farmers in Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a short-term follow-up study among 364 smallholder farmers in Uganda. Participants were examined three times from September 2018 to February 2019. At each visit, we measured glycosylated haemoglobin A (HbA1c) as a measure of long-term average blood glucose levels. Exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was quantified using erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase normalised by haemoglobin (AChE/Hb). For a subgroup of participants, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was also available. We analysed HbA1c and FPG versus AChE/Hb in linear mixed and fixed effect models adjusting for age, sex, physical activity level, and consumption of fruits and vegetables, alcohol and tobacco.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, our mixed effect models showed significant correlation between low AChE/Hb and low HbA1c. Adjusted mean HbA1c was 0.74 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.31) mmol/mol lower for subjects with AChE/Hb=24.3 U/g (35th percentile) compared with subjects with AChE/Hb=25.8 U/g (50th percentile). Similar results were demonstrated for FPG. Fixed effect models showed less clear correlations for between-phase changes in AChE/Hb and HbA1c.ConclusionsOur results do not clearly support a causal link between exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides and elevated blood glucose levels (expressed as HbA1c and FPG), but results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of reverse causality.

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Relationship Between Interleukin-10, Cholesterol and Blood Glucose Levels in Geohelminth Positive Adolescents and Adults

Journal of Medical Sciences(Faisalabad) ◽

10.3923/jms.2020.18.23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

Nurhayati . ◽

Nuzulia Irawati ◽

Eryati Darwin ◽

Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Adolescents And Adults

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Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and blood glucose levels on the results of treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2520 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3S) ◽

pp. 16-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. S. Bessonov ◽

V. A. Kuznetsov ◽

I. P. Ziryanov ◽

S. S. Sapozhnikov ◽

Yu. V. Potolinskaya

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Percutaneous Coronary Interventions ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

No Reflow ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

St Elevation ◽

High Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) and glucose levels on the results of treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Materials and methods. Data were collected from all patients (n=1280) with STEMI who were admitted to the coronary care unit and underwent PCIs from 2006 to 2015. 212 (16.6%) patients with DM were compared with 1068 (83.4%) patients without DM (non-DM group). To investigate the influence of the blood glucose levels, all patients were divided into two groups above and below the median of blood glycemia (7.52 mmol/l). Results. Thus, 634 patients with high level of blood glycemia (>7.52 mmol/l) were compared with 635 patients with low level of blood glycemia (≤7.52 mmol/l). In comparing of DM and non-DM groups there were no differences in the rate of death (5.2% vs 4.2%, р=0.526), stent thrombosis (1.4% vs 1.0%, р=0.622), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) (1.4% vs 1.2%, р=0.813) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (7.5% vs 5.4%, р=0.228), which included in-hospital death, recurrent MI and stent thrombosis. The rates of angiographic success (92.9% vs 93.8%, р=0.625) and no-reflow (6.6% vs 5%, р=0.327) also were comparable between groups. The rates of death (6.3% vs 2.5%, р=0.001), MACEs (7.6% vs 4.1%, р=0.008), and no-reflow (6.9% vs 3.6%, р=0,009) were significantly higher in patients with high level of blood glycemia (>7.52 mmol/l). Angiographic success rate (95.1% vs 92.1%, р=0.029) was higher in patients with low level of glycemia (≤7.52 mmol/l). After multivariate adjustment, high level of blood glycemia (>7.52 mmol/l) remained an independent predictor of death (OR=2.28; 95% CI 1.18-4.40, р=0.014), MACE (OR=2.08; 95% CI 1.16-3.75, р=0.014) and no-reflow (OR=2.07; 95% CI 1.15-3.74, р=0.015). At the same time DM wasn’t associated with death, MACE or no-reflow. Conclusion. High level of blood glycemia was an independent predictor of death, MACE and no-reflow in patients with STEMI, undergoing PCI. The presence of DM was not associated with worse in-hospital outcomes.

