Association between diet quality in adolescence and adulthood and knee symptoms in adulthood: a 25-year cohort study

Abstract We aimed to describe associations between diet quality in adolescence and adulthood and knee symptoms in adulthood. 275 participants had adolescent diet measurements, 399 had adult diet measurements, and 240 had diet measurements in both timepoints. Diet quality was assessed by Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI), reflecting adherence to Australian Dietary Guidelines. Knee symptoms were collected using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Data were analysed using zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. The overall adolescent DGI was not associated with adult knee symptoms, although lower intake of discretionary foods (e.g. cream, alcohol, bacon, and cake) in adolescence was associated with lower pain (Mean ratio (MR): 0.96) and dysfunction (MR: 0.94). The overall adult DGI was not associated with knee symptoms; however, limiting saturated fat was associated with lower WOMAC (Pain: MR 0.93; stiffness: MR 0.93; dysfunction: MR 0.91), drinking water was associated with lower stiffness (MR 0.90) and fruit intake was associated with lower dysfunction (MR 0.90). Higher DGI for dairy in adulthood was associated with higher WOMAC (Pain: MR 1.07; stiffness: MR 1.13; dysfunction: MR 1.11). Additionally, the score increases from adolescence to adulthood were not associated with adult knee symptoms, except for associations between score increase in limiting saturated fat and lower stiffness (MR 0.89) and between score increase in fruit intake and lower dysfunction (MR 0.92). In conclusion, the overall diet quality in adolescence and adulthood were not associated with knee symptoms in adulthood. However, some diet components may affect later knee symptoms.

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FRI0559 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIET QUALITY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD AND KNEE SYMPTOMS IN YOUNG ADULTS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 882.1-882

Author(s):

T. Meng ◽

J. Wilson ◽

A. Venn ◽

F. Cicuttini ◽

L. March ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Womac Pain ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Score Change ◽

Saturated Fats ◽

Health And Fitness

Background:Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide, but no disease-modifying treatments are available. Existing treatments largely focus on relieving symptoms, but they may have substantial adverse effects. Identifying risk factors affecting knee symptoms is important for developing safer prevention strategies of knee OA symptoms.Objectives:To describe the associations between diet quality in childhood and adulthood and knee symptoms in young adults.Methods:Participants were from the Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey (ASHFS) in 1985, which was conducted to provide benchmark data on the health and fitness of Australian schoolchildren. During 2004-2006, participants were followed up in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH) Study. Dietary measures were collected in ASHFS (aged 10-15 years) and CDAH Study (aged 26-36 years) using food questionnaires. Diet quality was assessed by Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI), reflecting the adherence to Australian Dietary Guidelines. The DGI comprises 9 components and its maximum possible score is 100. A higher score indicated higher diet quality. During 2008-2010, participants (aged 31-41years) were followed up in the CDAH Knee Study. Knee symptoms were collected using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses were used to assess the associations between diet quality and knee symptoms. Age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, total energy intake, and knee injury history were included as potential confounders based on biological plausibility.Results:A total of 399 participants (48.4% were female) were included in analysis. The average childhood and adult DGI was 46.5 and 55.4, respectively. The prevalence of knee pain, stiffness and dysfunction was 35.1%. 31.6% and 39.9%, respectively. The overall childhood DGI was not associated with adult knee symptoms. However, the limited intake of discretionary foods in childhood was associated with lower pain (Mean ratio (MR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.00) and dysfunction (MR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99). The overall adult DGI was not associated with knee symptoms. However, replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats in adulthood was associated with lower WOMAC (Pain: MR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99; stiffness: MR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99; dysfunction: MR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), drinking water in adulthood was associated with lower stiffness (MR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99), and fruit intake in adulthood was associated with lower dysfunction (MR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99). Moreover, higher DGI score for dairy in adulthood was associated with higher WOMAC (Pain: MR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.13; stiffness: MR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.21; dysfunction: MR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21). The overall score change of DGI from childhood to adulthood was not associated with adult knee symptoms. However, the score change of replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from childhood to adulthood was associated with lower stiffness (MR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.98), and the score change of fruit intake was associated with lower dysfunction (MR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99).Conclusion:Several DGI component scores in childhood and adulthood and some changes of DGI component score from childhood to adulthood were associated with knee symptoms in young adults. The results suggested that early-life diet quality may affect knee symptoms in young adults.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Estimating the Strength of Associations Between Prenatal Diet Quality and Child Developmental Outcomes: Results From a Large Prospective Pregnancy Cohort Study

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwz166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 188 (11) ◽

pp. 1902-1912 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tiril Cecilie Borge ◽

Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽

Ida Henriette Caspersen ◽

Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽

Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Hierarchical Modeling ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Western Society ◽

Standard Deviation Increase ◽

Motor Functions ◽

Sum Scores

Abstract Our aim in this study was to estimate the strength of associations between prenatal diet quality and child behavioral, language, and motor functions in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (1999–2008). We created a prenatal diet quality index (PDQI) based on adherence to Norwegian dietary guidelines. Child outcomes were defined as sum scores on the Child Behavior Checklist, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and the Child Development Index at ages 18, 36, and 60 months. Using a longitudinal cohort study design and Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we estimated association strengths using inverse probability weighting to account for selection bias. In total, 27,529 mother-child pairs were eligible for inclusion. A 1–standard-deviation increase in PDQI score was associated with an absolute reduction in outcome sum scores of 0.02–0.21 and a 3%–7% relative decrease, with larger decreases seen for language and motor functions than for behavioral functions. PDQI scores were inversely associated with all child functions, but the estimated strength of each association was low. The results indicate that the observed variations in PDQI scores in an industrialized Western society may not profoundly influence the child functions studied.

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Evaluation of the Proximity of Singaporean Children’s Dietary Habits to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2615 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Iain A Brownlee ◽

Jasmine Low ◽

Naageswari Duriraju ◽

Mavis Chun ◽

Jessica Xiu Yan Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Diet

Dietary habits in children may not only impact current health status but could also shape future, lifelong dietary choices. Dietary intake data in Singaporean children are limited. The current study aimed to define the overall diet quality of Singaporean children using an existing cross-sectional dataset and to consider how demographic factors (i.e., body mass index (BMI) status, ethnicity, age, and sex) were associated with these scores. Existing, cross-sectional dietary data (n = 561 children aged 6–12 years, collected in 2014–2015) from duplicate 24-h recalls were assessed for diet quality using an index based on the Singaporean Health Promotion Board dietary guidelines. Total diet quality scores were calculated from ten different components (frequencies of rice and alternatives, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, meat and alternatives, dairy and alternatives, total fat, saturated fat, sodium intake, and added sugars). Association with demographic factors and BMI category was evaluated by one-way multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) tests, with Bonferroni post hoc analyses. Median (interquartile range) total diet quality scores were 65.4 (57.1–73.0). Median scores for whole grains (0.0, 0.0–33.4), fruits (24.1, 0.0–65.3), vegetables (36.5, 10.4-89.8), and sodium (58.4, 0.0–100.0) intake were frequently sub-optimal. Children of Malay ethnic origin had statistically lower total diet quality scores ((55.3, 47.5–60.3) vs. other ethnic groups (combined median 65.4 (57.1, 73.0); p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for continuing efforts to improve dietary intake in young Singaporeans and for longitudinal dietary monitoring in this group.

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Associations between childhood to adulthood socio-economic mobility and adult diet quality

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003317 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Johanna E. Wilson ◽

Dipti Sugumar ◽

Sarah A. McNaughton ◽

Seana L. Gall ◽

Terence Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Parental Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

University Education ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Low Education ◽

Managerial Occupation ◽

The Impact ◽

Adult Diet

Abstract The impact of change in socio-economic status (SES) from childhood to adulthood (SES mobility) on adult diet is not well understood. This study examined associations between three SES mobility variables (area disadvantage, education, occupation) and adult diet quality. 1482 Australian participants reported childhood area-level SES in 1985 (aged 10–15 years) and retrospectively reported highest parental education and main occupation (until participant age 12) and own area-level SES, education, occupation and dietary intake in 2004–2006 (aged 26–36 years). A Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) was calculated from food frequency and habit questionnaires. A higher score (range 0–100) indicated better diet quality. Sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for confounders. Area-level SES mobility was not associated with diet quality. Compared with stable high (university) education, stable low (school only) was associated with lower DGI scores (males: β = –5·5, 95 % CI: −8·9, –2·1; females: β = –6·3, 95 % CI: −9·3, –3·4), as was downward educational mobility (participant’s education lower than their parents) (males: β = –5·3, 95 % CI: −8·5, –2·0; females: β = –4·5, 95 % CI: −7·2, –1·7) and stable intermediate (vocational) education among males (β = –3·9, 95 % CI: −7·0, −0·7). Compared with stable high (professional/managerial) occupation, stable low (manual/out of workforce) males (β = –4·9, 95 % CI: −7·6, –2·2), and participants with downward occupation mobility (males: β = –3·2, 95 % CI: −5·3, –1·1; females: β = –2·8, 95 % CI: −4·8, –0·8) had lower DGI scores. In this cohort, intergenerational low education and occupation, and downward educational and occupational mobility, were associated with poor adult diet quality.

