Control of oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)) with synthetic female pheromone

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. L. Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Fruit Damage

AbstractField trials were undertaken in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, to discover whether synthetic sex pheromone, cis-8-dodecenyl acetate, could be used to control the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busck), in peach orchards by the disruption technique. When pheromone was released at rates exceeding 5 mg/ha h from polyethylene capillary tubes males were generally unable to locate synthetic pheromone sources or live virgin females. By maintaining a constant rate of release per unit area it was possible to reduce the number of dispensers from one per 50 m2 to one per 400 m2. There was no significant difference in disruption when pheromone was released from tree crowns at 3·5 m or lower down at 1·5 m. Shoot and fruit damage from trials in commercial orchards suggested that pheromone treatments were as effective as a full seasonal schedule of insecticide applications in reducing damage.

Control of the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busek) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), at a district level by mating disruption with synthetic female pheromone

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Vickers ◽  
G. H. L. Rothschild ◽  
E. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Shoot Damage

AbstractMating disruption of Cydia molesta (Busck) was attempted by treating, with pheromone, all orchards in a small but discrete peach-growing district in New South Wales for two successive years. In the final year of the trial, two former control orchards were also treated with pheromone. The efficacy of the treatment was examined by monitoring fruit and shoot damage, male captures in pheromone traps, captures of both sexes in feeding lures, mated status of wild females and numbers of immature stages in trap bands. It was concluded that mating disruption was a viable alternative to conventional insecticides.

scholarly journals Control of Cydia molesta (Busck) by mating disruption using Isomate-M pheromone dispensers in Northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kyparissoudas
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Disruption Method ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

Trials were carried out in 1986 and 1987 with the mating disruption method for the control of oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta Busck) in peaches of Northern Greece. One or two applications during April-September of the synthetic pheromone lsomate-M, at a rate of 1,000 units per ha, resulted in a 100% prevention of captures in pheromone traps in all trials, with fruit damage ranging from 0.1-2.0%. Damage in the conventionally sprayed treatments was 0.3-2.4% while infestation in the unsprayed plots reached 6-17%. The encouraging results, especially when taking into account the relatively small size of the orchards, opens opportunities for the integrated control of this peach insect pest under the condi­tions of Northern Greece.

scholarly journals Subtle Changes or Dramatic Perceptions of Air Pollution in Sydney during COVID-19

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Peter Brimblecombe ◽  
Yonghang Lai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

The COVID-19 pandemic made it critical to limit the spread of the disease by enforcing human isolation, restricting travel and reducing social activities. Dramatic improvements to air quality, especially NO2, have often characterised places under COVID-19 restrictions. Air pollution measurements in Sydney in April 2019 and during the lockdown period in April 2020 show reduced daily averaged NO2 concentrations: 8.52 ± 1.92 and 7.85 ± 2.92 ppb, though not significantly so (p1~0.15) and PM2.5 8.91 ± 4.94 and 7.95 ± 2.64 µg m−3, again a non-significant difference (p1~0.18). Satellite imagery suggests changes that parallel those at ground level, but the column densities averaged over space and time, in false-colour, are more dramatic. Changed human mobility could be traced in increasing times spent at home, assessed from Google Mobility Reports and mirrored in decreased traffic flow on a major road, suggesting compliance with the restrictions. Electricity demand for the State of New South Wales was low under lockdown in early April 2020, but it recovered rapidly. Analysis of the uses of search terms: bushfires, air quality, haze and air pollution using Google Trends showed strong links between bushfires and pollution-related terms. The smoke from bushfires in late 2019 may well have added to the general impression of improved air quality during lockdown, despite only modest changes in the ground level measurements. This gives hints that successful regulation of air quality requires maintaining a delicate balance between our social perceptions and the physical reality.