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Resveratrol: Evidence for Its Nephroprotective Effect in Diabetic Nephropathy

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1555-1568 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vemana Gowd ◽

Qingzheng Kang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Feng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Nephroprotective Effect

ABSTRACT Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dietary habits play a major role in determining the onset and progression of DM-related disorders and a proper diet (rich in fruits and vegetables) can delay or prevent the process of DM pathogenesis. Thus, increasing attention has been paid to polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods since their increased intake has been associated with a reduced incidence of DM and its associated complications. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that is mainly found in grapevines and berries. It is available in various pharmaceutical dosages and is widely recommended as a dietary supplement due to its beneficial effects. Remarkably, resveratrol's capability to effectively lower blood glucose levels without any side effects has been amply demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Herein, we comprehensively review and discuss the nephroprotective effect of resveratrol during DN and its associated mechanisms. Resveratrol exerts its nephroprotective effects via various mechanisms including reducing oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) production, stimulating autophagy, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, ameliorating lipotoxicity, activating the AMP kinase (AMPK) pathway, and modulating angiogenesis. Moreover, the use of resveratrol as an adjuvant to conventional antidiabetic therapies could be an effective approach to manage DN in humans. However, evidence is scarce to support whether resveratrol has beneficial effects in humans during DN. Therefore, clinical studies are warranted to elucidate resveratrol's role against DN.

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Snack bar berbahan pati sagu (Metroxylon sp.), tempe, dan beras hitam sebagai pangan fungsional berindeks glikemik rendah

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.8.1.11-23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Winny Puspita ◽

Ahmad Sulaeman ◽

Evy Damayanthi

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Sago Starch ◽

Black Rice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Index Value ◽

High Level ◽

Low Glycemic Index

Background: High calories intake from snacks with low nutritional value will contribute to increase the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Nutritional strategies to prevent hyperglycemia are controlling blood glucose levels, restrict calories and carbohydrate intake. Sago starch (Metroxylon sp.), tempe and black rice contains ingredients such as dietary fiber, resistant starch, amylose and low glycemic index. Modified snack bar using these ingredients can produce attractive products and provide the beneficial nutrients.Objectives: To determine a snack bar formulation made from sago starch, tempe and black rice and analyze physicochemical characteristics and glycemic index value of the product.Methods: This study used a completely randomized design analyzing three different proportions of sago starch and tempe, namely F1 (2:1), F2 (1.5:1), and F3 (1:1) with two replications for each formula. The Selected formula was determined based on consumer acceptability by semi-trained panelists using 9-point hedonic scale, physicochemical properties, nutrient content, and glycemic index value. Results: The Selected formula (F3) was potentially used as functional food as indicated by high level of dietary fiber (11.05%), 8.8 % resistant starch, in vitro starch digestibility (14.02%), the highest amylose-amylopectin ratio (60.1% : 39.9%), low glycemic index (40) and low glycemic load (5.4). The F3 formula produced a slow increase and peak point of blood glucose response of 107.5 mg/dl at minute 30th lower than the administration of anhydrous glucose with peak point of blood glucose levels of 143.4 mg/dl.Conclusion: The F3 formula with the proportion of sago starch and tempe (1:1) had low glycemic index and was categorized as high-fiber food with high level of resistant starch. Therefore, this product has the potency as functional snack alternative for diabetes patients.