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Diet Quality and Water Scarcity: Evidence from a Large Australian Population Health Survey

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081846 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1846 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bradley G. Ridoutt ◽

Danielle Baird ◽

Kimberley Anastasiou ◽

Gilly A. Hendrie

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Food Groups ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Impact Reduction ◽

Excessive Consumption ◽

Procurement Strategies ◽

Dietary Strategies

There is widespread interest in dietary strategies that lower environmental impacts. However, various forms of malnutrition are also widely prevalent. In a first study of its kind, we quantify the water-scarcity footprint and diet quality score of a large (>9000) population of self-selected adult daily diets. Here, we show that excessive consumption of discretionary foods—i.e., energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods high in saturated fat, added sugars and salt, and alcohol—contributes up to 36% of the water-scarcity impacts and is the primary factor differentiating healthier diets with lower water-scarcity footprint from poorer quality diets with higher water-scarcity footprint. For core food groups (fruits, vegetables, etc.), large differences in water-scarcity footprint existed between individual foods, making difficult the amendment of dietary guidelines for water-scarcity impact reduction. Very large reductions in dietary water-scarcity footprint are possible, but likely best achieved though technological change, product reformulation and procurement strategies in the agricultural and food industries.

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Diet Quality, Saturated Fat and Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stéphanie Harrison ◽

Patrick Couture ◽

Benoît Lamarche

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Short Review ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

Indices reflecting overall diet quality are used globally in research to predict the risk of various diseases and metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Such indices are built to measure adherence to current dietary guidelines or to best assess the diet–disease relationship. Although mostly food-based, dietary guidelines often include recommendations to limit saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, not all diet quality indices consider SFA in their definition of diet quality. Additionally, the relationship between SFA consumption and the development of MetS remains unclear. The purpose of this short review was to explore the association between MetS and various diet quality indices and dietary patterns, with a focus on how SFA contributes to these associations.

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Abstract P127: Associations Between Acculturation, Nutrient Intake, And Diet Quality Among Non-hispanic Black Adults In The United States

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwafikayo S Adeyemi ◽

Alexandra M Roehll ◽

Edson Flores ◽

Chelsea R Singleton

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

The United States ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Black Adults ◽

The U.S

Introduction: Consuming a nutrient poor diet can negatively affect the health status of an individual. Recent increases in African immigration into the U.S. has called for more research on the health and health behaviors of this growing population. Little is known about how acculturation (as measured by place of birth and length of time in the country) affects nutrient intake and diet quality among Non-Hispanic Blacks in the U.S. We aim to address this gap in knowledge by studying the association between acculturation, nutrient intake, and diet quality among a large sample of Non-Hispanic Black adults. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that foreign-born (FB) Blacks who immigrated to the U.S. less than 10 years ago are more likely to meet national recommendations for diet and nutrient intake compared to FB Blacks who immigrated more than 10 years ago and U.S. born Blacks. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2005-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The analytical sample comprised 7,073 Non-Hispanic Blacks who we categorized into three groups: FB Blacks less than 10 years (3.35%), FB Blacks greater than 10 years (7.42%), and U.S. born Blacks (89.23%). We analyzed each participant’s 24-hour recall data to determine if they met 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for intake of specific nutrients (e.g., saturated fat, fiber, sugar, cholesterol, sodium, etc.). We used logistic regression to assess differences across the three groups in regards to odds of meeting DGA recommendations for nutrient intake. Results: Compared to U.S. born blacks and FB Blacks (≥10 years), FB Blacks (<10 years) had significantly higher odds of meeting DGA recommendations for most nutrients after adjusting for all covariates (e.g., age, gender, education level, poverty level, etc.). Specifically, FB Blacks (<10 years) had significantly higher odds of meeting recommendations for saturated fat (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.6-4.6), cholesterol (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.5) and sodium intake (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.3) compared to U.S. born Blacks. FB Blacks (≥ 10 years) had significantly higher odds of meeting recommendations for total fat and dietary fiber compared to U.S. born Blacks. Conclusion: FB Blacks (<10 years) had higher odds of meeting DGA guidelines for nutrient intake compared FB Blacks (≥10 years) and U.S. born Blacks. These findings further highlight the importance of acculturation and its impact on dietary intake among immigrant populations. Future studies should evaluate how acculturation influences overall health status and chronic disease risk across the African diaspora in the U.S.