Effects of variable-intensity logging and the influence of habitat variables on the distribution of the Greater Glider Petauroides volans in montane forest, southeastern New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Kavanagh ◽  
Rodney P. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Populations of arboreal marsupials were assessed in forests before and after logging at different levels of logging intensity to determine the sensitivity of these species to habitat disturbance. The logging treatments imposed were unlogged controls and two intensities of integrated logging for sawlogs and woodchips. The mean basal area of trees retained in logged blocks ranged from 83% to 35% of pre-logging levels. The objective of the study was to develop better methods for managing arboreal marsupials within the wood production forests of southeastern New South Wales. Seven species of arboreal marsupials were recorded during the study, but the Greater Glider Petauroides volans was the only species recorded in sufficient numbers for analysis (86% of all records). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in counts of the Greater Glider before and after logging. However, given the observed trend and an a priori expectation of a decline in numbers of this species following intensive logging, a one-tailed statistical test was applied which resulted in a significant difference at P = 0.08 for the contrast between the unlogged controls and the most intensively logged treatment. The existence of a threshold in logging intensity within the range of 21 % to 39% retention of tree basal area, below which numbers of the Greater Glider suffer a marked decline, was inferred on the basis of comparisons with the results of other studies. Factors other than logging were important in determining the distribution of the Greater Glider. Elevation, in particular, was a significant environmental variable, with Greater Gliders more likely to occur in forests above 845 m a.s.1. The presence and absence of particular tree species also influenced the distribution of the Greater Glider. Forests containing Manna Gum E. viminalis and Mountain Gum E. dalrympleana were highly preferred compared to forests with a high proportion of E. obliqua. The presence of E. cypellocarpa appeared to improve the quality of habitat for the Greater Glider in forests dominated by E. obliqua. This study has shown that Greater Glider populations can be maintained at or near pre-logging levels when at least 40% of the original tree basal area is retained thoughout logged areas and when the usual practice of retaining unlogged forest in riparian strips is applied.

57. GENOTYPING OF UROGENITAL CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS IN REGIONAL NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
D. Mossman ◽  
C. Ooi ◽  
M. Loewenthal ◽  
M. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
New South ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genotype Frequency ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Genotype Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Chlamydia Trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in Australia and world wide. This study was undertaken to map the frequency of Chlamydia genotypes in regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to explore the potential utility of genotype analysis in defining local sexual networks, and to investigate whether patterns of genotype frequency are correlated with demographic factors, including age and gender. Methods: We studied 204 urine samples infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, as determined by PCR analysis using the COBAS Amplicor system. Samples were collected from wide geographic area of regional New South Wales (Hunter, New England, Northern Rivers, South Eastern New South Wales). Sequencing and genotyping were performed after nested PCR of the omp1 gene. Results: Genotype E was found in 42.6% of infections, with genotypes F (23.5%) and G (16.7%) other common causes of infection. Mixed infection occurred in only 3 cases. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency based on gender or geographic location. There was a significant difference in gender frequency based on patient age, with older patients significantly more likely to demonstrate infection with genotype G (mean age (years) 23.7+/-7.29 sd, E: 21.7 +/-5.7 sd; G: 28.9; sd 10.18; p�=�0.022). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in genotype frequency in the various regions of New South Wales, suggesting genotype analysis is of limited use in defining sexual networks in regional NSW. The finding of a higher frequency of genotype G in older patients raises the possibility that genotypic variation may be driven by immune responses to genotypes that occur more frequently at a younger age. These results may have implications for the future design of a chlamydial vaccine.

Moult, Movements, Age and Sex Composition of Mountain Duck, Tadorna tadornoides, Banded at Lake George, N.S.W

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL McKean ◽  
LW Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
New South ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moult Migration ◽  
Lake George ◽  
Age And Sex

Two samples of mountain ducks totalling 1001 birds were trapped and banded at Lake George,N.S.W. A highly significant difference in age structure between the two samples, taken in January 1965 and in February 1970, may be related to major differences in rainfall for the year preceding each sample. The sex ratio was markedly biased in favour of females. Recoveries of birds were nearly all to the south and west and 300-700 km from the banding site. Fully 99 % of recoveries were in States other than New South Wales. Examination of one sample of 679 mountain ducks for moult of primary and secondary wing feathers showed that approximately one-third of the adults were moulting. It was concluded that the birds were possibly normal residents of the region in which most recoveries occurred, and that they make an annual moult migration to Lake George.