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PROVISION OF VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN D FOOD INGREDIENTS AGAINST THE REDUCTION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II INDICATED RESPONDENTS

Journal of Health Community Service ◽

10.33086/jhcs.v1i2.2131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Rizki_nk Rizki Nurmalya ◽

Farah Nuriannisa ◽

Anugrah Linda Mutiarani ◽

Kartika Yuliani

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Community Service ◽

Food Sources ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Nutrition Counselling ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

This community service was carried out to improve the knowledge of Kutisari residents who identified had diabetes mellitus. The preliminary study was conducted regarding residents who identified with diabetes mellitus with deficiency of vitamin C and vitamin D intake. This community service program lasts for one year. The activity in this community service was collecting the data of respondents with diabetes mellitus, gave nutrition counselling, and directly provided food sources of vitamin C and vitamin D. Besides provided leaflets of vitamin C and vitamin D food sources, the nutrition counselling also measured the respondent’s blood sugar levels. Checking blood glucose levels was carried out to determine the glucose levels of residents who were identified as having diabetes mellitus. Intake of food sources of vitamin C and vitamin D was expected to lower blood glucose levels. The respondent received guava and chicken eggs as the food source of vitamin C and vitamin D. The purpose of this community service is to improve the respondent's knowledge about the food sources of vitamin C and vitamin D. Those foods will reduce the high blood glucose levels close to the normal values. The output of this community service activity is an online-published report.

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The role of r esistant starch in human nutrition

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Alimentaria ◽

10.2478/ausal-2021-0004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 57-83

Author(s):

Zs. Zurbó ◽

J. Csapó

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Human Nutrition ◽

Food Sources ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Pass Through

Abstract In this paper, we examine the role and effect of resistant starch (RS) in human nutrition; further, the structure and properties of RS, the food sources based on resistance to digestion in the colon, and the physiological effects of RS are described. The nutritional value of RS, the effect of RS on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, the relationships between RS and colon function, and the relationships between food starch, dietary fibre, and RS content and colon cancer development are reviewed. It has been shown that the use of RS in foods may have some benefits. Resistant starch, digestion of resistant-starch-containing foods have a number of health benefits for colon function but appear to have less effect on lipid-glucose metabolism. It has a positive effect on colon bacterial activity, promotes the growth of beneficial microbes, and reduces the activity of enzymes that are harmful to the digestive system. Under the influence of RS, increased SCFA production lowers the pH of the colon and stimulates bile acid secretion. The decreased pH protects against colon cancer and inhibits the conversion of primary and secondary bile acids, which are cytotoxic to intestinal cells. At the end of the review article, the relationships between RS and the colon microflora, its use as a prebiotic, and the relationship between RS and glucose metabolism are analysed. It was found that the use of RS in the diet might have benefits as it shortens the time it takes food to pass through the colon and increases the amount of stool. It was also found that the physicochemical properties of foods can directly affect the amount of RS and thereby the blood glucose levels and insulin response.

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Analysis of factors associated with the incidence of members of locomotive crews

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1-102-106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 102-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. A. Zhidkova ◽

E. M. Gutor ◽

M. R. Kalinin ◽

N. B. Naygovzina ◽

K. G. Gurevich

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Rolling Stock ◽

Survey Method ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

The Russian Federation

Aim. To analyze factors that potentially influencing the incidence of members of locomotive crews.Material and methods. The survey method was used to survey 10476 members of locomotive crews. Overall 9309 individuals were included in the analysis. The study was conducted on all railways of the Russian Federation (63 subjects of the Russian Federation). The questionnaire included: the passport part, the results of medical research (blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose levels), questions on workrelated risk factors, risk factors for chronic non-infectious diseases, questions reflecting the subjective opinion of member on the problem.Results. The incidence of locomotive crews members is associated (p<0,05) with the place of work, the types of rolling stock and traffic. By type of traffic, the highest incidence was observed in the members of goods trains; by type of rolling stock, the lowest incidence was among engine drivers and their assistants. The number of cases of diseases with temporary disability over the past year has been associated with rank held. Persons who have experienced temporary disability, are characterized by: 1,2 times lower daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, 1,1 times higher value of BMI and waist circumference, and 1,03 higher blood cholesterol level.Conclusion. The results show that preventive programs can be effective in reducing the incidence of locomotive crews members.

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Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-54

Author(s):

Akemi Suzuki ◽

André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽

Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽

Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽

Gilson Teles Boaventura

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Flaxseed Flour ◽

Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

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