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Increased vegetable and fruit intake is associated with reduced failure rate of tuberculosis treatment: a hospital-based cohort study in China

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003438 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lei Xu ◽

Jinyu Wang ◽

Shanliang Zhao ◽

Jianwen Zhang ◽

Ke Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Computerised Tomography ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Increased intake of vegetables and fruits has been associated with reduced risk of tuberculosis infection. Vegetables and fruits exert immunoregulatory effects; however, it is not clear whether vegetables and fruits have an adjuvant treatment effect on tuberculosis. Between 2009 and 2013, a hospital-based cohort study was conducted in Linyi, Shandong Province, China. Treatment outcome was ascertained by sputum smear and chest computerised tomography, and dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ. The dietary questionnaire was conducted at the end of month 2 of treatment initiation. Participants recalled their dietary intake of the previous 2 months. A total of 2309 patients were enrolled in this study. After 6 months of treatment, 2099 patients were successfully treated and 210 were uncured. In multivariate models, higher intake of total vegetables and fruits (OR 0·70; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·99), total vegetables (OR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·97), dark-coloured vegetables (OR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·43, 0·86) and light-coloured vegetables (OR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·95) were associated with reduced failure rate of tuberculosis treatment. No association was found between total fruit intake and reduced failure rate of tuberculosis treatment (OR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·70, 1·37). High intake of total vegetables and fruits, especially vegetables, is associated with lower risk of failure of tuberculosis treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The results provide important information for dietary guidelines during tuberculosis treatment.

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Application of an Australian Dietary Guideline Index to Weighed Food Records

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1286

Author(s):

Susan J. Ward ◽

Alison M. Coates ◽

Alison M. Hill

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Food Records ◽

Dietary Guideline ◽

Discretionary Choices ◽

The Relationship

The Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) is a validated diet quality index that reflects adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. The aim of the current study was to establish a novel methodology that applied the DGI to dietary data collected via gold standard, weighed food records (WFR). Consisting of 10 components with a maximal score of 120, the DGI reflected the food-based recommendations of the current Australian Dietary Guidelines and included indicators to score adequacy and quality of core food components and discretionary choices within the diet. The DGI was applied to WFR collected from a sample of 141 adults (84 women, 57 men). Differences between gender for each indicator, as well as subscores for core and noncore components of the DGI were examined. Construct validity was assessed by evaluating the relationship between total DGI score and intake of key nutrients of interest. Overall, the median DGI score was low, 50.87 (range 20.6–104.1). Higher DGI scores were associated with lower intakes of saturated fat, added sugars and sodium (P < 0.05). This methodological approach of applying the DGI to WFR may improve our ability to quantify diet quality, thereby providing a tool to assess changes in dietary intake over time and allow the quantification of diet quality as a variable in relation to health outcomes.

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Abstract P355: Development and Validation of a Nutrient Density Score That Includes Foods Groups

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica D Smith ◽

Victor Fulgoni ◽

Adam Drewnowski

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Food Groups ◽

Unsaturated Fat ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Density Score ◽

Considerable Work ◽

Development And Validation

Introduction: There has been considerable work performed on nutrient profiling to assess the nutritional contribution of a food to a healthy dietary pattern. Most profiling approaches have focused on nutrients to limit and nutrients to encourage. A few profiling approaches have also included certain food groups in the profiling algorithm. Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a nutrient density score, based on the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF) 6.3, that includes food groups and validate the score against a gold-standard marker of diet quality, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. Methods: Stepwise regression was used to develop a nutrient density score based on the day 1 total dietary intake of the U.S. population 2 years and older (excluding pregnant and lactating women) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 (n=23,743). Intake of food groups was taken from the Food Patterns Equivalent Database (FPED) 2011-2016. Sixteen nutrients (as a percent of the Daily Value) as well as five food groups (as a percentage of recommended intake in 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines) were considered in the score. Results: When only the 16 nutrients were included in the score, 66% of the variability in the HEI 2015 could be accounted for (R 2 = 0.66). When only the five food groups were considered, the maximum R 2 with the HEI 2015 was 0.50. However, when both nutrients and foods groups were considered, the model explained 74% of the variability in the HEI 2015 (Table). The increase in the R 2 begins to plateau after the inclusion of 10 elements: 3 nutrients to encourage (fiber, potassium and unsaturated fat), 4 food groups (dairy, fruit, whole grains, and nuts and seeds) and 3 nutrients to limit (added sugar, saturated fat, sodium). Conclusion: A nutrient density score that includes both nutrients and foods groups best predicts diet quality as measured by the HEI 2015.

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