Studies of the Ground-dwelling Mammals of Eucalypt Forests in North-eastern New South Wales: the Species, their Abundance and Distribution

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Catling ◽  
R. J. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in the major vegetation alliances in the eucalypt forests within an area of c. 24000 km2 in north-eastern New South Wales were examined. Data for 33 species of mammal from 21 areas containing 30 vegetation alliances were collected. Four notable aspects of the data were the absence or low abundance of the introduced fox (Vulpes vulpes), the widespread distribution and abundance of the cat (Felis catus), the diversity and abundance of medium-sized native mammals and the diversity of small mammals. Although differences occurred between areas and alliances, there was no significant difference in the number of native and introduced species. The ground-dwelling mammals present in the eucalypt forests of north-eastern New South Wales were more diverse and in greater abundance than those found in forests of south-eastern New South Wales. However, some species, such as the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), appear to be in urgent need of protection and management if they are to persist.

The development of suppression tactics for Biprorulus bibax (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as Part of an integrated pest management programme in citrus in inland South-eastern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. James
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Selective Insecticide ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractSuppression tactics for the citrus stink bug pest, Biprorulus bibax Breddin, were developed and implemented during 1987–1992 in four lemon orchards in southern New South Wales, Australia. Tactics were based on introduction and conservation of natural enemies (principally egg parasitoids), physical or chemical treatment of overwintering populations and strategic low rate applications of a selective insecticide. Estimated adult populations of 10–35,000/1.5 ha and 70–90% fruit damage in untreated crops were reduced to <500/1.5 ha and <5%, respectively, following full implementation of the management programme. Integrated management of B. bibax removes the need for broad-spectrum insecticides to control this pest and lessens the risk of disruption to biological control of other citrus pests.

Using abattoir surveillance and producer surveys to investigate the prevalence and current preventative management of Caseous lymphadenitis in Merino flocks in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bush ◽  
R. Barnett ◽  
I. J. Links ◽  
P. A. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Livestock Health

The prevalence of Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in Australia was estimated to be 5.2% using 2009 abattoir surveillance data from all States supplied by Animal Health Australia involving 5029 lines comprising 1 339 463 sheep. This is a decrease from the 26% estimated in a similar study in 1995. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in CLA prevalence between all states except Tasmania and Victoria (P = 0.75) with prevalences of 12.8 and 12.9%, respectively. Western Australia recorded the lowest prevalence with 1.0%. The average CLA prevalence for New South Wales was 5.3% and within three surveyed Livestock Health and Pest Authority regions (Tablelands, Central North and Central West) was 2.9, 4.9 and 4.4%, respectively. The attitude of the majority of producers surveyed in these three Livestock Health and Pest Authority areas was that CLA was of little or no significance (75%) but were aware of the need for CLA control with ~68% using 6-in-1 vaccine, though only 39.9% as recommended. It appears that the prolonged use of CLA vaccination has been successful in reducing the prevalence of CLA across Australia and particularly in New South Wales. Further improvements in communication of information on preventative management practices associated with lice control, importance of using an approved vaccination program, plus increasing producers’ awareness of the importance of CLA control, are indicated.

A comparison of methods of dispensing synthetic sex pheromone for the control of oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Australia

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. L. Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Loss Rates

AbstractLoss rates of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and related compounds from various dispensers were compared at 15, 20 and 29° C in the laboratory. Comparisons were also made of the performance of these dispensers in pheromone disruption trials against Cydia molesta (Busck) in peach orchards in Australia, in terms of the reduction of male captures at pheromone traps. Hollow-fibre and polymeric-laminate dispensers were superior to various polyethylene and silicone-rubber designs in providing a relatively constant release of pheromone in time, at rates readily modified by altering the dimensions of the dispensers.

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